4880 
350 
THE BUBAL HIW-YOBKIB. 
CATALOGUES, ETC., RECEIVED. 
A N ARBOR DAY CELEBRATION.—The 
May issue of the Journal of the Colum¬ 
bus (Ohio) Horticultural Society contains an 
account of the Arbor Day celebration carried 
out by the students of the Ohio State Univer¬ 
sity. The exercises consisted of various 
speeches aud orations delivered by members 
of the different classes and others. The aver¬ 
age college boy is a great hand at a speech; 
he only needs an audience and an occasion. 
Arbor Day would seem to be peculiarly fitted 
to draw out the college poet, but the follow¬ 
ing is the only specimen of original poetry we 
find in the report: 
POET--TRF.E. 
“Oak,Caroline! for yew I pine; 
O will ow, will you not be mine ? 
Thy hazel eyes, thy tulips red, 
Thy ways all larch have turned my head. 
All linden shadows by thy Kate 
I cypress on my heart and wait; 
‘Then gum beech cherished, Caroline ; 
We’ll fly for elms of bliss divine. 
O, spruce young man ! I cedar plan — 
Catalpa’s money, if you can; 
You sumach ash, but not my heart; 
You’re evergreen, so now depart; 
You'd like to poplar—that I see— 
Birch you walnut propose to me — 
Here’s pa! you’ll see hemlock the gate; 
He maple lltely say ‘ ’tis late!’ 
Locust that lover, while he flew 
For elms before that parent’s shoe; 
He little thought a dogwood bite 
And make him balsam much that night, 
Hawthorny path he traveled o’er, 
And he was sick and sycamore.” 
Well, well, well! Poetry must have been 
starved out of that college or else they had 
some very sensible men in charge of the pro¬ 
gramme. 
Sugar from Sorghum.— Chemist Wiley of 
the Department of Agriculture, has issued a 
pamphlet, bulletin 20, giving a record of ex¬ 
periments conducted at Rio Grande, Benner, 
Conway Springs, Douglass, and Sterling. All 
who are interested in sorghum sugar will find 
this pamphlet valuable. There are two points 
of particular importance. One is the report 
of the chemists who have analyzed frosted 
cane. Less than a year ago it was found next 
to impossible to obtain an analysis that would 
show the effect of frost on growing corn 
fodder. It is shown in this pamphlet that a 
light frost injured the juice in sorghum cane, 
rendering it lower in solids, lower in sugar,and 
of less purity. Another topic of practical 
value is that involving the points to be con¬ 
sidered in building a factory for sorghum 
sugar. A bountiful supply of water is abso¬ 
lutely necessary. A factory must be located 
where there is no danger of a water famine. 
Cane now brings a price of $2 per ton at the 
factory. It will thus be seen that no farmer 
can afford to haul an ordinary lo^d of it much 
over a mile. Thus the factory must be in the 
center of an area of growing sorghum. 
Suppose the factory could be placed so that 
all the land within a radius of one mile could 
be in cane. This would give 2,000 acres, pro¬ 
ducing say, 20,000 tons of cane. Increase this 
radius by half a mile aud the number of acres 
tributary to the factory will be greatly in¬ 
creased. We see that the sorghum sugar 
business is to be conducted somewhat on the 
principle of the whole-milk creamery, the 
difference being in the heavier weight of 
the cane and the greatly increased cost 
of getting it to the factory. Doubtless the 
time will come when the factory will find 
it necessary to extend narrow-gauge railroads 
into the country about it so as to still further 
reduce the cost of hauling the cane. Another 
important point to be considered is the secur¬ 
ing of a cheap aud abundant supply of fuel. 
It is therefore necessary that the factory 
should be iu a position so situated that coal 
can be readily hauled to it. Some economists 
have advocated the burning of the chips from 
which sugar has been extracted, but practi¬ 
cal experiments have not yet demonstrated 
the wisdom of this plan It will evidently 
cost more to prepare the wet chips for fuel 
than coal would cost. It will be seen from 
these facts that the production of sorghum 
sugar will be confined to certain sections of our 
country where cheap and easily tilled lands 
can be secured. Chemist Wiley is of the 
opinion that the Indian Territory offers the 
best chance for a development of the indus¬ 
try . The cost of a plant suitable for develop¬ 
ing the enterprise is so great that the business 
can only be conducted on a large scale, aud 
like the business of producing cane sugar or 
cotton will necessitate the employment of 
cheap labor iu order to produce cheap sugar 
at a profit. 
Fowler and Farrington, Taughannock 
Falls, N. Y.—Circular of sulky plows, road 
carts and hay cal’s. This firm make three 
styles of hay cars. Send for their circular. 
Fish Brand Water-proof Clothing.-— 
Catalogue from A J. Tower, 18 Simmons 
Street, Boston,Mass. This article of clothing 
is designed for the use of farmers, stockmen, 
herders, doctors and others whose business 
calls them out into the rain. The material of 
which this clothing is made is claimed by the 
manufacturer to be lighter, more durable aud 
cheaper than rubber. Here is an extract 
from the catalogue, which the R. N.-Y. can 
heartily endorse:— 
“The importance and pleasure of keeping 
dry in wet and stormy weather can be ap¬ 
preciated only by those who never enjoyed 
the luxury of a perfectly waterproof garment. 
Many dollars, and what is more important, 
many lives are annually lost through want of 
a proper and sufficient protection against 
rain and wind; and farmers, and others 
whose business is out-of-doors, are compelled 
to lose many valuable days’ labor, which 
they otherwise would not, had they perfect 
protection from the rain.” 
Send for the pamphlet and see the new de¬ 
signs for water-proof clothing shown in it. 
Does heating milk affect the quantity or 
quality of butter ? 
This topic is discussed by Director I. P. 
Roberts in the latter part of bulletin No. 5 of 
the Experiment Station at Cornell Univer¬ 
sity. This investigation was started by a 
reply made by Mr. E. W. Stewart to a reader 
of the Country Gentleman, who found that 
milk from high-grade Jersey cows would 
make but one pound of butter from 28 pounds 
of milk. Here is what Mr. Stewart said:— 
“It is highly probable that not more than 
two-thirds of the fat is obtained from this 
milk. If this milk were heated in a water 
bath to 135 degrees, immediately after milk¬ 
ing, and set in shallow pans in a temperature 
of about 60 degrees, the amount of cream and 
butter would be largely increased, and the 
cream would churn in the same time as from 
fresh milch cows, and probably it could not 
take more than 17 to 20 pounds of milk to a 
pound of butter. But if the cream be raised 
by cold deep setting, then it should be set di¬ 
rectly from the cow, and the cream maybe 
heated to 130 degrees when skimmed, and after 
ripening will churn much better for it and 
make more butter.” 
On the other hand, Professor Roberts 
has the following report from a firm of exten¬ 
sive and very successful dairymen: 
“We took some milk from the vat just after 
milking, and after stirring it thoroughly we 
took two samples of exactly the same amount. 
One sample was scalded at 120 degrees, the 
other without scalding, and both stood for 
twenty-four hours in ice water at 40 degrees; 
they were then both closely creamed,the cream 
ripened and the two samples churned, worked 
and in every way except the scalding treated 
exactly the same. The scalded milk produced 
6 lbs. 11 ozs. and the other 5 lbs. 15^ ozs. The 
former was white and pasty aud could not 
be worked into butter; it was impossible to get 
the buttermilk and curd out of it; the latter 
made a good product of marketable butter. 
“We then took two samples, each of the 
same amount exactly.heated one to 120 degrees 
aud left the other normal and put both in ice 
water the same as before for 20 hours. They 
were then ripened without skimming and 
treated exactly the same, churned the same 
and worked the same aud in every way trea ed 
alike except the heating. The scalded milk 
produced 4 lbs. 5 ozs. and the other 2 lbs. 1% 
ozs. That from the scalded milk had the ap 
pearance of Dutch cheese and could not be 
worked into butter;it was impossible to get 
rid of the curd and buttermilk. The other 
was a very handsome sample of well-colored 
marketable butter. These tests were both 
made with the utmost care in every partic¬ 
ular. The test of the scalded milk made with¬ 
out skimming showed more curd than when 
skimmed, and hence the larger proportionate 
product." 
The detailed experiments carried out to set¬ 
tle the question raised by these statements are 
too lengthy to be given here. Those who care 
to study them may secure the bulletin. It 
may be stated briefly that the parcels of 
milk, each containing 14 pounds, were treated 
as follows: No. 1, set diroct from the cow at 
a temperature of 93 degrees. No. 2, cooled to 
60 degrees, strained into another can and set. 
No. 3, cooled to 60 degrees aud then warmed 
to 93 degrees. No. 4,cooled to 60 degrees aud 
then warmed to 135 degrees. All were set in 
a Cooley creamer with water at 40 degrees. 
Again, 48 pounds of milk were set at 90 de¬ 
grees, 48 pounds first cooled to 60 and then 
warmed to 135 degrees, the same amount set 
at £8 degrees and the same amount cooled to 
60 and warmed to 135 degrees. 
Two other tests were made just about like 
those given above. The returns in cream aud 
butter were carefully recorded and careful 
analyses of the milk were made. Here are 
the conclusions reached by Professor Roberts: 
“We may conclude as the result of these 
investigations, first, that there is a loss of 
butter when the milk is allowed to cool rnuen 
below the normal heat of the cow before be¬ 
ing put iu the creamer; second, that while 
there may not be any very great increase of 
butter when the milk is heated thero is no 
risk of injuring the quality of the butter by 
incorporating an excess of casein even when 
the milk is heated as high as 135 degrees.” 
C. P. Knight, 211 E. Lombard St., Bal¬ 
timore, Md.—C ircular of two and three-ply 
roofing paint aud Liquid Enamel paint. 
This circular contains valuable information 
concerning new and old roofs, roofing paint, 
etc. Send for it. 
ance. Have I a right to put poisoned food in 
their way? If not what am I to do? 
CfltD. 
“ Every Man is presumed to know the Law. 
Nine-tenths of all Litigation arises from 
Ignorance of Law." 
property rights of married women in 
NEW JERSEY. 
S. T. M., Williamsport, Pa. —I have been 
assured that in New Jersey a married woman 
has no personal rights in her own property, 
all of which i3 absolutely owned by her hus¬ 
band, and that she cannot even make a valid 
will. An instance was given by my informant, 
of a woman who left her husband on account 
of his cruel conduct, and went to her father’s 
house, to which the husband'followed her, and 
actually carried off her trunks with their con¬ 
tents, claiming that they were his property. 
It was also declared that in that State a mar¬ 
ried woman with some means can be com¬ 
pelled to support a worth less,drunken husband 
who refuses to work or give her any money. 
Can this be so in any State of the Union at 
the close of the Nineteenth Century? 
Ans. —No; our inquirer has been sadly mis¬ 
informed. The old laws with regard to the 
rights of married women iu Hew Jersey were 
no doubt unjust, as were all old laws every¬ 
where with regard to the same sex; but since 
the passage of the amendments of March 27, 
1874, the property rights of the women in 
New Jersey appear to be ample and well 
protected. The real and personal prop¬ 
erty of any woman in the State, who has 
married since July 4, 1852, which she owned 
at the time of her marriage, continues her 
sole and personal property as if she were still 
a single woman. All rents and profits derived 
from it are hers. Her wages, earnings and 
all income from her separate business and 
from all investments made by her belong ab¬ 
solutely to her. She may bind herself and her 
property by contract, with a few unimport¬ 
ant exceptioos, as if sho were siDgle. Any 
will or testament made in due form of law 
by her, if she is above 21 years of age, con¬ 
cerning real or personal property, is as valid 
and effectual in law as the will of any other 
pferson. She may sue and be sued in her own 
name without joining her husband, and she is 
not liable for his debts or support. Thus, it 
will be seen, New Jersey is fully abreast of 
the foremost of the other States in reference 
to the legal rights of [married women with 
regard to their own property. 
LAW WITH REGARD TO TRESPASSING FOWLS. 
E. L. B , Bergen, N. Y.—One of my neigh 
bors, among a lot of other bothersome fowls, 
keeps a flock of about 40 Guinea hens. These 
he keeps all the time on my grounds. Indeed, 
if they go home, he drives them back across 
the road again. At seeding and harvesting 
time they do a world of damage. Last fall 
they ate nearly all there was of 2)4 acres of 
fine buckwheat. He promised that if I would 
say nothing about the matter, he would not 
keep any this year; but he has just told a 
neighbor that he will keep them because they 
stay away from home nearly all the time till 
late fall, aud he said that he could pay for all 
of my buckwheat they might eat. If I shoot 
some of them, I think the rest will be scared 
permanently away, or else their owner will 
keep them out of mischief on my land. Have 
I a right to do so? 
Ans. —This is certainly a hard case, and 
that is certainly notan agreeable neighbor; 
still our inquirer has no legal right to shoot or 
poison the trespassing fowls. Even a notice 
served upon their owner that our justly exas¬ 
perated friend intends to kill them, is merely 
a threat to do an illegal act, and will make 
no difference in the legal aspect of the case. 
It has been frequently decided that.the poison¬ 
ing of a neighbor’s hens, even after repeated 
trespasses and warnings of an intention to kill 
them, was a wrong for which an action would 
lie. The owner of an animal, however, is 
liable for its acts, and the present is such an 
aggravated case that, no doubt, the full 
amount of the damages done by the hens, not 
during the past year only, but during former 
years within the scope of the statute of limi¬ 
tations, could be readily recovered by legal 
process. 
TRESPASSING DOGS: FENCES IN NEW YORK 
STATE. 
Ans. -It depends somewhat on circumstances. 
It is quite lawful for any person in this 
State to kill any dog the tax on which has not 
been paid, and in a suit for damages arising 
from such killing the burthen is on the owner 
to prove that the tax has been paid. In case 
the dog is licensed and the tax has been paid, 
no one is at liberty to kill it for the offense 
complained of by our inquirer. Section 44 of 
the law relating to fences in this State pro¬ 
vides that whenever the electors of any town 
shall have made any rule or regulation pre¬ 
scribing what shall be deemed a sufficient 
fence in such town, any person who shall 
thereafter neglect to keep a fence according to 
such rule or regulation, shall be precluded from 
recovering compensation in any manner for 
damages done by any animal lawfully going 
at large on the highway, which may enter on 
the lands not fenced in conformity with such 
rule and regulation. If our correspondent’s 
premises were properly fenced, or if no regu¬ 
lation with regard to fences has been adopted 
in his town, the owners of the dogs will be 
liable for the damages done by them on the 
premises; but our inquirer has no legal right 
to kill the dogs by poispn or any other means. 
RIGHT TO WATER FROM A SPRING ON A 
NEIGHBOR’S LAND. 
L. K. E., Seneca County, N. Y. —On my 
farm there is a spring of water that rises 
about eight rods from the boundary line and 
then flows on to a neighbor’s premises. The 
neighbor has a lead pipe to the spring, and 
through it his house is supplied'with water. The 
pipe was laid about 35 years ago, permission 
having oeen given by my father, now dead. 
No written contract or deed was made. I 
now want the spring for my own use. Have 
I any right to it; or can my neighbor hold 
the water by proving peaceaH^possession of 
it for 35 years. 
Ans. —Even if the water issuing from the 
spring upon onr inquirer’s land were convey¬ 
ed to that of his neighbor by a natural water¬ 
course, without the intervention of a lead 
pipe, our friend would have no right to divert 
the water to his own use. It has been often 
held by the courts that the diversion of the 
water of a spring from its natural channel by 
the owner of the land whereon it is situated, 
whereby a lower owner is deprived of the use 
of the water, isj a legal injury for which the 
latter is entitled to compensation in damages. 
The fact that in the present case the neighbor 
has for so long a time been allowed to convey 
the water in pipes should strengthen the case. 
When existing rights have been settled and 
fixed by mutual agreement, and the agree¬ 
ment has been carried out and acquiesced in, 
and the privileges have been enjoyed for 20 
years without complaint or objection, neither 
party can gainsay his own acts or complain 
of any results flowing from them. 
T. H. H.. Charleston, IF. Va. —I own a farm 
on a stream in another part of this State. 
The land-owner below me on the stream has 
bad a flour mill for upwards of 30 years, and 
there has been a dam across the stream for 
the supply of water. Even In its present con¬ 
dition when the stream is swollen by rains, 
it causes an injurious back-water on my land. 
The owner proposes to raise it still higher, so 
that the injury to me will be greater. Can 
he legally do so? 
Ans. —No; a prescriptive right such as that 
possessed by your neighbor, cannot be en¬ 
larged to the injury of another. 
Piscctlancou.s ^ilvcrti.siing. 
Weak and Painful Kidneys. Aching 
Sides. Back and Chest. Rheumatic, Sciatic, sharp 
and Muscular Pains, relieved iu one minute. By 
first Guticura Mi-Pain Piaster. Ini 
only instantaneous pain-kiiling, strengthening plas¬ 
ter. 23c.; 5 for $1. At druggists, or of Potter Drug 
and Chemical Co.. Boston. Mass. 
PENllONi. 
W. B. Lord, Att’y, Washington, D. C. 
Success or no Kee. 
PATENTS 
THOMAS P. SIMPSON. Washington 
D. C. No atty s fee until patent ob 
tained. Write for Inventor’s Guide 
SEESDS. 
Clover, Timothy and Alsike. 
L. S. M., Westchester County, N. Y .—I 
live in New York City, but have a country 
house with several acres of laud in this county. 
It lies along a public thoroughfare and is 
unfenced. Dogs belonging to the neighbors 
enter my grounds, injure my flower-beds, kill 
my chickens, aud cause much other annoy- 
Wrlte to S. S. READ, Toledo, Ohio, for prices. 
Chester White, Berkshire and 
'Poland China Pigs, Fine Set¬ 
ter Dogs, Scotch Collies, Fox 
Hounds and Beagles, Sheep 
and Poultry, bred and for sale 
ibv W. GIBBONS & CO„ West 
’ Chester,Chester Co., Pa. Send 
stamp for Circular and Price List. 
