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VOL. XLVIII NO, 2037. NEW YORK, FEBRUARY 9, 1889, 
'[Entered According to Act of Congress, in the Year 1889, by the Rural New-Yorker, In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington.] 
PRICE FIVE CENTS. 
$2.00 PER YEAR. 
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bugs when the necessary conditions of warmth 
and moisture were obtained,but in dry.exposed 
places the disease would not spread, no matter 
how abundantly the disease germs were 
scattered about. 
At the close of an article is given the follow¬ 
ing 
PRACTICAL SUGGESTION: 
“ It will be understood from what has been 
said that on low ground and among thrifty, 
growing crops that keep the ground well 
shaded, chinch-bug diseases will be most com 
mon. Then, other things being equal, put 
those crops subject to chinch-bug attacks 
on low places; see to it that the ground is 
well prepared for the crop, and use seed of 
most thrifty-growing varieties. I also think 
it advisable, as it can be done at so trifling an 
expense, to preserve quantities of dead hugs 
to be used if necessary in the future, either in 
one's own locality or to be sent to some dis¬ 
tant spot where the disease has not yet ap¬ 
peared. To preserve the disease, cut grass or 
other crops where the dead bugs are abund¬ 
ant, thoroughly drying the same, and then 
inclose in paper sacks and store in a perfectly 
dry place until needed.” 
RAISING LIMA BEANS WITHOUT POLES 
(See page 86.) 
My plan of growing Lima beans for mar¬ 
ket is shown at Fig. 29. I have never seen or 
heard of such a way in any place except my 
own, so I suppose it is an original idea. It 
is certainly the cheapest way of growing 
beans that I have ever heard of or practiced. 
I commence by getting three posts nine feet 
long—one for each end and one for the middle. 
With a post-hole digger I dig holes four feet 
deep so that the posts will fit in snugly. Af¬ 
ter a post has been put in, the earth around it 
is rammed solid. By making the holes deep, 
there is no need of bracing the end posts. The 
sketch represents one section of a row 300 feet 
long, with one end post, and one of the several 
small stakes sharpened at the bottom end, and 
driven into the ground 26 feet apart between 
the posts. These keep the wire from sagging. 
The wire should be fastened at the top of each 
post, (I use staples) drawn tightly and fas¬ 
tened to the other end post; then it should be 
placed on the middle post and stakes and sta¬ 
ples should be driven on the top of them to 
keep the wire from slipping off. I plant the 
beaus 18 inches apart, two together, in the row, 
directly under the wire. When the vines get 
large enough to put out tendrils, I take common 
wrapping twine (cotton),fasten it to the top of 
each end post, then carry it down and give it 
one turn under the leaves of the plant, then 
over the wire and down to the next plant, and 
so on until the row is completed, drawing the 
cord tolerably tight from plant to wire. Then 
I go over the row and entwine the tendrils 
around the cord. In a few days they will have 
taken hold of the wire when the hardest wind 
will not break them loose. When frost has kill¬ 
ed the vines in the fall, I take a knife and cut 
them from the wire and lay them neatly length- 
HOLSTEIN BULL, PURDUE PREMIER. Fig. 27. 
QL\)t 
PURDUE PREMIER. 
HIS magnificent two year old 
Holstein bull, shown at Fig. 
27, stands at the head of the 
herd owned by Purdue Uni 
versity, Lafayette, Ind. He 
was dropped May 23, 1886, 
md weighs at the present time 1,800 pounds. 
H[is sire was Promoter (2004), owned by J. W. 
Stillwell & Co., Troy,Ohio. His dam, Mana- 
la (9693), was purchased in the spring of 1886. 
She was bred by J. Waiboer, Barsingerhom, 
N. Holland, and impoited in 1884. 
wise of the row, and with a plow throw a fur¬ 
row or two on them, and when planting time 
comes again they will have rotted and will 
have made the best manure for another crop, 
with the addition of a little guano. I never 
change the rows, but plant in the same rows 
year after year. e. t. ivy. 
Slje poitltnj Davi). 
CHINCH BUG DISEASES. 
(See page 86.) 
Much interest has been manifested in Iowa, 
Illinois, Minnesota, and Ohio during the past 
summer and fall concerning widespread 
“epidemic,” diseases among chinch-bugs. Dr. 
Lugger, in a recent bulletin of the Minnesota 
Experiment Station, gave an illustration rep¬ 
resenting a bug attacked by the disease, to¬ 
gether with an account 
disease, and its distri¬ 
bution over the State. 
Prof. Forbes, of Illi¬ 
nois, has reported 
chinch-bug diseases 
prevalent in that State, 
and nowBulletin 3 of 
the Iowa Experiment 
Station comes to us 
with an account of 
the epidemic as ob¬ 
served in that State 
the past season by the 
station entomologist, 
C. P. Gillette. 
Fig. 28 is a life-size 
representation of a 
number of the chinch- 
bugs that have been 
destroyed by a fungus 
(a species of Empusa) 
which has almost en¬ 
tirely destroyed these 
insects in parts of the 
State. The white spots 
upon the leaf represent 
the bugs as found 
either partially or en¬ 
tirely covered with the 
mycelial threads of the 
fungus. The dark spots 
on the white are chiti- 
nous portions of the 
insects that the fungus 
can not penetrate and 
which iu most cases 
remain uncovered. 
The disease was first 
noticed at the Iowa 
station about the first 
of August, when the 
bugs were very numer¬ 
ous. Old and young 
were equally subject to 
attack. It was found 
by experiment that the 
disease was readily 
communicated trom 
diseased to healthy 
of the nature of the 
BUCEPHALUS BROWN’S NOTIONS 
AND IDEAS. 
About Poultry.— I believe that more 
money, much more, has been lost in attempts 
to make yarded poultry pay than has ever 
been made out of it as a business, though I 
am aware that some skilled advertisers do 
well at it. The poultry business is a good 
deal like women’s work, about which there is 
so much discussion as to starvation prices. 
The average working woman has to meet the 
deadly competition of hosts of other women 
who are in part supported by male connec¬ 
tions, and can therefore cut under the wages 
of women dependent entirely upon them¬ 
selves. If it were not for the immense amount 
of work done by partly-supported women, at 
less than real cost, the working women who 
must live on their wages would get much bet¬ 
ter rates. So it is with those who go into 
poultry. They have to meet the competition 
of the farms, where poultry and eggs are “by¬ 
products,” so to speak. 
Farm Poultry.— 
But farm poultry, say 
the hen fanciers, and 
farm eggs, are far in¬ 
ferior. Sometimes, and 
sometimes not. When 
rightly managed, farm 
poultry and eggs are 
superior to yard pro¬ 
ducts, and much more 
cheaply produced. 
Within due limits, the 
poultry and eggs from 
farm flocks cost less 
than half those from 
the yards.' On our av¬ 
erage farms, where the 
flocks rarely exceed a 
fowl per acre, nearly 
all their summer food 
costs even less than 
nothing, for the flocks 
of young poultry, dur 
ing the summer, con¬ 
sume a large quantity 
of injurious insects and 
weed seeds, besides be¬ 
ing a decided benefit 
in scattering the drop¬ 
pings of cattle evenly 
in their search after 
grubs. Fowls that have 
free rarge are healthier 
and, when cared for, 
make a better growth, 
and fatten to a greater 
weight. 
Farm Poultry Im¬ 
proving.— It will not 
do to sneer at the qual¬ 
ity of farm poultry. 
Thanksgiving week I 
noticed, in a village 
street, a load of dressed 
Plymouth Rocks sell¬ 
ing at 15 cents a pound, 
and netting the farm¬ 
er who brought 
them in §1.50 a pair. 
