<880 
THE RURAL flEW-VORKER. 
283 
A FIGHT WITH THE MICROBES OF 
LUNG PLAGUE. 
DR. JAMES LAW. 
(Continued from, Page 219.) 
In carrying out the work of extinction of 
lung plague in Cook County, the district 
was mapped out into eight divisions with 
clearly defined boundaries, so that nothing 
should be overlooked, and a veterinarian was 
placed in charge of each division; each be¬ 
came responsible for his own division, made 
a succession of house-to-house examinations 
of the entire district, and with the assistance 
of two helpers, sworn in as deputy sheriffs, 
marked every bovine animal with an ear tag 
bearing a given number by which such 
animal was registered, with its personal de¬ 
scription, stall and owner on our records at 
the office. If on a subsequent visit more or 
fewer cattle than at first were found in any 
herd, the animals must still correspond to our 
office records, the new arrivals must corres¬ 
pond in description and number of ear tag 
with those entered on our records as 3ent to 
this particular herd by permit, and the defi¬ 
ciency must likewise correspond in tag num¬ 
bers to those shown by our books to have 
been sent on permit to an abattoir and 
slaughtered. All movement of cattle from 
herd to herd within the quarantined area 
was stopped. Cattle might be introduced 
by permit from a healthy source outsido 
and by a prescribed route direct to their des¬ 
tination, but they must stay there until sent 
to slaughter or until the quarantine should be 
raised. Apart from this, all fresh cattle 
going to stables within the quarantined area 
must come direct from the Union Stock- 
yards. The Stock-Yards company provided 
that no cattle should be admitted from Cook 
County, but that only such as came by rail, 
from outside the county, and from healthy 
districts should obtain access. This they car¬ 
ried out faithfully; indeed, any admission of 
Cook County cattle would have been the 
death sentence of the yards for all store cat¬ 
tle, as no one would have ventured to pur¬ 
chase and make additions to his home herd 
from an infected market. But we did not 
need to rely on the stock-yard employes alone 
for the exclusion of infected and exposed 
cattle. The city Board of Health had an in¬ 
spector constantly at the gate to look after 
the question of diseased meat, and to put the 
question beyond doubt a Government employ<5 
was placed at each gate to prevent all iDgress 
of cattle, and to apply ear-tags and give per¬ 
mits with all cattle passing out and destined 
to the quarantined stables. This employ £ at 
the stock-yard was furnished with a list of 
stables that had been emptied by slaughter 
and disinfected and those that had been other¬ 
wise attestod as free from infection, and to 
these only was he authorized to grant permits. 
Every morning he furnished the office with 
a duplicate of all permits granted by him the 
previous day, and these together with those 
granted at the main office, were arranged in 
groups according to location, and deputies 
were furnished with lists of herds to which 
they had been sent, that they might return to 
the office a full description of the cattle in 
such herds with their tag numbers, for com¬ 
parison with the permits granted the preced¬ 
ing day. If a discrepancy appeared the per¬ 
son who obtained the permit was held respon¬ 
sible and could be prosecuted or punished by 
the withholding of all future permits, or both. 
For some time, until we got all cattle tagged 
and registered, the law was evaded in isolated 
cases, but ns soon as the record was complete 
the system worked admirably. Unscrupulous 
and evil-disposed dealers soon learned that 
the Nemesis of fate followed closely on the 
heels of every such contravention, and as the 
judges loyally sustained the law in its letter 
aud spirit, offenders were compelled to make 
a virtue of necessity and to respect and obey 
the statute. From this on we had no trouble 
from the surreptitious introduction of cattle 
into quarantined herds. 
Another point of no less importance was 
the system of permits by which alone quar¬ 
antined cattle could be sent to slaughter, and 
the obligation of the butcher to kill such only 
in the presence of a Government veterinary 
inspector. By a strict appliance of this rule 
aud a holding of the owner or custodian to 
account for the disappearance of any animal 
except in accordance therewith, we insured 
that no diseased animals could be smuggled 
away, and that even chronic cases of the 
disease comiug from an apparently sound 
herd would be discovered aud recorded. 
Then there was a standiug rule that whenever 
any case of lung plague, acute or chronic, was 
furnished bv n herd, that .herd sliouldjee^at 
once purchased and slaughtered and the 
premises disinfected. But as it was almost 
invariably the case that, prior to the applica¬ 
tion of our systematic method, any such in¬ 
fected herd had been in contact with other ad¬ 
jacent herds, on the open commons, such ad¬ 
jacent herds were, as a rule, dealt with in the 
same way. In the majority of cases the 
slaughter of such adjoining herds furnished 
evidence of disease, which justified the pre¬ 
cautionary measure, and thus not only the 
infected herd but the locality was at once 
purged of the infection. Then as to pastur¬ 
age: whenever a stock-owner had a fenced 
pasture to which his cattle could go without 
becoming exposed on any unfenced ground, 
there was no restriction, but if they had to 
pass over open ground, even if it were no 
more than crossing the street, such movement 
could only be made under a permit and un¬ 
der the precautions requisite to avoid infection 
of themselves or others. No permit was given 
to pasture on land that was not well and se¬ 
curely fenced. 
Under such a system as this it could only be 
a question of time when the last vestige of 
infection would be destroyed and the country 
and State freed from the suspicion and re¬ 
striction. The success came sooner than we 
had reason to hope, for on the 28th of July the 
last acute case of the disease was met with, 
and after this we had only to keep a sharp 
look-out for chronic cases in the slaughter¬ 
house, until all cattle that had been in the in¬ 
fected area prior to the inauguration of our 
work and had ever been probably exposed to 
infection had been disposed of. That accom¬ 
plished there was nothing left, even of a 
chronic nature, from which a new outbreak 
could originate, and the lung plague can only 
start anew when introduced from without. 
A year ago I hoped that it might be possible 
practically to extirpate the disease from 
New York before I had to leave the work 
last September; but the drawbacks were so 
many and potent, (above all the adverse 
decisions given in the courts, the need for 
new legislation, and the failure of the appro¬ 
priation) that it was impossible to realize this 
hope. In spite* of all these draw-backs, I had 
the satisfaction of seeing Staten Island freed 
from the plague, Westchester and New York 
almost purged of its presence and Long Island 
alone remaining subject to inspection and an 
example of the unwise opposition of its mis¬ 
guided people—the first place on the Contin¬ 
ent to receive the infection and the last proba¬ 
bly in both State and Nation to be freed from 
its grasp. In 30 years this lung plague has 
never been circumscribed to such narrow 
limits, and never has the duty been more easy 
or more urgent to complete its suppression. 
3nt>wsfl Bocuius. 
THE TWENTY-SECOND SESSION OF THE 
AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL 
SOCIETY. 
(R. N.-Y. SHORT-HAND REFORT.) 
More about orange culture ; great , recent 
and prospective increase of the industry ; 
lemon culture in Florida. 
wrapping $120,000; labor of gathering and 
packing $600,000; total cost of preparing 
fruit for market about $1,140,000. To this 
the cost of cultivation, fertilizers, packing¬ 
houses, teams, tram-roads, tools, implements, 
etc., must, of course, be added. Then when 
we realize that not more than one-fiftieth of 
the orange trees in Florida are bearing, the 
possible and probable future development of 
this industry seems amazing. We now im¬ 
port about 3,000,000 boxes annually. Cal¬ 
ifornia produces about 700,000 boxes, and 
Louisiana two or three hundred thousand 
more. This brings the total consumption of 
oranges in the United States to 7,000,000 
boxes a year. If all the trees now planted in 
this country come into bearing, the supply 
will exceed the present demand. 
Dr. J. D. Neal then followed with some re¬ 
marks on the disease known as “ root-knot,” 
which is quite troublesome at the South. He 
showed a small peach tree and other plants 
affected, the roots of each being a mass of 
hard, knotty excrescences. He said the sandy 
soil of the South was much subject to the dis¬ 
ease. In each of the knots are found millions 
of microscopic worms, he said. 
An interesting paper on “ Lemon Culture 
in Florida, ” by H. S. Kidney,of Winter Park, 
was presented to the Secretary. The Villa 
Franca and Belair Premium are the best 
among the choicer kinds and most profitable 
to grow. Two-thirds of the groves are of these 
varieties. “ I advise budding upon the sweet 
or sour orange, the latter the better. Lem¬ 
ons require more moisture than oranges; they 
should be planted closer—only 15x20 feet apart. 
Plenty of shade is needed; and with it rust 
is more apt to^be avoided. Five-year-old 
trees should be 10 to 15 feet high and equally 
broad. They should then begin to bear, yield¬ 
ing an average of a quarter to a half-box, 
doubling the yield annually until they pro¬ 
duce about eight boxes of fruit when 12 years 
old. There are usually two crops each year, 
one ripe in July and August, another in 
October and November. The tree is less liable 
to disease than the orange. Florida lemons 
always bring a high price, averaging $2.50 to 
$4. per box, and I am very hopeful for the 
profits of lemon culture here.” 
worn at any season of the year and will not 
be out of place. A fresh ruching, a bright 
bow at the throat, or neat white collar and 
cuffs will brighten and freshen it'up wonder¬ 
fully. 1 heard a lady say to another one day: 
“ How is it you always look so nice? I 
Pis'celkttfimsi 
oW 
§Kin8j§)0alp 
Diseases 
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T he most distressing forms of skin and 
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o oi l age, are sp edlly, economically and pertr.a 
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other remedies and methods fail. 
Cuticura. the great Skin Cure, and Cut'CUBA So at, 
an exquisite Skin Beautifler, prepared from it, ex 
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Purifier, internally, cure every form of skin and blood 
disease from pimples to scrofula. 
Sold everywhere. Price. CUTICUR*. 50c ; Soap. 2 -tc ; 
Resolvent. Si. Prepared by the Potter Drug and 
Chemical Co.. Boston, Mass. 
Send for “ How to Cure Skin Diseases.” 
XW Pimples, blackheads, chapped and oily skin _£1 
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t 
Relief in one minute, for all pains and weak 
nPSses , jn Ccticura Anti-Pain Plaster, the 
only pain-killing plaster. 25c. 
CENUINE PHILADELPHIA. 
1889. 
PRICES REDUCED! 
VPHIBipEIiPHI^ 
Lawn Mower 
Fourteen Sizes and Styles tor Hand Use, 
Weighing from ’21 to 51 lbs. THREE SIZ KS 
FOR HORSE POWER. Lawn Sweepers, 
Grass Edgers, &c. 
GRAHAM. EWLEN & PASSMORE, 
Patentees and Manufacturers, 
631 Market Street, Philadelphia. Penn’a. 
Domestic economy The Worcester Buckeye Mower 
CONDUCTED BY MRS. AGNES E. M. CARMAN. 
DRESS. 
During the last evening session George R. 
Fairbanks read a highly interesting essay ou 
‘The Orange Industry of the United States 
from a Commercial Staudpotnt.” The enthu- 
siattic orange growers evidently realized that 
it is very seldom the Northern members of 
the great pomological family ever come to the 
citrus region, aud that they had better 
make the most of their visit. Hence the va¬ 
rious and exhaustive papers on the orange, 
lemon, etc. Mr. Fairbanks spoke of the early 
history of the orange in Florida; how the 
seeds were brought by the French and Span¬ 
ish explorers over 300 years ago at the settle¬ 
ment of St. Augustine and later. Soon after 
the territory was ceded to the United States 
a few groves along the coast aud the St. 
John’s river were planted. Zephaniah Kings¬ 
ley, an Englishman, became the leading 
grower at that time, and a small quantity of 
the fruit found its way North by small coast¬ 
ing vessels. Wi :h the advent of steam vessels 
and railways came the first commercial im¬ 
petus to this industry. 
Where there are now over 10,000 orange 
groves, there were only a few hundred 20. 
years ago. A well-established mature grove 
can be relied upon to produce $300 per acre, 
even at one dollar a box. Orange growing is 
the most compact and productive of all ag¬ 
ricultural industries. A grove producing 
10,000 boxes will freight a train of 33 cars. 
The present annual orange product of Florida 
is estimated at 8,000,000 boxes—10,000 car¬ 
loads—which pay to the railways about 
$2,000,000 for freight. The box-stuff costs 
about $390,000; nails $30,000; paper .* for 
T HIS is the season when the thought of the 
new spring bonnet and gown is upper¬ 
most in the minds of fashion’s worshippers. 
“I must have something new for Easter’’ 
each exclaims. “But what ?” When Easter 
comes, the fortunate ones hie them to church 
to exhibit their new finery, and to “take in” 
what the others have on, while those who 
could not revel in a new gown and bonnet, 
remain at home still doing penance. 
Every one likes to be well dressed,as a mat¬ 
ter of course, but there are many who are 
never well-dressed, no matter how much 
money they spend upon their personal adorn¬ 
ment, for they lack that most essential of all 
things— taste. No one can be considered well- 
dressed, no matter how costly the apparel, 
who is dressed in such a way as to attract 
universal attention. A true lady, one of in¬ 
nate refinement, will eschew for street wear, 
bright, glaring colors and striking or gaudy 
millinery. A person may be considered well- 
dressed who gives the impression of perfect 
harmony; who makes one feel that her toilet 
is complete, even though we cannot specify 
what she has on. 
I was making a call a short time ago when 
the gentleman of the house said, “Oh 1 I saw 
Alice to day and she looked beautiful.” 
“What did she have on?” asked his wife, 
woman-like. 
“Oh 1 I don’t know,” he replied “something 
soft and gray and sheeny—anyhow she looked 
lovely.” 
“That’s just like you men,” said his wife, 
“Now I’d have known exactly what she 
wore.” 
That woman was evidently a well-dressed 
woman. She left the impression on all that 
she looked “ lovely ” and that is all that is 
necessary. She may have had on a garmemt 
made of some simple material, inexpensive, 
yet made in good taste. 
If you cannot afford to have many dresses, 
get something dark, and plain for what you 
have. If you get a bine, red, or green dress 
and are compelled to wear it almost constant¬ 
ly, people will soon come to kuow you by 
your frock; while if you get a black or dark 
brown or gray, you can wear it steadily for 
many months wittiout attracting attention 
thereby. It is) well to ;have always a good 
black dress for a “ stand-oy.” This can,be 
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Always maintaining the Shear Cut. 
A New Scythe Will Not Break at Heel. 
A’new device for carrying the weight of Cutter Bar 
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has these Improvements. 
Keep up With the Times and buy 
the Worcester Buckeye. 
The Worcester Buckeye will he exhibited at the 
annual fle’d trial of implements at Elmira. N. Y., 
April Uth and 12th, 1889. Don’t fall to see It. Send 
for 1889’catalogues. 
Agents Wanted in Unoccupied Territory. 
THE RICHARDSON MANUF’G CO., 
Worcester, Mass. 
Do what you can when you cannot do 
what you would. 
Warner’s Log Cabin PLASTER?*. 
will immediately relieve the pain in your 
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Ol ODD FARM FOR SALE—In South Ant- 
Ol,4UU hirst, Mass., the farm owned by the late 
Benjamin Root, containing 43 acres of good land, 
suitably divided, cuts 20 tons hay. abundance of ap¬ 
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bouse, barn and other buildings: two never failing 
wells of water, and running water Ihrough the pas¬ 
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lot of 10 Acres will be sold with tha place If desired. 
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P. MARIA ROOT, A dm., White street. Spring- 
field. Mass. 
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Sole’ Manufacturers. New York Office, 139 and 191 
Water Street; Boston Office, 38 South Market Street. 
