THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
WESTERN NEW YORK HORTICUL¬ 
TURAL SOCIETY. 
(RURAL SPECIAL REPORT.) 
The society decides to retain its old name; 
“the slovenly fruit-grower must go;" com¬ 
ments on small fmiits; a large peach 
orchard; avoidable causes of unremun- 
er alive markets; faulty packages for 
Europe; a good apple picker; spraying all 
fruit trees insisted on; plum culture for 
market; grapes ; cold-storage; insecticides 
and how to use them; the canning in¬ 
dustry; indorsement of nitrates and of J. 
S. Woodward. 
A well attended meeting of this society was 
held at Rochester on January 23 and 24, 1889. 
The election of officers resulted mostly iu a re- 
election: Patrick Barry, president; S. D. 
Willard, W. C. Barry, W. Brown Smith, J. 
S. Woodwa’d, vice presidents; P. C. Rey¬ 
nolds, secretary and treasurer. The Pres¬ 
ident’s annual address, read by chairman W. 
C. Barry, spoke of the failure of the efforts 
made to obtain State aid for the society, and 
recommended the reconsideration of the reso- 
luoiou by which the society was to organize 
as the New York State Horticultural Society. 
The question was considered towards the close 
of tae meeting, and as a result the Western 
New York Horticultural Society still lives. 
The address mentions the slovenly fruit¬ 
grower as the one who raises the cry of over¬ 
production, and “the slovenly fruit-grower 
must go.” 
In a report on Garden Vegetables, Mr. E. 
S. Goff has a good word to say for the Danish 
Bald-head winter cabbage, the Gilt-edge, 
Snowball, and Snowstorm cauliflowers, the 
California Cream Butter lettuce, the Balti¬ 
more Nutmeg, Emerald Geui, and New 
Orange Cream melons, Childs’ Celestial 
pepper, White Chestnut and Sibley squashes. 
Dwarf Champion tomato, etc. Chas. A. 
Green, in his ornithological report, again 
champions the cause of the birds as doing 
more good than injury. 
From the county reports we learn that a 
large part of the large crop of Western New 
York apples is yet in the growers 1 bauds and 
ready to put on the market as soon as prices 
advance sufficiently. Concord, Delaware and 
Catawba are yet taking the lead among 
grapes. Niagaras are fine. Worden is a bad 
shipper; but has been successfully carried long 
distances when a leaf was put under each 
cluster in the basket. Among newer straw¬ 
berries Bubach and Jessie take the lead 
Wilson is yet the old stand-by. The more 
barn-yard manure for strawberries, the better 
the resuffs. Where nothing is done to destroy 
the crop of worms, the worms destroy the cur¬ 
rant crop. Cherries are still a good paying 
crop. Grapes are easy to produce as insects 
trouble them but little. 
Mr. J. P. White, of Mount Morris, N. Y., 
tells of his 140 acres of peach orchard. The 
30,u00 trees are now eight years old, and have 
given him five crops. The most valuable and 
profitable varieties with him are Waterloo 
Alexander, Early Rivers (all clingstones and 
very early), Foster, Early Crawford, Old- 
mixon and Late Crawford. He finds a good 
market at his own door. The yellows are 
more serious on rich than on poor soil. Every 
affected tree is at once cut down and left un¬ 
til spring, then it is removed and disposed of 
with other orchard trimmings. 
Mr. C. M. Hooker, of Monroe county, re 
ports the last strawberry crop poor and light; 
but higher market prices made up for the in¬ 
feriority. This seems to have been quite gen¬ 
erally the case all through Western New 
York, and perhaps elsewhere. The peach yel¬ 
lows continues to be destructive; but in spite 
of it the crops are yet satisfactory and remun¬ 
erative Evaporated fruits have brought a 
very low price; yet the industry compares 
favorably with others in regard to remunera¬ 
tion. Nobody should engage in it, however, 
who is in a hurry to get rich. 
Outario county, according to Mr. E. 
Bronson’s report, has now reached the point 
where the fruit crop is larger than all other- 
crops combined. Currants give good- profits. 
The Golden Queen raspberry is quite hardy, 
and good for home use. No crop is more re¬ 
munerative than cherrirs. Windsor is yet 
among the best of its kind. It sold for 25 
cents per pound in Eastern markets. It is 
free from rot. Imperfect cultivation of avail¬ 
able markets, faulty distribution of fruit 
crops, want of proper sorting and of packing 
in attractive shape are the chief causes of un- 
remunerative prices. Vermont Beauty is 
named os a good pear, McIntosh- Red and 
Long field as good apples, and Yellow St. John 
as an early yellow-fleshed peach. 
Mr. C. H. Perkins, of Newark, a large 
dealer and exporter, in replying to an inquiry 
about foreign markets, bitterly censures West¬ 
ern New York methods of packing and ship¬ 
ping, and says Western New York produces 
and mighc ship the best fruit in the world, 
and be well paid. Pony barrels, nail kegs, 
and packages differing widely in width of 
head and length of stave won’t do. Canada 
sends uniform barrels holding plump three 
bushels, and the fine fruit of Western New 
York should be shipped to Europe in similar 
uniform packages. When Mr. Perkins has 
sent his own men to put up the apples, ne has 
made money on them; when he bought apples 
already put up he generally lost. Members 
emphasize the necessity of thoroughly shaking 
the apples when packing for export, and of 
heaping the barrels more than for domestic 
market; also of keeping the barrels dry after 
packing. It is said that Western New York 
apples for export are often branded “Canada 
Apples.” 
Cook’s apple-picker (made in Byron, N. Y.) 
was favorably spoken of by many growers, 
who think apples can be gathered with it as 
well as by hai.d and at half the cost. One of 
these machines, with five men. in a common 
orchard, can gather 200 barrels in a day. 
Price of machine $50. One member says it 
is as good for pears and plums as for apples; 
but it takes good men, not green help. 
Spraying all fiuit trees (not apple only) is 
urged by Mr. Chas A. Green, who thinks that 
a spoonful cf Paris-green to 40 gallons of 
water is about the right proportion. Mr. S. 
D W'illard makes his druggist put Paris-green 
up for him in three-ounce packages he uses 
one of them to 40 gallons of water, and says 
it is quite enough. 
For the cultivation of plums for market, Mr. 
S. D. Willard names as requisite “best trees 
regardless of cost,” attention to adaptability 
of soil, thorough cultivation and liberality in 
the use of manures, and proper regard to the 
warn s of the available markets. Reine Claude 
is a fine plum, good for canning, but canner¬ 
ies are hardly ever willing to pay as much as 
can be got elsewhere. The tree is not a rugged 
one, and is rather short-lived. It is especially 
subject to thecurculio, hence it is often not 
profitable. Lombard is good; the newer Sian- 
ton gives great promise. The jarring process, 
if persistently followed for some weeks, will 
save the crop from the curculio The spraying 
method is safe only in very careful hands as 
the foliage is very sensitive, and subject to in¬ 
jury by burning. Green aphis is bad on 
plums. Leaf blight is often very destructive. 
Good culture and properly enriched soil are 
the best preventives. The knife and fire yet 
constitute the only known sure remedy for 
black knot. More care is required in hand¬ 
ling plums than is generally given; when 
properly handled and marketed, the crop will 
pay. Plum trees in poultry yards are not 
troubled with curculio. Shallow culture is 
best. The Horse plum stock is a good one. 
Mr Willard would not use the Wild Goose 
stock, or grow Wild Goose plums where bet¬ 
ter kinds succeed. He believes in setting the 
trees rather close. The more food you give 
plum trees, the more and better are the plums. 
Mr. Green says manure is just the cause of 
Mr. Willard’s success in plum culture. 
In au essay on Chautauqua Vineyards, Mr. 
Watson names Concord as yet leading all 
other grapes. Worden. Moore’s Early, Pock- 
lington, Brighton, and the new Moyer are 
much liked and grown. 
As the best early variety of grapes, promi¬ 
nent grape-men name Moyer, Brighton, 
Worden, Rogers’s No. 14, Wyoming Red, Green 
Mountain, and Winchell. 
The drift of the discussions on “ Methods of 
Cold-storage and Construction of Buildings,” 
indicates that dead air-spaces have been 
found superior to sawdust packing, and that 
building paper is better and cheaper than 
other materials for partitions between the 
spaces. By a system of sub-earth ventilation 
the temperature in a hill-side cellar or storage- 
room may be kept uniformly at 45 degrees. 
Prof. Cook, of Michigan, in an excellent 
lecture on “Insects and Insecticides,” urges the 
use of London-purple instead of Paris-green or 
whito arsenic—one pound to 200 gallons of 
water. It should be put on after the blossoms 
have fallen from the latest tree (Northern 
Spy). A sufficient quantity of the liquid 
must be applied with considerable force to 
make thorough work. He recommends the 
Field force-pump with the Moody attachment 
as giving the best satisfaction. It throws the 
liquid on the trees with a tremendous dash, 
just as it should. To protect apples against the 
attacks of the curculio, plant plums iu the 
apple orchard, then spray the plum trees 
with London-purple solutions repeatedly and 
thoroughly to save the plums. Spraying is a 
much better remedy for the curculio than 
jarring. Another sura remedy for the cur 
culio is a mixture of crude carbolic acid and 
plaster (one pint to 50 pounds) thrown over 
the trees. This also is better than jar¬ 
ring. For aphis, apple tree bark louse, 
scab louse, tbrips, etc., Prof. Cook recom¬ 
mends the kerosene emulsion as a sure and 
safe cure. It is made by churning a quarter 
of a pound of hard or one quart of soft soap, 
one pint of kerosene and two quarts of water 
until an emulsion is formed. This is diluted 
with water (one to 15) and should be thrown 
on with force. A carbolic acid emulsion is 
recommended as a tree wash for keeping out 
the flat-headed borer, and for killing bark 
lice and perhaps other insects. Concerted ac¬ 
tion of peach-growers is needed to fight the 
peach tree borer with lasting success. The 
trees should be examined in September and 
again in May, and the borers should, each 
time, be cut out. The only sure way of pro¬ 
tecting radishes from maggots is to grow 
them in cold-frames covered with cloth. 
The “ Canning Industry” was treated by 
Mr. Curtice of Rochester, who states that the 
supply of fruits of fine quality does not keep 
up with the demand. Cherries and plums 
pay well. The sorts wanted for canning are 
Bigarreau, Spanish and Napoleon cherries; 
Imperial Gage, Monroe, Egg and Reine Claude 
plums; Bartlett pears; Wilson strawberries, 
Dutch currants; of peaches any good yellow- 
fleshed fruit, Crawford, Wager, Allen, 
Foster, etc. Prof. Caldwell, of Cornell Uni¬ 
versity, in the Report of the Committee on 
“ Chemistry ’ spoke strongly in favor of ni¬ 
trates, as also did Mr. Joseph Harris in his pa¬ 
per on “Manures for the Orchaid and Garden.” 
Nitrates should be applied in small quantities, 
and only as fast as the plants can take them 
up. With sulphate of amiuoJa, however, 
there is little danger of loss. 
As it is expected that the incoming admin¬ 
istration will appoint a new Commissioner or 
a Secretary of Agriculture, the society by 
unanimous vote recommended Mr. J. S. Wood¬ 
ward, of Lcckport, for the position. 
A Convincing Quintette. 
We want to make several statements iu re¬ 
gard to Compound Oxygen but are restrained 
to limits of time and space. 
In other words you have not the time and 
we lack the space, so we stand aside for our 
patients. Observe what they say of us: 
Mrs. S. M. Anthony in reply to query in 
the Housekeeper, of Minneapolis, Minn., issuo 
of July 15, 1888. 
Mrs. W. E. Eddy. —“I have used Com¬ 
pound Oxygen several years for lung trouble. 
I believe it will cure consumption if taken in 
time. Durhamville, Mrs S. M. Anthony. 
Philadelphia, Pa., April 15, 1 0 85. 
“To make a long story short, my health 
was fully restored ” 
Rev. Victor L. Conrad. 
Editor of Lutheran Observer. 
Rochester, N Y., Jan 11,18S4. 
“ I began the u-e of Compound Oxjgen and 
have much reason to be grateful for it/’ 
Rev. Chas. W. Cushing. 
Philadelphia, Pa. 
“Thanking you for renewed health, strength, 
and the hope of years of comfortable life, I 
remain your grateful friend.” 
Hon. Wm. D. Kelley. 
Chicago, Ill., April 24, 1886. 
* 1 You ask my opinion of Compound Oxy¬ 
gen; perseveringly and continuously used, it 
will work wonders.— Chicago Inter-Ocean. 
William Penn Nixon. 
We publish a brochure of 200 pages, regard¬ 
ing the effect of Compound Oxygen on inva¬ 
lids suffering from consumption, asthma, bron¬ 
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debility, rheumatism, neuralgia; all chronic 
and nervous disorders. It will be sent, free of 
charge, to any one addressing DRS. Starkey 
& Palen, 1529 Arch St., Philadelphia, Pa., or 
331 Montgomery St.,San Francisco, Cal —Adv. 
£1 )c (Sttriint, 
SMALL FRUITS FOR FAMILY USE. 
PRES. T. T. LYON. 
A List of fruits selected for home use,should, 
beyond question, be chosen with primary ref¬ 
erence to quality. Vigor, productiveness, size 
and beauty are all desirable qualities, even 
for the purpose specified; still the children’s 
clubs will find lodgment in the “ best tree,” 
rather than in that yielding the largest or 
most beautiful fruit. 
THE STRAWBERRY. 
This must, of course, head the list, as the 
earliest of fruits. There are a number of very 
early varieties of fair quality but so very 
small or so persistently unproductive as to be 
essentially disqualified for a place on even the 
family list. The earliest fairly productive 
berry of good quality, among the more than 
MAR S 
200 varieties which I have tested, so far, is 
Alpha, a seedling of the late Charles Arnold, 
of Ontario, Canada. Duncan is another older 
variety, of fine quality, satisfactory size and 
productiveness, which closely follows, and 
occasionally even precedes the foregoing. If 
we follow these with Bidwell, Bubach, Bel¬ 
mont and Mount Vernon, with perhaps Wilson 
for canning, the season for this fruit may be 
made to last at least four weeks; or, in lati¬ 
tude 43°, from June 1st to July 1st; possibly 
longer. 
RED RASPBERRIES. 
The earliest of these in most seasons, is 
Hansell, closely followed by the sweet and 
delicate Turner. These followed ny Cuthbert 
and a few plants of Golden Queen, for variety 
of color, will fully cover the season of this 
fruit. I am not a little surprised to learn 
that so sound and judicious a horticulturist as 
President Smith, of the Wisconsin Horticul¬ 
tural Society, puts forward the. with me, 
third or fourth-quality, Marlboro, for home 
use. I regard it as scarctly fit for the mar¬ 
ket, save, perhaps, in appearance. 
BLACK-CAPS. 
These will be in season with the later red 
raspberry. The earliest is Souhegan or Tyler, 
the two being, for all practical purposes, iden¬ 
tical. The old Doolittle is, however, but two 
or three days later; while it is iu most re¬ 
spects superior. Follow these with Hilborn 
for the medium crop, and close the season with 
Mammoth Cluster, and perhaps Nemaha. 
Gregg, which is by some commended for home 
use, is a typical, low-grade, market berry, dry 
and poor in flavor, with only size and ability 
to bear rough handling to recommend it. 
New Rochelle and Shaffer are purple varie¬ 
ties akin to the black caps, and ripeniug with 
them. Although not attractive in color, they 
are of good quality and of especial value for 
canning. 
DEWBERRIES 
are in season nearly with the earlier black¬ 
caps, continuing till the advent of their near 
relation the blackberry. The only variety 
yet generally successful is the Lucretia. 
THE BLACKBERRY 
season commences before the raspberries are 
past, and practically closes the season of the 
cultivated small fruits, if we except currauts 
and gooseberries. Early Harvest is the first 
to ripen. There is a wide difference as to the 
hardiness, and consequently as to the value of 
this variety. In Southern Illinois, where it is 
said to have originated, it is hardy; while in 
Michigan, and many other localities, both 
East and West, it proves to be extremely 
tender. This discrepancy may perchance be 
explained, by supposing, as it is alleged, that 
Brunton—a similarly early, but tender va¬ 
riety—has been disseminated uuder this name. 
Kittatinny is the largest and best variety 
available to take the second place on the list; 
but it will require protection against very 
low winter temperatures Ancient Briton 
will perhaps take this place at the West, 
where greater hardiness is required, although 
it has a tendency to excessive productiveness, 
and the fruits are consequently liable to be 
small. Taylor, as the latest good variety, 
will close the blackberry season. It is hardy 
in production and of excellent flavor. 
CURRANTS 
are in season with the later raspberries and 
blackberries, and are usually used in a green 
state even earlier. Modern improvements of 
this fruit are only manifest in increased size. 
Red Dutch, one of the oldest varieties, still 
claims the meed, among old varieties, of su¬ 
perior quality; while White Dutch success¬ 
fully asserts its claim to superiority over all 
others for rich mild flavor. Victoria is slight¬ 
ly later in ripening, and for this reason, and on 
account of its comparative exemption from 
the attacks of the borer, it may properly fill a 
niche in the list for family use. White Grape 
is slightly larger than White Dutch, but of 
lower quality. This, together with Cherry, 
Versaillaise, and perhaps the new Fay cur¬ 
rant also, is mainly valued as a market variety, 
whose superior size attracts the fancy of the 
greedy city purchaser. 
GOOSEBERRIES 
correspond, in season with currants. Al¬ 
though almost universally used before ripen¬ 
ing, it is believed that they would be found 
even more desirable if allowed to ripen before 
they are used. The large and attractive En- 
PijscdlanMu.* gMvMijtsing. 
When Baby nos sick, we gave her Ca.scoria. 
When she was a Child, she cried for Castorfa, 
T\ hen she became Mias, she clung to Castor!^ 
When she had Children, she gave them Castorla 
