4889 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
444 
irarket, ere the “rush” begins, stopping sales 
as soon as prices arop, and living so econo¬ 
mically as to be able to hold his products for 
his own price, which he gets far oftener than 
a careless man would think. The others, by 
meeting the real demands of the market. 
For instance: yellow corn is purchased at 
the mills, to be ground for table use, and 
these men don’t offer white dent there. They 
grow strawberries, grapes, melons, etc., for 
the stores, and make 10-pound, full-milk 
cheeses for sale, that go off “like hot cakes.” 
They make gilt-edged butter and contract it 
for the season at an extra price when the 
cheese market gets slack, and are attentive to 
their business generally. 
5. Very many. Small grain®, potatoes, fat 
beeves, pork and veal used to pay; now they 
do not. Chinch bugs get the small grains, 
and sometimes invade the corn-fields. Beef is 
less than two cents per pound for the best. 
Fork and veal at four cents are too cheap. 
Potatoes and truck are drugs in the market. 
The first change I would suggest would be 
a “Trade Union” cf all the farmers in every 
town. Make the organizations as simple as 
those of school districts,town,county and State 
and as inexpensive as possible. A per capita 
tax of five cents per ai num is quite sufficient, 
if we keep clear of lazy, lying place-men and 
demagogues. Meet often, say, at the school- 
house one evening every week to discuss 
markets, crops, methods; making every meet¬ 
ing a regular “institute” for the elucidation 
of some oue point pertaining to our business. 
Thus organized, we might diffuse a pr- fes- 
sional spirit in the farmers, control the out¬ 
put and the markets in some degree.and better 
the raising of stock seem to be our only finan¬ 
cial salvation. As farmers, we must raise 
better stock, in fact, the very best we can 
possibly produce, and do away with middle¬ 
men, wherever practicable, if we would have 
even a small margin of profit for our own 
labor and the capital invested. w. M. n. 
Neenah. 
FROM CANADA. 
1. The products we depend upon for money 
are wheat, barley, peas, oats and stock. 
2. They are sold mostly here and shipped to 
Eastern markets. 
3. Prices ruled low for wheat until last 
year. The prospects for future prices are 
not very encouraging. 
4. The farmers that get an extra price are 
those who raise a first-rate article. 
5. Several farmers depend more on raising 
good stock and dairy products. They also 
give better cultivation, raise better stock, are 
more industrious ami economical. D. t. s. 
Bugden. 
1. Wheat barley and peas. 
2. Farmers sell to local buyers who ship 
wheat and peas to England and barley to the 
States. 
3. Prices for wheat have ranged from 75 
cents to $1.20; for barley from -15 to 75 cents; 
for peas from 50 to 75 cents. Prospects for 
this year are that prices will rule low. 
4. A few good farmers by raising good 
samples of grain command the highest price. 
5. Farming has not changed much during 
the past 10 years. h. f. 
Wilsouville. 
HACKNEY MARE, MOVEMENT. Fig. 155. 
Re-engraved From The London Live Stock Journal. 
4. No. 
5. A great many. In this section two 
years ago, the farmers’ whole attention was 
given to the growing of wool and the breed¬ 
ing of sheep for the Western market. Within 
the last two or three years they have gone into 
dairying, carrying their milk to co-operative 
factories. This is greatly owing to the great 
advertising the farmers’ institutes have been 
doing in favor of the dairy interests; the busi¬ 
ness has been over-done. There is an over-pro¬ 
duction here or an under-consumption else¬ 
where. 
It would be greatly beneficial to the farm¬ 
ing interests if Congress would so legislate as 
to prevent foreigners or foreign syndicates 
from occuping any of our public domain for 
raising stock or any other purposes. Every 
foreigner should be a resident of the United 
States five years before he is allowed the full 
privileges of American citizenship. Congress 
should so legislate that no Amoric.an or syndi¬ 
cate of Americans should be allowed to oc¬ 
cupy our public domain for the purpose of 
raising stock or tarming in any shape or 
form, working against the actual farmer who 
is makiDg the improvements and paying the 
taxes to support the government. 
These are questions of great interest. When 
we examine our records we find that our real 
estate was never so heavily mortgaged, ac¬ 
cording to its assessed value, as at the present 
time, and why is it that land in York State 
that sold for $75 to $100 per acre 10 and 15 
years ago, is now on the market for $50? 
Caldwell. L. C. W. 
1. Nearly all depend upon cheese and pork. 
2. They are sold mostly to local buyers. 
3. Prices averaged very well until last year. 
Low prices seem probable for farm produce 
this year. 
4. No; for people don’t take pains to raise 
anything of extra quality. 
5. Grain used to be the principal crop 
raised 10 years ago; everybody raises now 
cows and hogs with only grain enough to 
feed. The change has been caused by poor 
grain crops; due to chinch bugs and drought, 
and by the good prices for cheese, when the 
business was new. I would suggest as a mode 
of increasing profits that people should take 
better care of their cows; weed out the poor 
oiies and grade up. It costs no more to keep 
a cow that gives 35 or 40 pounds of milk per 
•lay than one that gives 20 pounds. One man 
here gets 100 pounds per day from three cows. 
Others with six to 10 cows get less than 200 
pounds. The best dairy cows don’t average 30 
pounds apiece at any time. We have seven 
cherse factories in our town. I think the 
farmers ought to work together and sell to 
the consumers and get the middlemen’s profits 
themselves. J. n. l. 
Greenbush. 
1. Stock, dairy products, and potatoes. 
2. To local dealers for the Chicago market. 
3. Beet cattle have been very low for sev¬ 
eral years—two to three cents per pound livo 
weight. Prices for dairy products are very 
good; butter 12 to 20 cents; cheose seven to 
nine conts. Potatoes are the largest crop in 
Ur's section; except during the past year, they 
averaged 45 to 00 cents per bushel. During 
the past season they have brought only eight 
to 20 cents per bushel, and thousands ot 
bushels have been fed out to stock. Future 
prospects are fair. 
4. Yos. By producing first class articles 
for market. 
5. Formerly wheat aud other grains were 
extensively grown; now not enough of these is 
grown for home consumption. Our hope is in 
clover aud better farming. c. c. 
Waupun. 
Wheat, corn, hogs, sheep and dairy prod¬ 
ucts. Wheat has been up to a dollar ami 
down to fill cents. Hogs have ranged from $3 
to $0 per cwt. Farmers who have the best 
products got the best prices. We used to 
raise considerable stock; but that does not 
pay. Farmers have gone into dairying-- 
cheese aud butter makiug. K. s. 
Richland Center. 
1 ami 2 Pork, sold to the packers in La 
Crosse, 25 miles away, ami cream sold on tho 
farm to the Farmers’ Co-operative Creamery 
at Holmen, eight miles off. Sometimes a 
little rye is raised. Corn and wheat are sold 
to grain dealers at the railroad stations. 
3. Low and lower. Prospects threaten tho 
lowest prices of all in the future by reason of 
glutted markets. 
4. Yes, several: One, by being first in the 
our prospects in due time. There should also 
be in connection with the farmers’ unions at 
their places of meeting,some arrangement for 
the exchange, purchase or sale of farm prod¬ 
ucts. There should be halt a dozen “bulletin 
boards” written up, say, as follows: 
FOR SALE OR EXCHANGE. 
4 horses by.T. Day. 
20 bushels seed oats by.S. Roe. 
10 “ clover seed by.J. Brown. 
WANTED. 
4 spring pigs by.T. Day. 
10 bushels seed oats by.P. Roe. 
Holmen. “dot.'* 
1. Tho cash agricultural products of this 
section are wheat, rye, oaks, barley, buck¬ 
wheat, potatoes and hay, together with dairy 
producls, beef and pork. 
2. These are mostly sold in our local towns 
to dealers and shippers, except where cream¬ 
eries or cheese factories are patronized. 
3. Prices here average about the same as in 
Chicago and Milwaukee, with no very bright 
outlook for the future, as the prices for every¬ 
thing grown on the farm are going lower and 
lower. 
4. Farmers who are selling their dairy 
products to consumers, and those who are 
raising extra-good cattle and horses, are the 
men who are getting prices that are above the 
average. 
Much less wheat is raised here than formerly, 
as it is no longer a sure crop, and more de¬ 
pendence is placed upon the dairy and the 
raisiug of draft horses—a business which is 
beginning to claim the attention of many of 
the farmers in this section. Dairying aud 
1. Our cash products are, first, barley, 
then cheese aud horses. 
2. Our barley and horses are bought by 
local buyers mostly for New York State 
markets. 
3. Prices have averaged very low for some 
years, with no prospect of a change for the 
better. 
4. I do not know that any of our farmers 
get more than average prices. 
5. Farming in this section has changed but 
little during the last 10 years, only we have 
improved implements to work with. Peas are 
coming to the front as a cash product. The 
A. B. Cleveland Co. has a branch establish¬ 
ment lu this county and a good many farm¬ 
ers are sowing their peas, under a contract, 
at from 65 cents to $1.10 per bushel. I think 
a thorough system of underdraining would 
make farming more profitable. The pros¬ 
pects for crops are exceedingly good so far 
this year. s. s. M. 
Prince Edward County. 
1. Wheat The yield averages 30 bushels 
per acre, and for 10 years the price has aver¬ 
aged 75 cents per bushel. 
2. At Lake Biers, the railway station. 
3. The prices for four years have been: 
best No. 1 Hard wheat, 50 cents to $1.20; 
average 75 cents per bushel. 
4. No oue has got more than these prices; 
but some have got less, because it was not 
clean. 
5. For two years farms have changed 
hands at advanced prices. As an improve¬ 
ment, I would suggest mixed farming. Peo¬ 
ple ought not to run out their farms while 
they are still young. w. c. H. 
Cypress River, Manitoba. 
1. There are different classes of farmers in 
the vicinity of Montreal: 1. The milkmen 
who feed all they raise to their cattle and sell 
the milk in the city. 2. Those engaged in 
market gardening and orcharding, both of 
which vocations are practiced by the same 
persons with few exceptions. 3. Those who 
sell principally hay and potatoes. 
2. These products are mostly sold in Mon¬ 
treal and Quebec. Occasionally we send po¬ 
tatoes and choice Fameuse apples to the 
United States. 
3. Cheap railway accommodations have 
brought into the city garden produce, milk, 
etc., from a distance, and this has made the 
prices lower these past few years than they 
used to be. 
4. Those who try to excel in growing and 
producing good articles aud marketing them 
in tasteful packages will always get more 
than the average prices. I would suggest 
that orchardists should always brand their 
names on the barrels of fruit they sell, to es¬ 
tablish a good reputation; the same as millers 
do with their flour. 
5. The system of farming has not changed 
much; farmers have gone more extensively in¬ 
to the branches I have mentioned, and are apt 
to over-produce. If we only had free trade and 
could send our potatoes, etc., free of duty 
across the border in return for the vegetables 
that already come in free from the States, it 
would be more profitable. R. b. 
St. Henry of Montreal. 
1. Fall wheat and beans. 
2. We sell to Chatham and the surrounding 
markets. There are three large flouring mills 
in Chatham and they use a large quantity of 
wheat for grinding and shipping to the Lower 
Provinces and the British market, and some 
wheat is sold to middlemen for the English 
market. More beans are raised in Kent 
county than in all the rest of Canada. They 
are sold to grain buyers. Large quantities of 
them go to the American market and the 
Lower Provinces. 
3. Prices for all kinds of grain have been 
low for the last few years; but they were 
very good last year. The prospect for prices 
is better for the future. 
4. There are a few farmers who get better 
prices for their produce than otlurs, by being 
forehanded and not compelled to sell till 
prices are remunerative. They study this 
matter and practice good farming. 
5. Farming has changed somewhat in the 
last 10 or 15 years. Formerly farmers used 
to depend mostly on grain: but now they 
practice mixed husbandry. We can grow the 
very best of corn, barley, peas, oats and all 
kinds of grain and fruits, such as apples, 
pears, peaches, plums, grapes, of the best 
quality, and large quantities are sold here 
yearly. We raise horses, cattle, hogs and 
sheep for shipping to the British market. The 
best change would bo to consume all the 
grain on the farm except wheat and beans. 
By this plan, with good farming and 
plenty of manure that is made by keeping 
plenty of stock, farming would pay well, with 
the Rural New-Yorker to guide us. 
Chatham. a. mc d. 
FROM IOWA. 
1. Horses, cattle, hogs, dairy products, 
corn and oats 
2. A great many heavy draft horses are rais¬ 
ed in this section. They are bought and shipped 
East, mostly to the large cities. Fat cattle 
are also shipped to Chicago, aud so are the 
hogs, which are mostly bought by local buy¬ 
ers. Those that are dairying sell their milk 
to the creameries, receiving back the sour 
milk which they feed to their calves and pigs. 
There are a few farmers who continue to 
raise corn and oats for money crops, which 
they sell mostly to the stock farmers in their 
neighborhood. 
3. Prices have been good, but are rathe 
on the decline. 
4. There are a few who raise full-blood 
horses and cattle, that get fancy prices for 
them; but I cannot say whether they realize 
J 1 
J 
... ...... * 
— 
Fig. 154. 
any more profit from their farms than 
their neighbors. 
5. Farming has changed but little with 
the exception that more stock is raised and 
less grain is shipped. If farmers would go 
over less ground and do more thorough work, 
I think they would receive more profit from 
their work. a. b. t. 
Montieello. 
1. Hogs, cattle, corn, oats, and milk. 
