HAZZLEDINE WARREN : STUDY OF PRE-HISTORY IN ESSEX. l8l 
leads to the bag net at the end. There are often several 
pipes round a single decoy pond, in order to secure the 
advantage of the wind, which should blow down the pipe. 
A somewhat similar method is employed on dry land tor 
other game, not water-fowl. 304 
“ Wild-Fowl Decoys in Essex.” Minor notices on the same 
subject (E. A. Fitch and Miller Christy, E.N., ii., 1888, 
p. 197 ; E. A. Fitch, E.N., x., 1898, pp. 234 ; 293). 305 
“ Modern Falconry ” (F. J. Mann, E.N., 1888, p. 209-217). 306 
“ Indian Hawks and Hawking ” (C. H. Thompson, E.N., ii., 
1888, pp. 217-221). 307 
“ Oj Hawks and Hounds in Essex in the Olden Times” (J. E. 
Harting, E.N., iii., 1889, pp. 189-198). 308 
These three papers give much information. 
“ Kettle ” or “ Kiddle ” Nets ( E.N ., xv., 1907, p. 54 ; xv., 1909, 
p. 275). These are used still on the tidal flats of the Maplin 
Sands [there are old ones near Frinton, at the mouth of 
the Holland Brook, and I have also seen them in Lincoln¬ 
shire and elsewhere]. The nets are supported by stakes 
driven into the shore in the form of a V, with the point 
directed towards the sea, and the hsh become caught in 
them as the tide recedes. 309 
Thorn Fish-hooks (E. Lovett, E.N., x., 1898, pp. 300-305). 
Fish-hooks made of the whitethorn are used in the Essex 
estuaries. A long line is left on the mud, and the hsh are 
taken off at the next low tide. They have an advantage 
over steel hooks in that they tend to float and do not 
get buried in the silt. Also gives comparative information 
about hint gorges, and other primitive hsh-hooks, in different 
parts of the world. The gorge is pointed at both ends, 
attached round the middle, and baited in a position straight 
with the line. 310 
Thorn Fish-hooks, France (E. Lovett and F. Daleau, E.N.,. 
xii., 1901, pp. 28-31, 4 hgs.). White-thorn hsh-hooks 
are used in the Gironde, and also straight double-pointed 
gorges of wood. A Palaeolithic ivory gorge has been found 
in a cave in the Gironde. Bone gorges are used in Alaska 
for catching sea-birds. 311 
Thorn Fish-hooks, Wales (E.N., xiii., 1903, p. 46, hg.). Used 
at the hshing village of Langharne. 312 
Thorn Fish-hooks, Crouch Estuary (H. Rand, E.N., xvii.„ 
1912, p. 124). Exhibition and presentation of a line of 
whitethorn hsh-hooks to the E.F.C. Museum. 313. 
