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VOL XLVIII NO, 2041 NEW YORK, MARCH 9, 1889, 
[Entered according to Act of Congress, in the Year 1889, by the Rural New-Yorker, In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington.J 
PRICE FIVE CENTS, 
$2.00 PER YEAR. 
A VIEW IN THE RURAL GROUNDS. 
HE present illustration is en¬ 
graved from an imperfect 
pbotograph. Still it shows 
quite we'll what it is designed 
to show, viz., the mingling 
and grouping of deciduous 
and evergreen trees in a pleasing and effective 
way so as, at the same time, to conceal bound¬ 
ary lines. Grounds, even though very limited, 
may be so planted as to give a different view 
from almost every change of position. This 
is strikingly exemplified by photographic 
views. The Rural Grounds (proper) are but 
a trifle over two acres in extent, and yet there 
is such a variety of trees, shrubs, arbors, 
walks and lawns, so many little hills and val¬ 
leys, that scores of different views might be 
taken, no two of which would be recognized by 
the stranger as a part of each other. This is a 
point well worth studying by those who are 
arranging new grounds or who intend to do 
so. Few, without experience, are aware to 
what an extent a small place may be made to 
present an ever-interesting, ever-changing 
appearance, by a judicious arrangement of 
plants wisely selected. The small evergreen 
tree in the middle of the picture is a Small¬ 
leaved Hemlock (microphylla). Behind it is 
Nordmann’s Fir, back of which is a Pyra¬ 
midal oak (Quercus rober fastigiata) and va¬ 
rious shrubs. On the left of the path are a 
Golden retipispora, a Weeping Norway 
spruce, a Maiden-hair tree (Salisburia adian- 
tifolia) roses, lilacs, etc. On the extreme 
right is a White Pine which has been cut back 
for several years and which is now as thickly 
clothed with foliage as a Common Hemlock. 
The lawn in the foreground slopes gently to 
the east. 
The photograph was taken in early spring. 
£axm 0£0ttcmtij. 
TWO DESIGNS FOR THREE-HORSE 
POLES. 
(See page 158.) 
A NEW YORK METHOD. 
The sight of the device shown at Fig. 8 on 
page 35, of the Rural, induces me to give an 
illustration of the three-horse thills, whiffle- 
trees and neck-yokes that I have used for 
several years with much satisfaction. Each 
horse has to do his share of the work, and no 
shirking is permitted, as is very often the 
case when the draft is stationary. 
In the drawing—see Fig. 55—A A represent 
the thills; B B B are three single whiffletrees; 
C is a two-horse evener or whiffletree; D is a 
three-horse evener or whiffletree; E is a 
2>£-inch plank made to fit the hounds to a 
wagon and halved and fitted on top of the 
cross-pieces and bolted with four half-inch 
bolts; F F are neck-yokes. G G are turning 
bolts The whiffletrees to be used for any pur¬ 
pose without the^thills are the same as those on 
the thills, only the three horse evener has a 
clevis for chain, plow,'harrow,'etc. B. M. G. 
A MICHIGAN DEVICE. 
In a recent Rural I saw a three-horse pole 
which 1 think is very crude, as it is rigged; 
for while one horse may be doing all it can, 
the other two may be doing almost nothing. I 
send a sketch of my three-horse rig, with 
which I have been hauling some very heavy 
loads. (It is shown at Fig. 54). With it I 
consider three horses abreast equal to four, 
two on the pole and two to lead. The wagon 
I use is a heavy farm truck with four-inch 
tires, rigged for two horses. I took out the 
pole, made a stub, A, to fit in the hounds, B; 
then I made a pair of,straight thills 12 feet 10 
inches full length, 2 feet 10 inches over all at 
the cross-bar, and clipped them to the axle- 
tree at C C. I have a set of Gale equalizers, 
but they are too light for heavy work, so I 
made a heavy set that would stand heavy 
work. I think that as a three-horse rig this 
device has no equal. Every horse has to do 
his share. The neck-yoke is five feet four 
inches long, has rings fitted to each thill, aad 
a ring at each end aod two in the center three 
inches apart to let the pole strap draw in the 
center; the hold-back irons should be set 10 
inches trom the end so that if one horse backs 
up and the other goes ahead, he cannot throw 
the neck-yoke off the thills. Three good 1,200- 
pound horses on a fair road will haul five 
tons without any trouble with this arrange¬ 
ment. I*. L. DAVISON. 
Grand Blanc, Mich. 
A MASSACHUSETTS HOG TROUGH. 
At Fig. 50 is shown an excellent hog trough 
with a swinging cover, which has the follow¬ 
ing advantages over those ^ordinarily^used: 
1. It is so placed in the partition that a hog 
cannot get into it or even place his feet in it 
with any comfort whatever; hence it is always 
much cleaner than a trough which is wholly 
inside the pen. 2. It affords great ease and 
convenience in feeding or in cleaning it from 
refuse feed or accidental filth, the swinging 
cover shutting away the hogs while the trough 
is being cleaned from the outside, and, more¬ 
over, feed can be placed safely in it without 
spilling it on anxious heads or noses. 3. 
Whether the cover be swung out or in, the 
trough may be as tight as the partition itself, 
and no current of air can blow upon the ani¬ 
mals should the trough open from the outside 
of a building. It is very simple, and readily 
constructed. Make a common V-shaped trough 
out of two-inch planks one foot wide, letting 
the end pieces extend an inch or more higher 
than the sides, to give a place for holes for 
the bolts which serve as hinges of the cover. 
Make the latter out of the same plank and 
just the length of the inside measure of the 
trough, witn two triangular pieces firmly 
nailed, one at each end, with holes bored to 
correspond with holes in the ends of the trough. 
Fasten the cover to the trough with suitable 
bolts; set the trough lengthwise of, and 
directly under the opening in the par¬ 
tition cut to receive it. Nail it there firmly, 
and with a button to hold the cover back 
while the hogs are feeding, the article is finish¬ 
ed. A. A. R. 
Mt. Hermou, Mass. 
CORN-DRILL. 
(See page 158.) 
At Fig. 57 is shown a two-horse corn-drill 
used in the West for planting sod. It is not 
PHOTOGRAPHIC VIEWS IN THE RURAL GROUNDS, CONTINUED. Fig, 53, 
