4889 
THE RORAf. MEW-YORKIR. - 294 
CATALOGUES, ETC., RECEIVED. 
T he constitution of milk, and 
SOME OF THE CONDITIONS,WHICH 
AFFECT THE SEPARATION OF CREAM. 
—This is the title of Bulletin No. 18 of the 
Wisconsin Experiment station. It was pre¬ 
pared by Professor S. M. Babcock, and, as 
the R. N.-Y. stated two weeks ago, is one of 
the most important dairy) publications that 
has been recently issued. Starting with^the 
assertion that the manufacture of butter is 
one of the oldest industries of the country, 
and is hardly exceeded in money value by 
any other manufacturing interest, Professor 
Babcock goes on to say that this vast busi¬ 
ness is still conducted almost entirely by un¬ 
skilled labor, while every other business has 
been developed and systematized to a won¬ 
derful degree. Doubtless many of our farm¬ 
ers’ wives and daughters will not relish this 
statement. But do they really perform “skill¬ 
ed labor ?” The skilled mechanic knows not 
only how to put the parts of his machine to¬ 
gether, but he knows about the composition 
of the metals,how the polishing is done,where 
strength is needed—in fact,he is master of his 
machine because he can absolutely trace each 
part from the crude ore or the growing tree. 
Should the really skilled dairyman know less 
than this about his business ? Should he have 
anything to guess or should he know what 
milk is, what cream is, why cream separates 
from milk, why and how milk sours and 
under what conditions cream yields up but¬ 
ter ? If it is possible to know any of these 
things, is it not likely that the dairyman who 
masters them has a clearer right to the title of 
“skilled worker,” than th$ dairyman who 
ignores them ? It seems to the R. N.-Y. that 
Professor Babcock must have had something 
of this idea in mind when he devised the plan 
of stating in the simplest manner possible, 
facts connected with the mechanical and 
chemical constitution of milk and cream. We 
cannot give the entire bulletin here. We 
have space for only a few of the more impor¬ 
tant conclusions. We most earnestly com¬ 
mend the bulletin to those dairy people who 
wish to study the principles of their business 
and so inform themselves that they may 
“know just what they are doing.” The R. N.- 
Y. is of the opinion that our dairy readers 
will find a good deal to instruct them in the 
pamphlet. Here are the conclusions. Their 
real value will be brought out by tracing them 
through the long line of experiments that lead 
up to them. This one may do in the pam¬ 
phlet under review. 
PRACTICAL DEDUCTIONS. 
1st. The milk should be disturbed as little 
as possible before it is set, and should be 
strained directly into the creaming vessel, im¬ 
mediately after milking. It is bad policy to 
strain milk into a large can and dip the milk 
into other vessels for creaming, as the agita¬ 
tion and exposure to air occasioned by such 
practice promotes the clotting of the fibr n 
and prevents a thorough separation of the 
cream 
2nd. The ma enal of which the creaming 
vessel is made should have a smooth surface 
and it should be a good conductor of heat. 
These conditions are best fulfilled by metal 
vessels, and practically tin is the best materi¬ 
al to use, as it is cheap, easily cleaned and not 
liable to rust. Neither wood, earthen nor 
glass vessels are to be recommended, as they 
are all poor conductors of heat. Wooden ves¬ 
sels are difficult to clean and lass or earthen 
vessels are easily broken, and the surface of 
wooden vessels is particularly favorable to 
the formation of fibrin clots. In comparative 
tests no vessels have given so good results as 
those made from tin. Were it not for the 
danger of corrosion with copper, this should 
be the best material from which to make 
creaming vessels, as it is a bttter conductor of 
heat tnan any other common metal. 
A tin vessel that is immersed in ice water 
quickly cools the milk that is in immediate 
contact with it to a point where coagulation 
of fibrin does not readily take place, and as 
the formation of clots begins at the sides of 
the vessel the coagulation is to a large extent 
prevented. In general, it is the clots which 
are in contact with and adhering to the sides 
of the vessel which are most detrimental, as 
clots which are not attached are mostly car¬ 
ried to the surface by the tat which is en¬ 
tangled in them. This explains why a large 
can that cools oil slowly will cream as well as, 
or even better than a small can that is rapidly 
cooled, as in such the .sides may be kept cool 
enough to prevent changes in the fibrin, while 
the mass of the milk is still moderately warm 
and offers the best physical conditions for the 
separation of the cream. 
2d. The ci earning vessel should have such 
a shape that the surface which is in contact 
with the milk shall be as small as possible in 
proportion to tne amount of milk; this condi¬ 
tion would be best fulfilled by a spherical 
vessel but a vessel of this form, would be in¬ 
convenient in practice and will not be con¬ 
sidered. The next best form is cylindrical. 
In such a vessel the ratio of surface to volume 
will diminish as the size of the cylinder in¬ 
creases and, so'far as this one factor is con¬ 
cerned, the larger the cylinder the better; but 
there are practical considerations which limit 
the size of the creaming vessel. In the first 
place, its depth should be such as will permit 
the creaming to take place in a reasonable 
time. It is desirable in most dairies that the 
creaming be completed between milkings or 
in 10 or 12 hours,so that the same cans may be 
used at the next milking. It has been found 
in practice that this may be accomplished, un¬ 
der favorable, conditions with a depth of 20 
inches and this depth should not be much ex¬ 
ceeded. The diameter of the can may depend 
upon the number of milkers; it should not be 
so great as to prevent its being quickly fi led, 
but providing this can be done the larger the 
can the better. Where there are a number of 
milkers large cans may be used; but where 
there are only one or two milkers small cans 
should be chosen. In any case, it is not well 
to have a can so large that it cannot be con¬ 
veniently handled. 
CONCLUSION. 
1st. That milk when fresh is a perfect 
emulsion, the fat globules being free and 
without an envelop. 
2nd. That the chief differences in the com¬ 
position of normal milks are due to variations 
in the amount of fat, the remainder of the 
milk, known as the milk serum, being quite 
uniform in composition in all milks. The 
variation in the amount of serum solids in 
milk from the same cow, is rarely more than 
one half per cent., in milk from different 
cows of the same breed, it is usually less than 
one per cent., and in milk from cows of dif¬ 
ferent breeds not more than two and one half 
per cent. This holds true even when the fat 
varies as much as seven or eight per cent. 
3d. That milk contains a principle analo¬ 
gous to, or identical with blood fibrin, which 
is capable of spontaneous coagulation, the 
clots of which entangle the fat globules and to 
a considerable extent prevent an efficient 
creaming. 
4th. That the rpost efficient creaming is 
obtained when conditions are supplied which 
retard or prevent the coagulation of fibrin. 
This may, in practice, be best accomplished 
by setting the milk, directly after milking, in 
cold water (ice water is best), the creaming 
vessel to be of bright tin or other metal that 
can be easily kept clean. 
5th. When the milk is transported or when 
for any reason the setting must be delayed, 
no method of creaming gives as satisfactory 
results as the centrifugal. 
Superior Drain Tile.— It is always a 
pleasure to speak a good word for a reliable 
product that is supplied by a thoroughly re¬ 
putable house. We like to have our friends 
obtain such goods,because we know that they 
are by far the cheapest in the long run. The 
drain tile made by Jackson Bros, of Albany, 
N. Y.,surely come up to the standard we have 
indicated. The house is fully reliable, having 
been in business so long, and having based 
its reputation so fully on the excellence of its 
goods that words of commendation are en¬ 
tirely unnecessary. We cau only inform 
our readers that, if they want to purchase 
first-class tile, they cannot do better than to 
send to Jackson Brothers. 
Fertilizers. —The New Hampshire Exper¬ 
iment station director has issued two bulletins 
designed to serve as a primer and first reader 
in the science of chemical manuring. They 
are bright pamphlets, well written. 
Fencing and Ornate Wire-Work.— Cat¬ 
alogue from the Hulbert Fence & Wire Co., 
St Louis, Mo. A very neaf and handy little 
pamphlet containing the newest designs for 
ornamental aud practical fencings. The Hul¬ 
bert Company are extensive manufacturers 
aud their products are very popular—justly 
so, it seems to the R. N.-Y. 
Soils, Weather, Field Trials with 
Corn. —These topics are discussed by Chemist 
Schweitzer, in bulletin No. 5 of the Missouri 
Experiment Station. The experiments re¬ 
corded here seem to have been conducted with 
a great deal of thoroughness. Those who are 
in auy way interested in the study of soils 
will be glad to read the first half of this bulle¬ 
tin. 
Vermont Dairying.— The Nineteenth An¬ 
nual Report of the Vermont Dairymen’s Asso¬ 
ciation is sent by Secretary E. L. Bass, West 
Randolph, Vermont. This is an excellent 
pamphlet, well edited and packed with useful 
information. It coutaius, in full, the papers 
read at the last meeting of the association. 
The Rural gave a very full report of this 
meeting, and also gave the “ pedigrees ” of 
most of the samples of prize butter. 
C<wr. 
IS IT GENUINE? 
“ Every Man is presumed to know the Law. 
Nine-tenths of all Litigation arises from 
Ignorance of Law." 
A WATER-COURSE. 
H. G. O. E., Sandwich, Mass.— 1. A pur¬ 
chases a lot of land of B who, in the deed to 
A, provides that he (A), his heirs and assigns 
shall make and maintain forever the whole 
of the fence where said lot adjoins B’s land. 
Afterwards B sells the land adjoining A’s 
to C, making no reference to said fence. Is 
A by law obliged to make and maintain all 
said fence between him and all succeeding 
purchasers or owners; or will they or any of 
them be obliged to make one half? 
2. A purchases part of a swamp for the cul¬ 
tivation of cranberries. In flowing his meadow 
in winter and at other times, some adjoining 
land belonging to B is overflowed by the 
water from springs the only outlet for which 
is through A’s land. To prevent said over¬ 
flow and to avoid any claim for damage from 
B, A builds a dyke which prevents the over¬ 
flow but dams up the water from said springs 
in the adjoining land, which raises a perma¬ 
nent pond where there was before only an oc¬ 
casional overflow. Can the owner of said ad¬ 
joining land, C, after the building of the 
dyke, collect damage from A, or will he be 
obliged to find an outlet for said water at 
his own expense* An outlet can be had by 
a ditch around A’s cranberry meadow, a 
privilege for digging which would be readily 
granted. 
Ans. —1. An agreement to maintain a 
boundary or division fence is irrevocable, ex¬ 
cept by mutual consent or in some way pro¬ 
vided by statute. The covenant to erect and 
keep the fence in repair runs with the land 
and is binding on the covenantor, his heirs 
and assigns, even if no reference to it is 
made in the deed given to C. 2. A has no 
right,in order to benefit himself by construct¬ 
ing a cranberry bed and by providing against 
a suit by B, to injure C by making a perma¬ 
nent pond on his land. If he does so, he ren¬ 
ders himself liable for damages. He ought to 
pay for digging the trench around his cran¬ 
berry meadow and thus give the water an 
outlet without doing injury to any of his 
neighbors. 
TITLE OF LAND IN COPORATIONS. 
L. T., Lincoln County, Neb.— Some years 
ago the line of a branch railroad was survey¬ 
ed through a farm of mine in another part of 
this State. Damages were assessed and paid, 
and the required strip of land was fenced in. 
There the matter rested, and now I under¬ 
stand the project of building the road has 
been abandoned. To whom does the land 
belong? 
Ans. —The fee simple of the land has all 
along been vested in our inquirer, if he has 
continued to own the farm. The railroad 
acquired only an easement in the land, that 
is, the right to use it for a certain purpose— 
the construction of the road. If the corpora¬ 
tion is dissolved and its franchise ceases to 
exist, its interests in the land at once revert 
to the original owner, his heirs or assigns. 
In a word, during its artificial life, which 
may be for centuries, the corporation owns the 
right of way and no more. This principle 
applies to all corporations that have power to 
take land for public use, and even to the 
county, State or national governments. 
IHi.occUancou.si 
rCHINc 
JPR»CTIC*LPOUtIBTBOOIl M ; l fJ" 
xoo pp. ; a beautiful colored plate: 
engravings and descriptions of all 
breeds ; how to caponue ; plans for 
poultry houses; about incubators: 
and where to buy EGGS and FOWLS. 
ASSOCIATED FANCIERS, 
237 South 3th Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 
.Probably thousands of people in this sec¬ 
tion of country, and this section is no except¬ 
ion to any other in this respect in the United 
States, have read the report said to have 
been written by Prof. S. A. Lattimore. Ph. D., 
LL. D., Analyst of Foods and Medicines, New 
York State Board of Health, and Professor of 
Chemistry in the Rochester, N. Y., 
University, stating that all of the Safe 
Remedies manufactured by H. H. Warner & 
Co. were pure and wholesome, nor did any of 
them contain any mercury or deleterious sub¬ 
stance. To shorten the controversy, how¬ 
ever, we will give Prof. Lattimore’s report 
entire: 
University of Rochester, 1 
Chemical Laboratory, f 
Mr. H. H. Warner has placed in my posses¬ 
sion the formulae of the several medicines 
manufactured and sold under the general 
designation of “Warner’s Safe Remedies.” 
I have investigated the processes of manufac¬ 
ture which are conducted with extreme care 
and according to the best methods. I have 
taken from the Laboratory samples of all the 
articles used in the preparation of these medi¬ 
cines, as well as the several medicines n 
which they enter. I have also purchased 
from different druggists in this city 
“Warner’s Safe Remedies,” and upon criti 
cal examination I find them all entirely free 
from mercury and from poisonous and dele¬ 
terious substances. 
S. A. Lattimore, Ph.D., LL.D., 
Analyst of Foods and Medicines, New York 
State Board of Health, Professor of Chem¬ 
istry, University of Rochester, N. Y. 
We cannot think that a firm of the stand¬ 
ing of H. H. Warner & Co. would dare pub¬ 
lish such a statement if it were untrue, and 
we now have that firm’s authority to say to 
our readers that it is absolutely and unquali¬ 
fiedly true in every particular. 
Established 1352.1 JACKSON BROTHERS 
NEW 7031 STATE DBAIN TILE AND PIPE W0B2S, 
Main Office . 76 Third Ave., Albany, N. Y. 
ROUND. SOLE AND HORSE-SHOE TII,E, 
over 13 Inches long. By cargo or smallest quantity. 
Our new Improved machinery makes superior round 
and sole tile, excelling anything offered heretofore. 
First Premium wherever exhibited. Price-list on ap 
plication. Vitrified Glazed Pipe aud Tile Machines. 
| Nickeled Self-Inking Stamp, pen Sc pen^l 
I Any name in Kubber, 20 cents, CI u D <-» t / ,lor jp J bilj. 
1 ,. —.——»_ Marks 
anything. 
^ "Name,Town & Stateon,2 5 c. Club of7,$1.35 
'p | nt writing or stamp Ink F ree witkelub order! 
1 The Rubber Stamp Co. New Haven, Conn 
Estab. 1376. Best references. Store & factory, 113:13 Center St. 
EARLY VEGETABLE PLANTS. 
Cabbage. Cauliflower, Tomato, Egg Plants. Sweet 
Potato and other Vegetable Plants in season. Whole 
sale rates to market gardeners. Catalogue free. 
McMATH BROS., Nurserymen, Onley, Va. 
EXTRA! 
THE 
Lching Sides and Buck, Hip, Kidney aud 
Jteriue Pains, Rheumatic. Sciatic, Sharp and 
Veafcenlng Pains, relieved in one minute, by 
irst Guticura Anti-Pain Plaster. and 
inly Instantaneous pain killing, strengthening plas- 
er. Z’ic. ; 3 for $1. At druggists, or of Pottkr Drug 
ind Chemical Co., Boston, Mass. 
Neglect kills injuries, revenge increases 
them. A neglected cold increases its injuri¬ 
ous effect ou the system till consumption 
finally kills, unless cured by 
Warner’s I.oe Cabiu COUC4H AN1) 
CONSUMPTION REM ED V 
It is ye reliable remedy of ye oldeu time. 
NEW YORK WEEKLY WORLD, 
12 Broad pages and 84 Long Columns, Pub¬ 
lishing each week a COMPLETE NOVEL by 
a Popular Author, and the 
R. N.-Y., 
FOR ONE YEAR, 
ONLY 
S2.L3S. 
KIRAL NEW-YORKER, 
34 Park Bow, N, Y. 
