4889 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
394 
CATALOGUES, ETC., RECEIVED. 
P ENNSYLVANIA INDUSTRIES AND 
RAILROAD POLICY.--This is the 
title of an address delivered by Andrew Car¬ 
negie before the Pennsylvania legislature. 
It is now published in pamphlet form. It is a 
powerful and fearless attack upon the policy 
of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, 
which Mr. Carnegie claims, will, if continued, 
cripple the leading industries of the State or 
drive them out of her boundaries. Some 
facts not now generally considered are 
brought out in this address. At the begin¬ 
ning of this century Virginia headed the listof 
States in population with Pennsylvania sec¬ 
ond. In 1810 New York went to the head 
with Virginia second. In 1820 Pennsylvania 
passed Virginia and the race for supremacy 
has since been between New York and Penn¬ 
sylvania. Since 1860 the latter State has 
steadily gained on New York, and sanguine 
Pennsylvanians believe the time is surely com¬ 
ing when their State will lead. This belief is 
based upon a thorough understanding of the 
peculiar shape and physical characteristics of 
their State. It is square as a block in shape, 
reaching from the lakes to the sea and with 
the best of water courses. In fact, Pennsyl¬ 
vania is a small country by herself. She 
sweeps westward in mountain range after 
mountain range. The mountains supply coal 
and iron, and close to them comes the third 
great natural product, petroleum; and to this 
may now be added natural gas. And the 
farming lauds of Pennsylvania are so inter¬ 
spersed among the coal fields and the iron 
mines that Pennsylvania farmers are doubly 
protected in their home market. The way to 
the markets of other manufacturing States 
runs over easily traveled courses, and dis¬ 
tant farmers may bring their products over 
the home farms and sell them. This is 
changed to a great degree with the Pennsyl¬ 
vania farmer. The physical character of this 
State defends him. 
It will thus be seen that the internal com¬ 
merce of a State like Pennsylvania must be 
something enormous. And the Pennsylvania 
Railroad Company,by securing what amounts 
to a monopoly of this commerce, has welded 
a power for good or for ill, the magnitude of 
which is diilicult to comprehend. The modern 
railroad links homes, families, towns to¬ 
gether. It is a home enlarger. A liberal 
policy, that will give the public confidence in 
the justice and honesty of the managers is 
sure to become a blessing to the community 
and the State. A mean,discriminating policy, 
a disregard of public rights and fair demands, 
will only become a curse to the State, and 
will, sooner or later, injure the business of 
the railroad that employs it. For a number 
of years farmers and mechanics have been 
crying out against trusts and monopolies. 
This cry has been too vague and indefinite. 
The reform must begin somewhere. Of late, 
public opinion seems to be settling into the 
idea that we should begin the work of bring¬ 
ing about a fairer division of profits by plac¬ 
ing the management of our railroads in the 
hands of the general government. After 
reading Mr. Carnegie’s address carefully we 
are incliued to think that governmental con¬ 
trol of the Pennsylvania Railroad would prove 
a blessing in several ways. 
Consular Reports.—N o. 103 of these re¬ 
ports,issued by the Slate Departmi nt at Wash¬ 
ington, contains some very interesting infor¬ 
mation concerning foreign trade and modes of 
living. One njatter of considei able interest to 
American farmers is the rep'.rtof our agent at 
the Bahama Islands. It appears that the inhabi¬ 
tants of these islands nave in former years, 
depended upon the salvage received for their 
services in case of marine disasters for quite a 
portion of their income. The British Gov¬ 
ernment rtcently erected a very complete 
system of light-houses on the island and as 
a consequence so few wrecks have occurred 
that wreckers are cut away from a portion of 
their income. It has been decided to take 
up the production of sisal hemp in the place 
of this lost industry. The hemp can be grown 
cheaply on the islands and just at present it 
is the most marketable product to be thought 
of. An increased production of this hemp 
will mean cheaper rope and twine for 
American farmers. 
Experiments in heating greenhouses — 
This subject is treated in a bulletin recently 
issued by Prof. S. T. Maynard of the Massa¬ 
chusetts Experiment {Station. One season's 
experiment went to show that a hot water 
boiler consumed about 20 per cent, less coal 
thau a steam boiler, while tue teuiperaiure of 
the hot water heat was most even. 
Here are some conclusions as to the protect¬ 
ive value of various building materials. On 
the inside of the wall, the lined ooard walls, 
filled witu shaving-, gave the best results, that 
with the hollow space being but little less 
valuable. Hollow brick and concrete walls are 
about equally valuable in protecting from cold, 
but not equal to the framed and board walls. 
Experiments were also made with evaporated 
sulphur as an insecticide. A kettle of 
sulphur, heated to nearly a boiling point was 
kept m the greenhouse for three or four 
hours twice or three times a week. 
This kettle was placed on a hand stove. The 
sulphur must never become hot enough to take 
fire, and care must be taken to prevent its be¬ 
coming upset. Prof. Maynard concludes as 
follows: 
“From our own experiments and the re¬ 
ports of those who have used the evaporated 
sulphur we can recommend its use for the de¬ 
struction of rose-leaf blight, rose mildew, 
grape mildew, chrysanthemum leaf blight, 
and the red spider. It is certainly an aid al¬ 
so in preventing mildew on the lettuce. Fur¬ 
ther experiments, however,begun earlier in the 
season may give more positive results, but our 
mam dependence in the growth of lettuce un¬ 
der glass must be the proper conditions of 
temperature, moisture and plant food. 
1 would again advise caution in tne use of 
sulphur, that every precaution be taken to 
avoid its taking fire, for the fumes of burning 
sulphur will quickly destroy all plant life, and 
even five minutes of burning might destroy 
hundreds ana even thousands of dollars worm 
of plants.” 
Downy Mildew and Black Rot of the 
Grape Vine. —Bulletin No. 10 of the Section 
of Vegetable Pathology, United States De¬ 
partment of Agriculture, gives a report of the 
experiments made in 1888 in the treatment of 
these diseases. As our readers know, the 
Agricultural Department has for some years 
experimented with the various mixtures of 
sulphate of copper in the hope of finding a 
remedy for diseases of the grape. It would 
appear that success has come from these ex¬ 
periments and tUat there is reason to believe 
that sulphate of copper represents a value to 
the viueyardist about like that represented by 
Paris green to the orchardist. 
To Defeat th4 Twine Trust. —This is the 
title of a pleasant little circular issued by 
Aultman, Miller & Co., of A„ron, Ohio, 
manufacturers of the celebrated Buckeye 
binders and mowers. The object of the cir¬ 
cular is to prove that the Buckeye is the 
cheapest and best harvester niaae. The 
main argument offered is to the tffect that 
the various wire binding devices proposed 
by certain manufacturers will prove 
expensive instead of economical. The 
wire, so this circular claims, will cost as much 
or more thau twine to which must be added 
the coat of the extra attachment. Again, it 
is almost beyond the reach of probabilities 
that tho “ Twine Trust ’ will be able to main¬ 
tain their high prices for any length of tune. 
Tne jute bagging trust has just received a 
black-eye from cotton planters. We are in¬ 
formed in this circular that twine is the ma¬ 
terial best suited for use in grain binding. 
The argument seems to be that it is better to 
stick to twine and twine binding attachments 
and take the ground that high prices for that 
product are sure to be broken. 
Elliot’s Parchment Paper.— Circulars 
from A. G. Elliot & Co., Philadelphia, Pa. 
This firm are headquarters for parchment 
paper, a material which is now considered 
practically indispensable by good dairymen. 
Send for circulars, no matter whether you 
use the paper at present or not. 
Down the Great River.— An account of 
the discovery of the true source of the Missis¬ 
sippi river, by Captain Willard Glaxier, pub¬ 
lished by Hubbard Brothers, Philadelphia, 
Pa. This is an intensely interesting volume, 
and one of the best aids to the study of the 
geography of tue Mississippi valley that we 
can think of. it is an account of a trip taken 
to the source of the Mississippi and from that 
point to the Gulf of Mexico. 
Strange to say, there is a serious question 
as to whether tne older explorers ever found 
tue head-waters of the Mississippi. Indian 
guides carried Captain Glazier as far to the 
North as a canoe would tioac. From this 
point, the canoe was permitted to float down 
the stream, past city, town and wilderness 
past islands, down rapids, ever on till the 
great river broadened into the Gulf. It is au 
interesting story of a remarkable trip, told so 
simply and so well that it is hardly possible, 
to lay r tho book down unfinished. The price 
ot the book, is, we believe, $2.00 
Practical Hints to Builders. —Price It) 
cents. The National Sheet Metal and Roof¬ 
ing Co., 510 to 520 East 20th Street, New 
York City. This book is filled with practical 
hints for owners of houses or other buildings, 
it is of especial value to those about to buikl. 
Among other tuiugs we notice a number of 
very good plans for houses and outbuildings, 
with devices lor heauug, ventilatiug, etc., 
etc. It advocates the use of m< tal roofing— 
the new roofing which is destined to superstate, 
to a great extent, both wood and tin for 
pitched roofs. 
Hemingway’s London-Purple Co.,DO Wi¬ 
ns Street, New York.—A circular giving 
full directions for the use of this poison, also 
the opinions of many well-known people in 
regard to it. The circular gives the R. N.-Y. 
credit for having been the first of the farm 
press to use London-purple. When it was first 
offered for sale we tried it very carefully be¬ 
side Paris-green, and wrote the manufactur¬ 
ers the result. London-purple contains about 
as much arsenic as does Paris-green, selling 
for about 15 cents a pound, while the latter 
costs about twice as much. We prefer the 
London-purple because, being much lighter, 
it is readily held in suspension while being 
applied. It is also more adhesive, sticking to 
the foliage longer whether mixed with water 
or plaster. Our readers may send to the 
Company for the circular. 
MAGAZINE REVIEWS 
Harper’s Magazine for June opens with 
a paper on “Social Life in Russia” by the 
Vicomte Eugene Melchoir de Vogiid, giving 
an insight into the habits of life, occupations, 
amusements, etc., of the different classes that 
people this much-discussed land. Part 111 of 
“A Little Journey in the World,” a novel by 
Charles Dudley Warner is continued in this 
number. Dr. William Howard Russell con¬ 
tributes a very interesting “Incident of the 
Irish Rebellion.” A very entertaining part 
of this issue is that devoted to “Our Artists 
in Europe,” with illustrations and short 
sketches of each by Henry James.—F. D. Mil¬ 
let, Edwin A. Abbey, Alfred Parsons, George 
H. Boughton, George Du Maurier and 
Charles S. Reinhart are the subjects of the 
paper. An instructive as well as entertaining 
paper is the one on “Montreal,” by C. H. Farn- 
ham. It describes the different classes compos¬ 
ing the population, and contains views of Mc¬ 
Gill College, Victoria Square, Montreal, from 
the mountain, Bonsecours market and church, 
the Notre Dame de Lourdes, Bank of Mon¬ 
treal and Post Office, and many other places 
of interest. “Friendly Rivalry” is a very 
clever fiction of the middle of the 20th cen¬ 
tury,or about the “year 50 of the Commune.” 
In it James Sally gives us a view of the new 
order of things when.such things as love,senti¬ 
ment and kindred feelings are done away with, 
and the two sexes are evolved into scientific 
beings of perfect equality. This is Mr. 
Sully’s first attempt at fiction. 
The serial “Jupiter Lights” is continued. 
Nannie Mayo Fitzhugh gives us “T’other 
Miss Mandy” as her maiden effort in fiction. 
Lawrence ^Hutton writes of “The Negro on 
the Stage,” with numerous illustrations of 
celebrated negro impersonators. 
“Quince,” by Winthrop Mack worth Praed 
and several shorter poems by different authors 
are interspersed. The Editor’s Easy Chair, 
Study and Drawer are replete with good 
things, while the illustrations are numerous 
and excellent. 
. The Century for June is an exceedingly 
interesting number. There are several articles 
of special interest to Americans. “Tne Re¬ 
lations of the United States and Canada,” 
from a Canadian standpoint, is given by 
Charles H. Lugrin. It is a very timely paper 
in view of the present agitation of the sub¬ 
jects of annexation, reciprocity, etc.; and 
also as showing the attitude of our Northern 
neighbors on these subjects. 
In “ General Lee after the War,” Margaret 
J. Preston gives us an insight into the noble 
cnaracter of this great man as exhibited in 
his beautiful, devoted homo-life. In the Lin¬ 
coln History several chapters on important 
political events are published: “The Pome¬ 
roy Circular,” “ The Cleveland Convention,” 
“The Resignation of Chase.” John Fraser 
tells us the story of “ An American Amateur 
Astronomer,” Mr. S. W. Burnham, formerly 
of Chicago, now chief assistant of the direc¬ 
tor of the Lick Observatory in California. 
He adopted the profession of stenography, and 
was with the Union army at New Orleans 
during the Civil war. While there, he pur¬ 
chased a second-hand Astronomy at an auction, 
in which he became deeply interested, 
and which study by the aid .of a cheap tele¬ 
scope, he loliowtd enthusiastically. After 
the war, he located in Chicago, devoted ail 
his leisure time to the pursuit of his favorite 
science, and purchased a small but excellent 
telescope. This he mounted in an observatory 
constructed mostly by himself in his back¬ 
yard, which his friends laughingly called a 
“cheese-box.” With this small telescope, 
rudely mounted in a back jard in Chicago, 
this enthusiastic astionomer discovered more 
double staiS in the short space of two years, 
than all the astronomers of the world beside 
had discovered_in 20 years. It is a story of a 
Yankee boy, who unaided except by his native 
genius aud indomitable will, has placed him¬ 
self in the front rank of scientists. Mr. Ken- 
nan continues his papers on Russia by giving 
the first article on his visit to the Convict 
Mines of Kara. The article is profusely illus¬ 
trated the most striking pictures being those 
of the “ Convicts at Work in One of the Kara 
Gold Placers, ’ and “ Convicts Returning at 
Night from the Mines.” An illustrated arti¬ 
cle on the Bloodhound by an English writer 
informs us that the bloodhound is not the 
savage and blood-thirsty brute he is generally 
pictured, but is an animal of remarkable in¬ 
telligence. The frontispiece of this number 
is a fine portrait of the famous French paint¬ 
er, Corot, and an article by Mrs. Van Rens¬ 
selaer descriptive of his work is also illustrat¬ 
ed by a portrait of “Corot at Work." “Cer¬ 
tain Forms of Woman’s Work for V\ oman” is 
illustrated by views of the Young Women’s 
Christian Association Building of New York, 
showing the many different departments. 
“Early Heroes of Ireland” are described by 
Mr. D. E. Kay. Then there are “Memoranda 
of the Civil War,” “Topics of the Time,” 
“Open Letters” and numerous poems. It is a 
valuable and extremely interesting number. 
Science, Travel, Natural History, Stories, 
both complete and serial, and pure fun, lib¬ 
erally sandwiched with poetry, make up the 
entertaining contents of the June St. Nicho¬ 
las. “ How I Saw Old Carolus,” the initial 
article by George Wharton Edwards, tells of 
the big bells in the Antwerp Cathedral, which 
may be seen only by climbing a tower 400 
feet hign. “ Old Carolus,” so called, because 
given by Charles V, is “ the greatest and best 
beloved of all the bells of Antwerp, and, in¬ 
deed, of all Belgium.” It is valued at nearly 
$100,000. The description is as interesting as 
a story, and as vivid as a picture, while the 
picture ot the little maid Josephine, born in 
the tower, who was the writer’s guide, is very 
quaint and sweet. Sarah Orne Jewett’s 
serial “A Bit of Color,” is concluded, leaving 
its readers in love with Betty, “ who had a 
won’t-you-please-like-me way with her.” 
“ Teddy and the Wolf” tells how Teddy in 
his brave attempt to protect the family from 
the supposed material wolf, was the means of 
keeping from tho door the figurative “ wolf,” 
that really threatened it. “ Little To-bo ” gives 
some of the quaint sayings of a bright— 
“really ” child, and some of her drawings 
are shown. “ The Goblin Storm,” a Legend 
of Bigstoria, contains a very big story indeed, 
while “ Bingo was His Name ” gives some 
very funny adventures of a little brother and 
sister who “didn’t mean to be bad.” Some 
85 articles make up the number, besides the 
Letter Box and Riddle Box. 
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