4889 
THI RURAL HEW-YORKIR. 
being 11 8-10 bushels average in Wisconsin, 
against 8 7-10 bushels in Minnesota, 10 3-10 
bushels in Iowa, 10 8-10 bushels in Nebraska, 
10 bushels in Nevada and 9 310 bushels in 
Dakota. 
Patents by Women. There are interest¬ 
ing spots in Patent Office reports even. One 
is the recently published information about 
women to whom patents have been issued. 
During the first 70 years of the Government 
but 55patents were allowed to women; but in 
1887 alone, 188 were issued, and the total is 
over 2,000. The first patent ever given to a 
woman was in 1800, when Mary Kies took out 
one for straw weaving with silk or thread. 
The second patent was issued to Mary Brush 
in 1815 for a corset. Probably the oldest woman 
inventor alive is Mrs. Nancy M. Johnson, 
who in 1843 patented an ice cream freezer and 
made considerable money thereby. Contrary 
to remarks frequently seen in print, most of 
the patents issued to women have been in 
some way connected with their dress and 
household labor-saving devices. Few of the 
women who have invented were from the New 
England States, and the most of the few were 
from Massachusetts 
RURAL LIFE NOTES. 
I F you have some choice retinisporas, arbor- 
vitaes,yews, junipers or other dense-growing 
evergreens, says Mr. Falconer in the Amer¬ 
ican Florist, don’t let the snow destroy them 
by weighting down the branches and spread¬ 
ing them apart. Just take a piece of marlin 
or stout string and run it in among the branch¬ 
es to tie them together and prevent their be¬ 
ing spread apart by the snow. 
At a recent Wisconsin institute, Prof. 
Short described the proper methods of hand¬ 
ling milk and cream in order to make the 
best quality of butter. Cream not sufficiently 
ripened does not produce a good-keeping or 
good-flavored butter, cream too much ripened 
yields a bad-flavored butter. He cautioned 
the farmers not to put sweet cream in with 
ripened cream just before churning. No 
cream should be churned until it has been 
ripened at least twelve hours. The chief rea¬ 
son for butter not keeping well is the caseine 
which is permitted to remain in it and which 
should be thoroughly washed out before re¬ 
moving the butter from the churn. 
Submerged setting of milk is preferable to 
any other system, as, if the milk is submerged 
promptly, and the water kept cold, as soon as 
drawn from the cow, it produces more cream 
than by any other process, and prevents 
contamination by any impurities in the at¬ 
mosphere. Experiments at the station have 
proved that milk left out of the water ten 
minutes after being drawn from the cow lost 
seven per cent of cream, and that left out 
half an hour lost 30 per cent over that sub¬ 
merged as quickly as possible after being 
drawn. Not more than 60 per cent of the 
butter contained in it can be got out of sweet 
cream by any churning process. Sweet cream 
may be added to that undergoing the ripening 
process, but it should be well stirred up every 
morning; any cream ripening, unless a ripen- 
er is used, should be frequently stirred to 
keep the temperature alike through the entire 
quantity. 
There is no set method of telling when 
cream is properly ripened; the butterinaker 
must determine by experience the same as a 
good baker knows when bread is raised suf¬ 
ficiently to bake. The probable cause for hav¬ 
ing to churn for an unusual period before but¬ 
ter comes is the existence of albumen in the 
cream: to effect a remedy add a few quarts of 
water to the cream at the same temperature 
as the cream;let it stand a few minutes; 
churn again, drawing off the water from the 
bottom; if not successful repeat the process of 
watering, thus washing out the albumen. Salt 
in the water is advantageous, but not enough 
salt should be used to destroy the value of the 
buttermilk; put milk cans in ice water at any 
season to raise the cream, but do not let 
cream freeze. 
Nearly $900 are thus far contributed in 
souvenirs to the Rural’s Women’s National 
Potato Contest. Let the good work go on.... 
The Audalusian breed of fowls in the R. 
N.-Y.’s humble estimation, as judged from its 
present trial of the breed, in a delusion and a 
snare... 
A Writer in the London Garden pro¬ 
nounces A. K. Williams and Marie Baumann 
the two best red hybrid perpetuals. 
Among new roses the Garden mentions 
Duchess of Leeds, a seedling from La France, 
as possessing its parent’s charactaristic habit 
of growth and type of flower. The flower is 
smaller but deeper in color and it is likely to 
make a pretty garden rose. 
Hypericum Kalmianum (St. John’s-wort) is 
a hardy shrub scarcely appreciated here in 
its native country. It bears a profusion of 
yellow flowers in August, and succeeds well 
in the shade. 
Readers may secure a free copy of the R. 
N.-Y., by sending us five yearly subscribers 
and $9. 
Make a note to try the Emerald Gem 
muskmelon next season—for family use. Try 
the new Japan btmkwheat. Plant a Paragon 
chestnut. Make your plans now for the grow¬ 
ing season of 1889. Visit your enterprising 
neighbors and ask them questions. Attend 
the institutes. Take your note-book along 
and use it. Ask the R. N.-Y. any question 
you can not yourself answer. The R. N.-Y. 
or some of its contributors will try to assist 
you.. 
A Blue rose Is advertised in England. Mr. 
Peter Henderson writes to the London Gar¬ 
den to ascertain upon what plea so bold a 
claim is made.. 
A Three or Four-inch tire is looked at by 
many rural travelers with something akin to 
amazement, remarks the Times. And yet 
such a tire not only does not damage a road, 
whether it be hard or soft, but it actually im¬ 
proves it, rolling it and making it hard, 
smooth and firm. And, moreover, the load 
is drawn with greater ease. In field work the 
advantage is equally great. The wheels do 
not sink through an ordinary sod and very 
little in a stubble, while two horses will draw 
3,000 pounds of manure upon freshly-plowed 
land with four-inch tires to the whole when 
they would be stalled with 1,500 pounds upon 
1%-inch wheels. 
True it is, says the Breeder’s Gazette, that 
the condition of the wool-grower is more com¬ 
plicated than that of his beef-raising neigh¬ 
bor. Wool is especially exposed to foreign 
competition, and for that reason needs and 
receives Government defence. In addition 
there is a menace against which no defence 
has thus been secured—m tact rarely asked 
for, if desired. This is the presence and stead, 
ily increased use of materials other than 
wool in the clothing of our people. Improve¬ 
ments in machinery, in the designing of fab¬ 
rics, combined with universal demand for 
cheap products, have brought into common 
use a multiplicity of materials to displace 
fleece wool from its once almost exclusive 
employment in the manufacture of cloths, 
carpets, and other household fabrics. Cast¬ 
off garments now return to purchasers who 
demand cheap goods, for new service, and 
what sound, fresh wool that was not required 
to “ carry ” the adulterant, remains unsold 
until its owner accepts a price deemed all too 
low for its profitable production. 
The English Society for the Prevention of 
Cruelty to Animals has lately prosecuted two 
farmers living in different parts of the 
country, for dehorning their cattle. The 
lower courts dismissed both cases and an ap¬ 
peal in one of them was made to the High 
Court, which also dismissed the case, allowing 
the defendant $26 costs. Three years ago— 
in 1885—the Common Pleas Division of the 
High Court in Ireland decided that dehorning 
was not an offense under the law in that 
country. As our readers will remember, a 
similar decision was rendered in Illinois some 
time back. The dehorners therefore need 
fear no interference from the courts. 
The Commission appointed by the French 
Senate to study the consumption of alcohol 
in France says in its report that the recent 
diseases of the vine, such as phylloxera, have 
produced a complete revolution in the drink¬ 
ing customs of the French, spirits having 
taken the place of wine. Consequently there 
has been a great increase of insanity, suicide, 
and criminality. In Normandy and other 
northern divisions there is a public house for 
every sixty-two inhabitants. 
We have applied a mulch of New York 
stable manure to our crossbred and hybrid 
wheats at the rate of 20 tons to the acre. 
ThE R. N.-Y., has raised Bermuda grass 
both from seeds and cuttings, two years in 
succession. The grass is partially hardy with 
protection... 
Bone flour and uuleached ashes make an 
excellent fertilizer for any plant whatever. 
It is as a complete fertilizer slightly deficient 
in nitrogen. Add 200 pounds of nitrate of 
soda to avery 1,000 pounds of bone. 
We have 65 hybrids between Rosa rugosa 
(mother) and many other roses. Don’t you 
suppose that one or more of these will prove 
to be worthy of introduction?. 
Picking the potato beetle by hand—the 
earliest brood—does not pay. We are posi¬ 
tive as to that it we may judge by persistent 
laborious experience. 
Scattering poisoned sliced potatoes over 
the potato ground before the sprouts appear 
as many farm papers advocate, does not pay 
at all. The beetles prefer to rest in the soil 
until the sprouts do appear above it. Weather 
that is too cold for potato sprouts, is too cold 
for potato beetles. 
Try just one plant of Prickly Comfrey. 
Then you can judge, without much cost, how 
you and your animals like it. The Rural 
has grown this much-discussed plant for 12 
years. 
Don’t plant more than one of the Lucretia 
Dewberry. One will answer to satisfy you.. 
Make your experiments with commercial 
fertilizers on a poor soil... 
The trouble with Red-cap fowls is that 
their caps are too large.. 
Plant some Irises—Koempferi or Laevigata. 
They are hardy and beautiful and will thrive 
anywhere. 
Touch novelties gently, but touch them.... 
Remember that our best grains, roots, 
fruits, flowers and vegetables were novelties 
once. . 
Should the fertilizer be spread under or 
over the seed pieces of potatoes ? That is a 
problem that the R. N.-Y. has been working 
on for three years. 
A NEW GATEWAY 
WORD FOR WORD. 
Rheumatism 
Vto doubt if there is, or can be, a specific 
remedy for rheumatism; but thousands who 
have suffered its pains have been greatly ben¬ 
efited by Hood's Sarsaparilla. If you have failed 
to find relief, try this great remedy. It correct: 
the acidity of the blood which is the cause of the 
disease, and builds up the whole system. 
“ I was afflicted with rheumatism twenty years, 
1 revious to 1883 I found no relief, but grew worsen 
until I was almost helpless. Hood’s Sarsaparilla 
did me more good than all the other medicine 
I ever had." H. T. Balcom, Shirley Village, Mass. 
Hood’s Sarsaparilla 
Sold by all druggists. $ 1 ; six for $5. Made 
only by C. I. HOOD & CO., Lowell, Mass. 
IOO Doses One Dolfar 
MAKE HENS LAY 
S heridan's condition powder is absolute¬ 
ly pure and highly concentrated. It is strictly 
a medicine to be given with food. Nothing on earth 
will make hens lay like it. It cures chicken chol¬ 
era and all diseases of hens. Illustrated book by 
mall free. Sold everywhere, or sent by mail for 
25 cts. in stamps. 2,Vlb. tin cans, $1; by mall, 
$1.20. Six cans by express, prepaid for $6, 
J, S- Johnson Jk Co., P. O. Box 2118, BostOR, 
By the completion of a new bridge across 
the Missouri River at Rulo, Nebraska, tbe 
Burlington Route has established, for the en¬ 
tire distance over its|own track, a new, direct, 
through line from St. Louis to Kansas City, 
St. Joseph, Atchison and Denver. Over this 
line is run “ The Burlington’s Denver|Express” 
—a solid train with through sleeping cars and 
coaches from St. Louis to St. Joseph and Den¬ 
ver, and a through sleeping car from St. Louis 
to Kansas City. The connections made by this 
train at the Missouri River, at Denver and at 
junction points en route are such that one can 
directly reach by it all points in Nebraska, 
Colorado and all sections of the West and 
Southwest, as well as all Pacific coast points. 
This is in addition to “ The Burlington’s Num¬ 
ber One” well-known solid vestibule train be¬ 
tween Chicago and Denver and Cheyenne, 
with which direct connection is made by C. B. 
& Q. R. R. train from Peoria, and by which 
one can make the run between Chicago aBd 
Denver without being more than one night on 
the road. For tickets via the Burlington 
Route and for special excursion folder, call on 
any ticket agent of connecting lines, r oi\ad- 
dress P. S. Eustis, Gen’l Pass, and Ticket 
Agent, C. B. & Q. R. R., Chicago, Ill. 
Best Farmers 
And largest railroads all over the United 
States use the Buck-Thorn Fence. 
C HRISTIAN UNION: “What is wanted 
is, not a labor system which will make 
the prison self-supporting—a matter of no pe¬ 
cuniary moment whatever—but a labor system 
which shall fit the convict to be self-support¬ 
ing when he comes out of prison; a system, 
therefore, which shall be educative and not 
commercial—the end of which shall be the 
making of men, not the making of money. 
Such a system would not offer any such com¬ 
petition with workingmen outside of prison 
walls as would interfere with or tend to lower 
their wages.” 
-The Idea: “The peach crop for 1889 has 
failed.” 
—London Live Stock Journal: “There 
can be no safety for British agriculture if, for 
the sake of the speculative minority who 
want cheap stores, we should again allow, 
even well-bred, well-fed, Transatlantic cattle 
to be distributed free over the country, carry¬ 
ing disease and disaster in their train. This 
trade will again, as it has done before, carry 
disease and disaster in its train.” 
—Swine Breeders’ Journal; “The inno¬ 
cent purchaser of pork at the city meat market 
does not know if he is eating meat from a heal¬ 
thy porker or from one that is within a few 
hours of death’s door with hog cholera. So 
extensive is this nefarious practice that many 
farmers will not under any consideration buy 
or use city-cured meats and lard. ” 
-Weekly Press:— “A humane way of des¬ 
patching an animal is to send a good-sized 
bullet into the center of the brain, paralyzing 
feeling at once. A handful of feed placed on 
the ground or floor before the animal is an aid 
in keeping it quiet so as to present a good 
mark. If the shot is properly placed the ani¬ 
mal will drop as if struck by lightning and 
die in a few seconds without a struggle. 
-“There are some honest commission 
men, but it costs money to find them.”.__ 
PijsrfUatwusi 
“The Best and Prettiest.” 
I want about 1,000 pounds more Buck-Thorn. 
I have some up already, and consider it the 
best of any I ever saw or used. I have used 
two of the best barb wires, also plain wire, 
but the Buck-Thorn is the best and prettiest! 
D. M. Howell, Cambridge, Md. 
The Buck-Thorn Fence Co., Trenton, N. 
J., will send Samples and Circulars free to all 
applicants 
NEW YORK 
ANNUAL MEETING.: 
The Annual Meeting of the New York State Agri¬ 
cultural Society will be held at the Society's rooms, 
Albany, on EDNESDAY, the 16th day of January, 
1889, at noon. 
W. JUDSON SMITH, 
Secretary Pro-tem. 
SEDGWICK STEEL WIRE FENCE 
Best Fences and Gates for all 
purposes. Free Catalogue giving 
full particulars and prices. 
Ask Hardware Dealers, or ad¬ 
dress, mentioning this paper, 
SEDGWICK BROS. Richmond, Ind. 
cere 
AGENTS_ 
and farmers with no experience make S'^.50 an 
hour during spare time. J. V. Kenyon, Glens Falls, 
Ho o 8 < y e d 376.50 one week. 
8o can you. Proofs and catalogue free. 
J. E. Shepard & Co.. Cincinnati. O. 
9 Cords'" 10 H ^ s 
Runs Easy 
BACKACHE. 
BY ONE MAN. Greatly improved. Also TOOL 
for tiling saws whereby those least experienced can¬ 
not make a mistake. Sent free with, machine. To 
others, fur common erosg-cut saws, by mall $8.00. Htin- 
lreds have sawed G to O CORDS daily, We want all who 
turn wood and all interested in the timber business to 
write for our Illustrated free Catalogue. We have ex¬ 
actly w hat you want, the greatest labor-saver and best- 
-elling tool now on earth. First order from your vicin¬ 
ity secures agency. FOLDING SAWING SAUHINK CO,, 80S 
to Sll So. Canal Street, Chicago, U. S. A. 
Hold Your June Butter for a Januar Price. 
It positively prevents Batter Irom ever 
becoming Rancid, and causes it to retain its fresh¬ 
ness, aroma, and flue flavor for months—even when 
exposed to atmospheric Influences for a long time. 
Endorsed by the leading agricultural papers. Also 
by Creameries, Dairymen, and others throughout the 
country. Send for circular. 
Butter Preservative Salt Co., 
K*nnt a 4 Waul 1 1 #1, k>< V ..... V 
