PALAEOLITHIC IMPLEMENTS FROM WANSTEAD PARK. 77 
plement deposits of the Wanstead District may be tabulated as 
follows :— 
Pliocene ? 
Pleistocene 
Holocene 
Plateau Gravels. 
High Terrace Drifts. 
Middle Terrace Gravels 
1 Middle Terrace Gravels 
1 Trail (contorted Drifts). 
Alluvial Flats. 
Folithic. 
| Older Palaeolithic. 
Xe^*’ Palaeolithic. 
Close of Palaeolithic. 
Neolithic. 
The description of a large patch of Middle Terrace Gravel 
occurring at Wanstead was given by Martin A. C. Hinton in the 
“ Pleistocene Deposits of the Ilford and Wanstead District.” 
(Proc. Gcol. Assoc., vol. xvi.) This description included details 
of a remarkable section of contorted gravels, which was exposed 
early in 1898, in a pit N.W. of Wanstead Park, at a surface level 
of 80ft. O.D. Here the following section was seen :— 
1. Surface soil and made earth. . . . . . . . 2 ft. 
2. Gravel, with lenticular patches of sand, one of 
which had its top and bottom layers cemented into 
“ iron pan ” . . .. . . . . .. .. 4 ft. 
3. Sandy gravel, with shingle beds slightly stained 
with manganese in places . . . . . . . . 6 ft. 
4. Sand, the upper part of which was “ iron pan," with 
a continuous stream of manganese . . . . 1 —2 ft. 
5. Layers of sand and small pebbles, filling hollow in 
the next . . . . . . . . . . .. 5^ ft. 
6. Gravel, with lenticular patches of sand, up to 
London Clay and water . . . . . . . . 5 ft. 
The importance of this section is obvious when it is mentioned 
that the contorted drift was capped with genuine undisturbed 
Pleistocene gravel, thus proving the antiquity of the disturbances, 
which are ascribed to the grounding of ice. 
Implements from this section appeared to be rare, only a few 
small flake implements being discovered. One of these is now 
in my possession. This small palaeolithic flake, which is of 
ochreously stained flint (length 2.5 inches and greatest breadth 
1.75 inches), is patinated with a deep yellow glossy patina, 
which alone proves its great antiquity. The outer face is 
boldly worked, and one edge of the implement being irregularly 
notched shows considerably more abrasion than the other. 
A second section exposed in the same pit appeared to be of 
equally great antiquity : 
1. Surface soil and made earth. . .. .. .. 2 ft. 
2. Stratified gravel . . . . .. .. . . 1—2 ft. 
3. Contorted and lefiticular beds of sand .. . . 1—2 ft. 
