2 4 I 
MOSQUITOES AND THE DANGER OF MALARIA 
IN ENGLAND. 
BY A. BACOT, F.E.S., 
Entomologist tty the l ister Institute of Preventive Medicine. 
With two Charts ani eight other Illustrations. 
[Read 24 November 1917.] 
SYNOPSIS. 
I.—Prefatory Note. 
II. —Life History of Mosquitoes. 
III. —Mosquitoes and the Dissemination of Diseases. 
IV. —The Presence of “ Ague ” (or Malaria) in England. 
V. —The Breeding Places of Mosquitoes. 
VI. —Methods for the Combating of Mosquitoes by Man. 
I.—PREFATORY NOTE. 
HEN invited to read a paper on Mosquitoes before the 
Essex Field Club, I hesitated because my knowledge 
of these insects is rather unequal, being of the intensive, rather 
than the extensive, order. I know one tropical species very 
thoroughly ; some of its relatives rather well ; and have had 
practical experience with West African mosquitoes ; but my 
studies of the English species have hitherto been scrappy and 
superficial. However, I decided to accept the flattering offer, 
supplementing my field knowledge, so far as the season of the 
year allowed, and reading up the subject in relation to this 
country, so far as war work would permit. The paper here 
presented is the summarized result of these activities interpreted 
in the light of my African experience. 
For the section of my paper which deals with the past history 
of Malaria, and the distribution of Anopheles mosquitoes in 
England, I desire to acknowledge my indebtedness to the epoch- 
making paper on this subject published by Nuttall, Cobbett, 
and St range ways-Pigg in the Journal of Hygiene, vol. i (1901). 
To all those who desire to study the question for themselves, I 
strongly recommend a perusal of this paper, together with 
Nuttall and Shipley’s “ Monograph of Anopheles maculipennis” 
published in volumes i., ii., and iii. of the same Journal. 
I wish further to record my thanks to the Editor and 
