HAZZLEDINE WARREN : STUDY OF PK E-HI STORY IN ESSEX. 1 79 
XIX. —Red Hills, etc. 
Essex (H. Stores, E.N., i., 1887, pp. 96-105, map). Describes 
their distribution, etc. 290- 
Fingringhoe (J. C. Shenstone, E.N., i., 1887, p. 181). Records 
a Red Hill not marked on the above map. 291 
Kent (J. G. Goodchild, E.N., i., 1887, p. 210, 3 figs.). Salting 
mounds ol clay, not Red Hills, on the S. side of the Thames 
estuary. There are larger bosses of London Clay, but 
certain smaller mounds are probably formed of Alluvial 
mud. Suggests that they might be formed by crumpling 
due to slipping, or more probably by deposition round the 
orifice of a temporary spring, like the mud-lumps of the 
Mississippi, described in Lyell’s “ Principles of Geology ,r 
(i., pp. 443-450). ' 292 
Stone Point (H. Laver, E.N., ii., 1888, p. 187). A Red Hill 
on the shore, at the beginning of Stone Point, just at the 
end of the Naze. [This has now been entirely swept away 
by the sea.] 293, 
Copt Hall Marsh, near Wigborough (E.N., xiii., 1904, p. 244). 
Visit to Red Hills. 294 
Burnham and Mersea Island (W. Cole, E.N., xiv., 1906* 
pp. 170-183, 5 figs.). Describes excavations in Red Hills, 
at these localities. The remains found consist of very coarse 
saggar material, or “ briquetage,” T-pieces, and wedge- 
shaped bars of soft red earthenware. A little finer pottery 
[probably Late Celtic] was also found. It is suggested 
that the T-pieces may have been placed in the large vessels 
of “ briquetage ” [as it is now called], to keep them from 
falling in. And, further [following the theory of the late 
Canon J. C. Atkinson], that these large vessels were for 
salt making by evaporation of the salt water. There are 
some 200 Red Hills in Essex ; these vary in area from k 
acre to 25 acres. Mr. Stopes estimated that one near 
Peldon, covering 10 acres, contained 100,000 tons of red 
earth. 295, 
Salt-Making in Essex (Miller Christy, E.N., xiv., 1906, pp. 
193-204, 3 plates). This was formerly an important 
industry. It certainly dates back to Saxon times, and pro¬ 
bably much earlier. The process of making the salt from 
sea water at Maldon, the only place where the industry 
survives, is described. Marine salt was formerly called 
“ Bay Salt ” (that is, orginally, salt from the Bay of Biscay). 
296 
Marine Salt in China (E.N., xiv., 1907, p. 279). This is a very 
extensive industry—the sea water evaporated by the sun 
in large fields surrounded by banks 6 inches high. 297 
