HAZZLEDINE WARREN I STUDY OF PRE-HISTORY IN ESSEX. 155 
the base was not touched. Records, Elephas primigenius, 
Bos primigenius , Cervus strongyloceros. 66 
Walthamstow, reservoirs (T. V. Holmes, E.N., xii., 1902, 
pp. 224-231). The surface of the marsh stands at about 
23 feet O.D., the depths given are below the surface. The 
average depth of the platymore (London Clay) is about 
18 feet, but varies from about 9 feet near the margin of 
the marsh to 25 feet. At the N.W. corner of the Southern, 
or “ Lockwood,” Reservoir, a channel 57 feet deep was 
proved—only 60 or 70 yards to the E. the platymere was 
at 15 feet. 67 
Lea Valley (A. S. Kennard and B. B. Woodward, E.N., 
xiii., 1903, pp. 78-79). The land at this time probably 
stood higher than now. Palaeolithic implements in the 
Low Terrace are alwavs derivative. 68 
j 
Arctic Bed, Lea Valley (S. H. Warren, E.N., xvii., 1912, pp. 
36-39). This occurs in the Low Terrace. List of the fauna 
and flora—mammalia, mollusca, flowering plants, mosses, 
etc. It was first discovered at Ponder’s End and then at 
Angel Road. 69 
Arctic Bed, Temple Mills (A. Wrigley, E.N., xvii., 1912, pp. 
121-122 ; p. 124 ; xviii., 1915, p 73). Lenticular patches 
of the Arctic bed found in Low Terrace gravel with deriva¬ 
tive palaeoliths. 70 
d. Miscellaneous. 
Pleistocene Rivers of S. Essex (T. V. Holmes, E.N., ix , 1896, 
pp. 193-200, contour map). Describes a pre-High Terrace 
river-channel at Romford. The valleys of the Mardyke 
and the Crouch are comparatively modern and cut through 
the High and Mid Terraces of the Thames [16, 19]. 71 
The Essex Stour (P. G. H. Boswell, E.N., xviii., 1915, p. 23, 
brief abstract only). 
Arctic Mammalia, Distribution ( E.N ., xiii., 1904, p. 204, quoted 
from The Times of 19 December 1903). Records 6 living 
polar bears on an iceberg in Lat. 44.54 0 N. Such accidents 
may account for occasional anomalies of distribution. 72 
Manganiferous nodules, etc., in Drifts (T. S. Dymond, E.N., 
x., 1897, pp. 210-212 ; J. P. Johnson, E.N., xii., 1902, pp. 
i 35 _i 36 ; Miss M. Thresh, E.N., xii., 1902, pp. 137-140). 
Discussion of origin, etc. 73 
V. Palaeolithic Implements. 
Thames and Lea Valleys: the work of Worthington G. 
Smith, subsequently published in “ Man, the Primeval 
Savage .” 
