162 HAZZLEDINE WARREN! STUDY OF PRE-HISTORY IN ESSEX. 
Temple Mills (W. G. Smith, T. & P., iii., 1883, p, 146, fig.). 
Three polished flint axes on surface of gravel below the 
marsh clay. 134 
South Tottenham, reservoirs (T. H. Wilson, E.N., x., 1897, 
pp. iio-iii). Sections in new reservoirs : platymore not 
seen. 135 
Walthamstow, reservoirs (H. Woodward, T.&P., iii., 1882, 
pp. 3-9). The sections generally showed about 2 feet of 
upper loam (marsh clay), below this 3 to 7 feet of shell- 
marl and peat, and below this the Pleistocene Low-level 
gravel. Bronze weapons, pottery, etc., were found in 
the Alluvium, but no exact stratigraphical details are 
recorded. The mammalia from the Alluvium include 
Alces palmatus and Cervus tarandus [? from the underlying 
gravel]. 136 
Walthamstow, reservoirs (T. V. Holmes, E.N., xiii., 1901, 
pp. 1-16, map and numerous sections, photograph of 
“ dug-out ” canoe). Many sections in the new Banbury 
and Lockwood Reservoirs, showing the silting-up, at 
various dates, of different former channels. A “ Viking 
ship ” was found in one such channel. In another place, 
a “ dug-out ” was found, and not far away some Roman 
pottery and an iron spear-head in what the engineer believed 
to be the same stratum. Tobacco-pipes ot 17 to 18 century 
occurred at the base of the upper Marsh clay. (Visit to 
site, E.N., xii., 1902, pp. 150-152, photograph of “ Viking 
Ship.”) [Further details and dimensions of the dug- 
out, see 322. Also compare 118, 119, 144, 323.] 137 
Walthamstow,reservoirs (A.S. Kennard andB. B. Woodward, 
E.N., xiii., 1903, pp. 13-21, section and figs, of shells). The 
silting of the more modern channels consists of sand and 
sandy gravel, with little vegetable material. [This was 
also the case with the more recent Chingford Reservoir 
site, where I found a mediaeval roofing-tile in situ in well- 
stratified gravel 8 feet from the surface.] The somevdiat 
older spread of alluvium is mostly peaty, and this is capped 
by modern Marsh clay. One flint flake was found in situ 
in shell-marl. The paper deals mainly with the mollusca. 
Further Note (E.N., xiii., 1903, p. 115). Even the spread 
of earlier alluvium is probably not older than the Roman 
epoch. The ox remains are of a large breed of Bos longifrons, 
identified by Prof. Durst as Roman cattle. The Seeds 
(C. Reid, ibid.) — concludes that they point to a Roman 
date ; the list includes the vine [20, 137]. 138 
Comparison of Lake Dwelling and “ Dug-outin Bosnia (E.N., 
xiii., 1903, p. 47). 139 
