1889 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
a few days before the birds are killed, or the 
flesh may be unpleasantly flavored. 
“anon” on seedsmen. 
“Seedsman” —“Anon” mentioned the in¬ 
stance of a seedsman advertising Northern- 
grown seed, who last fall purchased his seed 
corn 200 miles farther south. Well, what of 
it? Supposing said seedsman to be located in 
the far North, a difference of three degrees 
would not make his corn other than North¬ 
ern grown. I chance to know of one seeds¬ 
man who has habitually raised his own field 
corn for many years, but owing to the failure 
of the crop by the frosts of early September, he 
could not get good seed nearer than 200 miles 
south of him the present season. Should a 
charge of dishonesty be brought against him? 
The fact that requires but a modicum of com¬ 
mon sense to recognize is, that no seedsman 
who advertises Northern-grown seeds intends 
Dy that to lead the public to believe that he 
raises varieties that cannot be raised in his 
locality without costly petting, either as a 
rule or by reason of an unpropitious season. 
I agree with “Anon” that where vegetables 
do best there probably is the best latitude to 
raise seed from them. This rule would carry 
sweet corn, flint corn, potatoes, squashes and 
some other vegetables well into the North. 
“the length of a piece of stbing.” 
quiring protection from cut-worms. Take a 
piece of 2x4-inch scantling(basswood is the 
best, for it decays'as soon as it is plowed under) 
set a gocd sharp plane to cut a pretty thick 
shaving, say one-sixteenth of an inch. This 
will naturally curl. Make as many as re¬ 
quired. Have a dish of tar ready; dip one 
edge of the shavings into the tar and run 
them on a stick. Place one over each plant, 
and give it a little twist and it will work far 
enough into the ground to keep it in place. 
The cut-worm may climb up the fence but it 
won’t pass the coal tar. A good boy will dip 
and set 1,000 or more per day. 
INDEBTEDNESS OF LAND-GBANT BAILROADS. 
S. B. H., Cbawfordsville, Ind.— I am 
interested in the articles contributed by Mr. 
Chamberlain. The same idea could be con¬ 
tinued in reference to the land-grant rail¬ 
roads, and the Union and Central Pacific. 
Those roads will owe the people of the United 
States at least $125,000,000 by the time the 
bonds become due. They are already at work 
in Congress to extend the time of payment 50 
years at two per cent. The farmers of this 
country should insist that those roads shall 
go into the hands of a receiver when the time 
of payment to the Government shall have 
arrived, if they are not able to discharge 
their debt, which they will not be. 
G. W. D., Birmingham, Conn.— Six grade 
Jerseys, two-year-olds, gave the following re¬ 
sults last spring during the second week’s 
milking, on second-quality hay together with 
one quart of meal and two of bran per day: 
No. 1. 
6 pounds of milk. 
9 per cent, of cream. 
9 ounces of cream. 
0 ounces of butter. 
No. 8. 
6X pounds of mild. 
8 per cent, of cream. 
10 ounces of cream. 
7 ounces of butter. 
No. 5. 
6% pounds of milk. 
16 per cent.of cream. 
6 ounces of cream. 
5 ounces of butter. 
No. 2. 
4 pounds of milk. 
15 per cent, of cream. 
8 ounces of cream. 
6 ounces of butter. 
No. 4. 
10^ pounds of milk. 
8 per cent, of cream. 
8 ounces of cream. 
7 ounces of butter. 
No. 6. 
7 pounds of milk. 
6 per cent.of cream. 
6 ounces of cream. 
4 ounces of butter 
Compare those amounts, percentages and 
results,and well may the Rural say: “What 
is the length of a piece of string ?” 
COLORING BUTTER. 
W. P. W., New York City.— In the 
Rural of May 4, it seems to be editorially as¬ 
sumed that the practice of coloring pale butter, 
“ so as to cause it to appeal 1 of a golden yel¬ 
low,” is either a commendable one, like paint¬ 
ing one’s house, blacking one’s boots, etc., or 
else of no consequence except to the individ¬ 
ual colorists. If each manipulator consumed 
his or her product, then these conclusions 
would be correct; but when the product is in¬ 
tended for sale for others to eat, the case is 
entirely different, and the illustrations men¬ 
tioned no longer illustrate. The practice of 
coloring butter and cheese is dishonest—just 
as much a fraud as selling butterine, or oleo¬ 
margarine, for pure butter. The only object 
in doing it at all, is to deceive the purchaser 
and make him pay a higher price than he 
would pay for the uncolored product. When 
I purchase butter or cheese, I most emphati¬ 
cally object to having it mixed with dyestuff, 
harmless or otherwise, and 1 do not think I 
am alone in my objections. 
the willow twig apple. 
J. J. B., Titusville, N. J.—When we have 
a good thing in the fruit line we ought to let 
our neighbors know of it. As we have this in 
the Willow Twig I wish all to know; 1, that 
the fruit is medium or perhaps below in qual¬ 
ity for dessert, but good to cook; 2, that the 
tree is a good early bearer of fair sized apples, 
a good but not a strong grower; 3, with or¬ 
dinary care the apples are now in good con¬ 
dition for market, and do pretty well for eat¬ 
ing without cooking. It is an apple sure to 
pay if planted in New Jersey or in similar 
soil and climate whether used at home or 
grown for the market. Good apples are not 
very plentiful at this time of the year—May 
6 . 
here’s a good jersey. 
A. C. W., Schraalenburg, N. J.—The 
Rural’s articles on “how many pounds of 
milk are required to make a pouud of butter,” 
attracted my attention, so, on Saturday, I 
weighed the night’s milk from my five year- 
old Jersey cow 1 , and set the 17 pounds in two 
tin pans in a cool cellar. On Monday after¬ 
noon my wife churned the cream, (the milk 
was still perfectly sweet,) and made 19 ounces 
of as fine butter as I ever saw. This cow was 
fed on Saturday morning with two quarts of 
mixed oats and rye meal and bran, about 
equal parts, and had good pasture with plenty 
of well water. 
anti-crib-biting. 
L. W. R., Benton Harbor, Mich.— The 
R. N.-Y. of May 4, contains at least three in¬ 
quiries about cures for crib-biting in horses. 
A neighbor of mine, instead of using a halter 
on his horse, buckles a strap tightly around 
the neck ami the horse is unable to suck wind 
while he has it on. In this case the strap is 
deeply imbedded on the top of the horse’s neck, 
but this might be prevented by using a zinc 
collar-pad, which would protect the top, while 
the necessary pressure is brought ou the wind¬ 
pipe. 
SAW DUST AND POTATO SCAB. 
E. S. G., Geneva, N. Y.—I see that 
“ W.” of Tyrone, Pa., states in a late Rural, 
that he found that saw-dust after having been 
used as a mulch for raspberry plants, appear¬ 
ed to protect potatoes from the scab, while a 
Montreal correspondent, writing previously, 
had occasion to believe that saw-dust tends to 
increase the scab. Last season a large num¬ 
ber of materials were tested at the New York 
Agricultural Experiment Station in the hope 
of finding a remedy for the scab. Potatoes 
grown with saw-dust in the hills were more 
injured by l his disease than those receiving 
any other treatment, and were much more 
affected than those receiving no special treat¬ 
ment. The saw-dust in this case, however, 
was fresh. It may be that saw-dust that has 
been exposed to the weather a few months 
would act very differently. 1 have known of 
others who claim to have used saw-dust with 
success. I hope that readers of the Rural 
who can obtaiu old saw-dust will make the 
experiment. 
PROTECTING PLANTS FROM THE CUT WOKM. 
II. T. L., Brighton, Can.— Uu page 295- 
Fig. 103—I noticed a device for protecting 
cabbage and cauliflower plants while youug 
from cut-worms. The only fault I have to 
find with this device, is that it would require 
too much time to make a sufficient number. 
Th6 following is a device 1 have used very 
successfully for all kinds of young plants re- 
SAMPLES. 
The Breeder's Gazette remarks that 
when Short-horn bulls, unceremoniously pull¬ 
ed away from the maternal dugs in Aber¬ 
deenshire, hustled 3,000 miles by sea, quaran¬ 
tined for 90 days, railroaded another thous¬ 
and miles, and sent into the sale ring at the 
age when they would appear at their very 
worst, even had their treatment been of the 
very best—can be sold at an average of about 
$400 per head there would seem to be some 
very clearly-defined public sentiment upon 
the subject of the future of the Short-horn in 
the West. 
John Gould, alluding to the proceedings of 
the late Silo Convention at Cleveland,Ohio says 
iu the Fhiladefihia Press, that the wooden 
silo in some of its forms was voted the favor¬ 
ite. The evidence seemed conclusive that the 
weoden silo was nearest frost-proof, kept its 
contents iu the best state of preservation, ard 
if properly built and painted with some good 
wood preservative it would last for years 
The silo, with lathed and plastered interior, 
was also largely indorsed, while those who 
had the double-boarded silos painted with gas- 
tar or asphaltum paints declared them good 
enough. Not a man voted for stone or con¬ 
crete silcs, although several who had such 
were present... 
It was believed by many that the man who 
built a good-sized silo, and used silage along 
with the other feed raised on the farm, had 
been enabled to double his stock. This has 
proven over and over again that succulent 
food could be fed in the winter with mani¬ 
fest profit, if warm barns and stables were 
provided. That silage fed judiciously made 
“good, rich and healthy milk” was attested 
to by Dr. Ashman, the city health officer of 
Cleveland, after 3,000 examinations of milk. 
That cows had eaten silage year after year 
and were still healthy and in “possession of 
their teeth” was shown to be true. That any 
ill effects from silage feeding could be shown 
was not attempted. 
A TEST of THREE DIFFERENT CHURNS, Was 
made at the New Hampshire E. S., viz., the 
Blanchard, Stoddard and Davis. The results 
show that there is practically no difference 
in their efficiency, and if there is aDy prefer¬ 
ence it must come from convenience in hand¬ 
ling,and ease of operation. On this point there 
is no doubt in the minds of those who actually 
operated the churns at the Station. For ease of 
handling and cleaning, and for perfect 
granulation of butter the Stoddard churn 
stands at the head. The Blanchard is open 
to the objection that it has inside floats, which 
interfere seriously with the granulating of tne 
butter. The Davis is harder to operate than 
either of the others, and is more difficult to 
clean when the churning is done. The aver¬ 
age time of churning was 24 minutes for the 
Davis, 47 minutes for the Blanchard and 29 
minutes for the Stoddard. The Davis leads 
in point of time required. 
In the common practice of buying cream by 
the “gauge,” it is supposed that the product 
of cream in butter is uniform. In experi¬ 
ments made by the Kansas Agricultural Col¬ 
lege, cream was the one discordant element. 
In the case of every cow employed, and with 
each kind of feed, the milk giving the largest 
display of cream often gave the least butter 
product, and the reverse. As far as could be 
judged, the character of the cream varies 
quite as much as the milk does in its original 
condition. Milk showing eight per cent, of 
cream gave a larger yield of butter than was 
obtained from milk giving 10,11, 12 or even 
13 per cent, of cream. 
The truth is, says Prof. Shelton, that the 
man who buys the milk of a large number of 
herds, good, bad and indifferent,paying for it 
by the gauge of cream which it yields, is 
probably not greatly the loser or gainer 
thereby. Experience has taught him the 
amount of butter he has reason to expect from 
the composite cream; but the loss to patrons, 
especially those whose herds have been bred 
up in dairy lines, must often be very great in 
the averaging process. The farmer whose 
Jerseys gave 9 1-2 to 10 per cent, of cream, 
yielding nearly five per cent, of butter, must, 
if all patrons are paid alike, contribute in the 
course of a year a very pretty sum towards 
the support of his neighbor’s herd of scrubs, 
which gave nearly 11 per cent, of cream and 
only 3% per cent, of butter. 
Bulletin 48 from the Michigan Agricul¬ 
tural Experiment Station gives some very in¬ 
teresting information regarding potatoes, 
squashes and tomatoes. It speaks of Coy’s No 
88 (now Burpee’s Superiorlas follows: “Tubers 
all marketable and very even in size; very 
smooth and regular, with ends abruptly 
rounded. Eyes few and near the surface. 
Season, medium In quality one of the very 
best. Flesh white and mealy when cooked. 
The most productive and promising potato 
grown the past year.”. 
Of the R. N. Y. No. 2 it says: “All of good 
size. In form nearly as broad as long and 
flattened. Sirin, white;eyes few and incon¬ 
spicuous. Generally very smooth and regular, 
although an occasional proDg manifests itself. 
Flesh white and mealy when cooked. This 
potato is quite productive and is an extremely 
valuable variety. Had it been grown under 
better conditions it might have headed the 
list. Well worth planting.”. 
New Queen proved to be “a fine-lcobiDg 
potato of excellent quality, though not pro¬ 
ductive.”. 
Junk Eating is pronounced “a very prom¬ 
ising early variety.”. 
WORD FOR WORD. 
-Weekly Press: “Sweet or ripened silage 
can only be made from fully grown and ma¬ 
ture fodder, the grain of which has beguu to 
glaze. The juices of such fodder are more than 
water, and these juices when the fodder is cut 
354 
are so charged with starch, etc., that they 
tend to preserve the fodder, and fermentation 
can not go as far or attain so high a degree 
of heat as when less mature fodder is siloed. 
The filling can be more rapid with mature 
fodder and as good or better results secured.” 
-Winnipeg Farmer: “A Stirring Sub¬ 
ject. —A. L. Crosby says: stir cream, and stir 
cream,and stir it frequently; John Boyd says: 
don’t stir it at all after mixing the two skim- 
mings of each day with his famous ‘starter’; 
John Gould says: stir the cream while it is 
ripening; Hiram Smith does not believe in 
stirring cream. Strange how dairy doctors 
differ, and stranger, withal, that each and all 
of these gentlemen can make prime gilt-edged 
butter.” 
-Doctor TALMAGE:“For the Lord’s sake, 
and for the sake of the harvests and the or¬ 
chards and the gardens, of which they are the 
natural defenders, let the birds live.” 
-New York Herald: “The National 
Debt shrank during the last fiscal year by 
about one hundred millions. Sixty millions 
of people, twice that amount of contentment, 
vim, dash, chain lightning and happiness 
—where can you find a grumbler? If he shows 
his head above the fence, shoot him on the 
spot.” 
- O. C. Farmer: “If our national legisla¬ 
tors, instead of hatching new schemes for 
spending the hundreds of millions of dollars 
now lying idle in the Treasury, wou d labor 
harder in the direction of paying the national 
debt, we would be much pleased with them. 
Buy the bonds, even if the premium is large. 
Wipe them out as fast a3 possible and stop the 
interest. Then let us get along without a debt. 
A national debt, like any other debt, is an un¬ 
qualified curse.” 
-May Century: “For many natures it is 
as much a duty of cleanliness to change opin¬ 
ions as to change clothes.” 
-“To owe gratitude oppresses a coarse na¬ 
ture; to receive it, oppresses a fine one.” 
-“Cowardice is the greatest giver of alms. ” 
-“Truth has never yet proved fatal to any 
one; there are too mary antidotes.” 
- New York Times: “Recent sales of Jer¬ 
sey cattle show that bottom prices have been 
reached and the reaction from an unhealthy 
excitement is at its zero. It is a time for farm- 
mersand dairymen to pick up stock.” 
- American Garden: “The Rural New- 
Yorker is doing a good work in inducing 
farmers’ wives to take more healthful out¬ 
door exercise, by competing for prizes offered 
for the biggest yield of p otatoes on small plots 
of ground. We welcome aDy effort that has 
for its object the drawing of country women 
out of their houses into the fresh air that is so 
plentiful all about them.” 
-Troy Times: “There are many reasons 
why stock farmers should be men of good 
breeding.” 
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He also said; “The medical profession stands 
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than one kidney malady.” 
