HAZZLEDINE WARREN : STUDY OF PRE-HISTORY IN ESSEX. 149 
1904, pp. 249-250). Near the former place, the Chalky 
Boulder Clay was seen underlying the river gravel. A 
palaeolithic flake was found on the occasion by Mr. Whitaker 
in the gravel (p. 256), and was presented to the Museum. 13. 
Felstead-Stebbing (J. French, E.N., vi., 1892, pp. 132-138),. 
gives some evidence on the subject, and also refers to more 
modern Blown Sand on Stebbing Downs. 14 
Upminster-Hornchurch, new railway (T. V. Holmes, E.N., 
vii., 1893, pp. 1-14, map and sections ; visit to site, vi., 
1892, pp. 96-97). Continuing from number 38, the author 
describes further sections in the Mid and High Terrace, 
the most important point being a mass of Chalky 
Boulder Clay, some 300 yards long, and measured up to 15 
feet thick, occupying a hollow in the London Clay, and 
covered by the High Terrace gravel of the Thames at 90 
to over 100 feet O.D. 15 
Romford, new r railway (T. V. Holmes, E.N., viii., 1894, p. 
I 55 » quotation). Further exposures of Boulder Clay in 
the Romford cutting (a repetition of the features of 15) 
[38, 71]. 16 
H oxne, Suffolk (T. V. Holmes, E.N., ix., 1896, pp. 245-247). 17 
Hitchin, Herts (T. V. Holmes, E.N., x., 1897, pp. 49-51). Re¬ 
view's on the well-known reports by Mr. C. Reid on the 
relation of palaeolithic man to the Glacial period. 18 
For further evidences, vide 43, 46, 47. 
Although the matter has recently been disputed, the evi¬ 
dence of the above sections confirms the conclusions reached on 
other grounds, namely—that the portions of the river valleys 
which are of palaeolithic age w r ere cut out of an undulating 
plane of Boulder Clay: the paiaeolithic gravels representing 
this denudation being full of derivative Glacial debris. 
A complication arises from the deep drift-filled Glacial lake- 
basins, some of which are far deeper than the present valleys. 
The Boulder Clay in the Blackwater valley [12 and 13] undoubted¬ 
ly represents such a lake-basin, no matter whether the inter¬ 
pretation of the deep well-section [11] be correct or not. The 
Homcharch-Romford Boulder Clay is also probably on the 
bottom of a lake-basin—it is not probable that the w r hole Thames 
valley w r as excavated to this depth at that time. 
But, although the stratigraphical evidence thus shows that 
the palaeolithic deposits are later than the major glaciation of 
this country, the evidence of the Ponder’s End stage [69, 70], 
nevertheless, equally proves that there w r as a recrudescence of 
