l8o HAZZLEDINE WARREN I STUDY OF PRE-HISTORY IN ESSEX. 
Pottery Mounds in India (E. M. Moir, E.N., xiv., 1907, p. 279). 
On the plains of India water has often to be carried con¬ 
siderable distances in large earthen pots. The potteries 
where these vessels are made are marked by mounds of 
red earth, with debris of broken vessels. 298 
Red-Hills Exploration Committee, Interim Report (E.N., xv., 
Appendix). 298A 
Lincolnshire (S. H. Warren, E.N., xvii., 1912, p. 107). 
“ Briquetage ” associated with peculiar “ hand-bricks ” 
occurs at Ingoldmells Point, on the Lincolnshire Marshes, 
but there is no Red Hill. 299 
Potash-making (H. Laver, E.N., ix., 1895, pp. 119-133). Potash 
was formerly used for the purposes for which we now 
employ soda. It has been an extensive rural industry, 
the potash being made from the ashes of burnt wood or 
other vegetable material. 300 
XX.— Charcoal Burning. 
Essex (T. S. Dymond, E.N., xiii., 1904, pp. 240-243, photograph 
of hut). A general account of the decaying industry, which 
still lingers at Writtle. 301 
Epping Forest (S. W. Warren, xvi., 1910, pp. 65-73, 5 plates 
and 2 figs.). The method by which the industry is carried 
on is described. The hut, of which measured plans and 
sections are given, is obviously a survival from prehistoric 
times. It is conical in form, and its framework consists 
of 12 poles, about 13 feet long ; these are placed round in a 
circle and bound together at the top. Cross-pieces are 
placed between these and the whole covered by sods of 
turf overlapping like the tiles of a roof. When the hut 
falls into decay, the sods of turf slide down the sides of the 
cone and form a raised ring, or hut-circle, round the base. 302 
XXI.— Game Trapping, Fishing. 
Wild-Fowl Decoys, Mersea (H. Laver, Proc., iv., 1884, p. 
cxiv.). 303 
“ Wild-Fowl Decoys in Essex ” (J. E. Harting , E.N., ii., 1888, 
pp. 159-169, map showing their distribution, and 3 figs.). 
Decoys were formerly an important source of food supply. 
Twenty-nine are recorded for Essex, of which three only 
are still used. The wild fowl are enticed, or driven, to the 
large open mouth of the “ tunnel pipe ” or “ pipe,” made of 
netting stretched on a frame. The “ pipe ” is placed over a 
ditch connected with the pond, and is always curved, so that 
the birds cannot see its end. It gradually narrows and 
