154 HAZZLEDINE WARREN: STUDY OF PRE-HISTORY IN ESSEX. 
Mammalia, Clacton (S. H. Warren, E.N., xvii., 1912, p. 15 ; 
visit to J. W. Kenworthy collection now in E.F.C. Museum, 
E.N. x., 1898, p. 406 ; also xiv., 1906, pp. 164-165 ; visit 
to H. Picton collection, E.N., xvi., 1911, pp. 322-323). 59 
Mollusca, Clacton (W. M. Webb, E.N., xi., 1900, pp. 225-227) 
[20]. 6a 
Mersea (W. H. Dalton, E.N., xv., 1908, pp. 136-137). The 
gravels of Mersea, Walton Naze, etc., are erroneously 
classed as Glacial on the Geological Survey Map. At a 
spot 1 mile E. by N. of East Mersea church, where the 
gravel is 15 feet thick, the author examined some dark- 
blue silt, stated to have been dug from below the gravel. 
This contained Cardium edule, Scrobicularia piperata , 
Rissoa (thermalis ?). It is suggested that this may be a 
similar deposit to that of Clacton. The surface level is 
not stated, but the marine deposit is said to be not much 
above high water. In reference to the above important 
suggestion, a deposit of clay is seen on the foreshore at a 
spot | mile S. by E. of East Mersea church, in which I have 
found Elephas antiquus, Hippopotamus, Rhinoceros, Bos, 
and I believe that A Ices machlis has also been found (see 
also E.N., xvii., 1913, p. 231). 61 
Shoeburyness [20]. Records Corbicula fluminalis, but nothing 
known of the deposit. [It was probably from a deposit 
now known to occur below sea level.] 62 
Estuarine influence in Mid-Terrace of the Thames (M. A. C. 
Hinton, E.N xi., 1899, PP- 161-165). Refers to the occur¬ 
rence of the estuarine shells Scrobicularia piperata at Ilford, 
Littorina rudis at Crayford, and Paludestrina ventrosa 
at both these localities and also at Grays. This affords a 
comparison with Mersea ; the upper part of the Clacton 
bed (also Mid-Terrace) is likewise estuarine. In the older 
part of the Mid-Terrace, pure freshwater beds occur below 
present sea level. 63 
Trogontherium, Greenhithe, Kent (T. V. Holmes, xii., 1902,. 
p.243, quotation). 64 
c. Low Terrace and Buried Channel. 
Tilbury, etc. (T. V. Holmes, Proc., iv., 1885, p. clvi). Here 
the chalk “ platymore surface ” (that is, the river-bed of 
the buried channel) occurred at 60 to 70 feet below the 
mar^h level ; at the Royal Albert Docks it was 43 to 46 
feet. 65 
Walthamstow, reservoirs (H. Woodward, T. & P., iii., 1882, 
pp. 4-7). The upper part showed 5 to 9 feet of Alluvial 
deposits ; below these, the gravel was seen to 10 feet, but 
