THE BUBAL MEW' 
463 
quiremcnts. He will also find that riding cul¬ 
tivators are easier to handle than walking 
cultivators, besides saving an infinite amount 
of walking. Walking cultivators are tongue¬ 
less with the exception of one or two makes. 
C. K. will find, as the majority of farmers 
have found, that more work and better can 
be done with a riding than with any walking 
cultivator ever made, both relatively and ab¬ 
solutely. 
J. H. A., Randolph, N. Y.—C. K., Belle¬ 
ville, N. J. asks for a two horse cultivator. 
P. P. Mast makes the simplest and best I have 
eeD. I have used one for five years and 
think it would please him. 
POINTERS. 
John Gould says, in the Weekly Press, that 
it is a mistake to suppose that sour cream 
makes more butter from the cream than 
sweet. Souring adds nothing; it simply as¬ 
sists the churn to recover more fat from the 
cream. In sweet cream the emulsion is per¬ 
fect. If sweet cream is diluted about three 
times its bulk in water at 80 degrees, and al¬ 
lowed to rise a second time, the difference 
between the amount of sweet and sour cream 
butter will be inconsiderable, sho wing that 
souring the cream is, after all, only another 
way of liberating butter fats from the com¬ 
bined sugar, cheese, and fibrin emulsion. It 
was asserted by the late Professor Arnold 
that the adding of a small amount of pure 
cider vinegar to sweet cream just as the churn 
started would cause all the fats to come. 
lx a Scotch exchange (so says the Breeder’s 
Gazette), it is narrated that last year when 
the price of potatoes was so low that they 
were fed quite freely to stock in some in¬ 
stances, a farmer of an inquiring turn of 
mind determined to test the preservative 
power of the silo on them and accordingly cut 
a quantity and placed them among chaff at 
the bottom of the “pit.” Upon opeuing the 
silo recently the potatoes were found—so the 
f iccount avers—as fresh as the day they were 
oca roerated, so to sp«ak, and the cattle evince 
ajdecided appreciation of them if the avidity 
with which they are devoured be taken as 
evidence. 
It has been found, says Hiram Smith of 
Wisconsin, that by raising a crop of fodder 
corn and putting it into the silo every acre 
will winter three cows and there is hardly one 
acre in Wisconsin that will winter one cow. 
Corn put in the silo makes a great deal bet¬ 
ter feed than hay, and makes as good butter 
as ever was made in June, and the change 
from summer to winter dairying costs almost 
nothing. It may be done gradually; the cost 
is nothing,and there is all the time an increase 
of production. 
Mr Smith’s first silo was filled with corn, 
fed to 10 cows in the barn. He filled the 
silo from less than three acres, and kept 10 
cows over the winter and three cows until the 
last of August, so as to see wbat the effect 
would be on the production of milk in the 
winter. They were confined in a small, dry 
yard; there is a shed in the yard, and water 
from a spring running through a pipe. They 
had plenty of water and all the silage they 
could eat, aud eight pounds of bran. He fed 
a little hay, but they did not care for it; 
therefore he led the cows all winter until the 
last of August without any other feed, prac¬ 
tically, but silage and wheat middlings or 
bran. 
Mme. Georges Bruant. A writer in the 
London Garden, says that the new hybrid Ru- 
gosa raised from a cross between Rosa rugosa 
and the Bourbon Tea Sombreuil, is now flower¬ 
ing freely. The buds are fuller and better 
formed than those of last year, though still 
somewhat rough-looking; but from their pure 
whiteness they are decidedly effective on the 
plant, which is exceedingly vigorous and 
free, and their fragrance is simply delicious. 
Because farmers cannot accumulate 
wealth, it is the fashion, says the N. Y. Times, 
to declare that they are poor aud that farm¬ 
ing does not pay. This is contradicted by the 
plainest facts. Can those be poor who pro¬ 
duce the wealth of the world; whose products 
feed and clothe the world, and whose own ne¬ 
cessities are first provided for most bcunti- 
fully ?. 
Forty years ago the American farmer 
thought himself rich if after his domestic sup¬ 
plies were secured, he bad a little left for 
n odorete luxuiy. There are rich poor men 
pud poor rich piui, and tfie farmers who so 
wrongly think or imagine themselves to be 
poor are really the rich ones in all that makes 
one contented and happy in a rational and 
true way. 
For an industrious, reasonably skillful 
farmer may have such an income from his 
farm, all counted, as would be thought liberal 
by a city man who pays hig h rents and prices 
for what cost the farmer nothing that be 
counts, and who cannot afford the hire of 
horses and carriage, which the farmer never 
figures up. The wastes of farm life are fewer 
and less; the healthfulness of it far surpasses 
that of a city bouse, the comforts are more 
and greater, every physical need is better sup¬ 
plied, and the necessities of the mind are met 
incomparably better . . 
To right-thinking persons and those who 
are able to manage their affairs with dis¬ 
cretion every advantage is fn favor of the 
farmer, and where he complains of hardships 
or disadvantages the city dweller suffers every 
one that he does to a far greater extent. If 
the farmer complains of his work let him 
think of tne artisan of the city depending up¬ 
on the favor of an employer and spending his 
wages as they are earned, with the complete 
stoppage of income if he is sick, and the slave 
of the bell or whistle which calls him to his 
toil and holds him there without cessation un¬ 
til the hours are fully told, and compare this 
with his own circumstances. 
The Red cedar, says Garden and Forest, 
is the most widely distributed of North Amer¬ 
ican conifers, and in some parts of the 
country it is one of the most common trees; 
but it is in a few favored localities only that 
it grows in a way to produce the straight¬ 
grained material essential for pencil-making. 
The distillation of oil of cedar, for which 
there is now a large commercial demand, 
from the sawdust and other refuse, has been 
profitable in the pencil-mills at Cedar Keys in 
Florida, and might be carried on to advantage 
in other parts of the country. It can be made, 
of course, from wood of the poorest quality. 
The London Lite Stock Journal has a 
wholesome belief in the arguments which 
have been advanced by Prof. Fleming and 
Mr. Dollar, veterinary surgeon to the Prince 
of Wales, that peculiar hoofs require peculiar 
methods of shoeing. Anybody who enters a 
shoemaker’s shop must be struck with the 
show of lasts—not one of which is the same. 
There are no lasts for horses’ hoofs; but if we 
had, the variety would be very interesting. 
In fact the horse’s hoof, like the man’s foot, 
must be measured and fitted... 
“One now sees farmers buying light, shal¬ 
low-running cultivators and harrows, when 
but a few years ago a cultivator must be a 
subsoiler or nothing. That now and then a 
man succeeds admirably by deep cultivation 
of corn is no argument when the one success 
must disprove a whole line of average fail¬ 
ures. The old argument that cutting off the 
top-rools made the lower ones run deeper and 
make a larger layer of fibrous feeders is not 
being proved. 
The drill system of planting is coming in 
very fast here and is very satisfactory all 
around. This year many are using force-feed 
wheat drills to plant corn with. They stop 
up all the feed throats but two, three and a 
half feet apart, shut down the feed so as to get 
on about six quarts per acre, and if after 
dragging they find too much corn they pull 
out some. Others use the single rower that 
drops a grain of corn each 10 or 12 inches. 
This system causes better preparation of the 
ground and few farmers now say: ‘Get in the 
corn in any shape; the land can be fitted as 
we cultivate.’ 
So says John Gould in the "Weekly Press— 
and so, to-day, say the majority of progres¬ 
sive farmers. But 12 years ago the R. N.-Y. 
Etood alone in its earnest advocacy of “shal¬ 
low cultivation, drill-planting and surface 
fertilizing.” It was several years after this 
that Dr. Sturtevant, the American Agricul¬ 
turist and a few other journals were advocat¬ 
ing “root pruning.”. 
Prof. C. V. Riley makes the following re¬ 
markable statement in the American Agricul¬ 
turist: 
“At River Edge, N. J., they found last 
season that a mixture of pyrethrum and water 
made a very excellent liquid to spray upon 
the vines. It destroyed all of the insects 
which it touched and seemed also to have a 
preventive action. The proper proportion 
can only be obtained by further experiment. 
Co). Pearson, of New Jersey, has also fouud 
that the original fungicide mixture of sul¬ 
phide of copper and lime and water sprayed 
upon grape vines has both a poisoning and 
deterring effect upon the rose-bug. This in¬ 
sect is one which 1 hope to have a good series 
of experiments made upon with a view of 
determining just what is best to be done.” 
The Italics are curs. There are several de¬ 
cidedly erroneous statements in the above, 
which the Agriculturist and Prof. Riley ought 
to correct, T|ip pyrethrum water did not 
“destroy all of the insects which it touched.” 
Neither did it seem to have “a deterring effect.” 
We found it necessary to spray all infested 
plants nearly every day during the bight of 
the rose-bug season. Most of the beetles re¬ 
ceiving the spray would in 20 minutes or Jess 
either fall to the ground or fly away. In the 
former case they would lie on the ground or 
grass and wriggle for from six to 24 hours. 
Some would die; many would recover. These 
results were verified by collecting the beetles 
after they had received the spray and placing 
them in tomato cans covered with mosquito 
netting. As for the “proper proportions.” 
these are well known and no further experi¬ 
ment is called for. Supposing that the powder 
is fresh and pure, one heaping table-spoonful to 
one gallon of water will affect the beetles in 
just the same way that a larger quantity will 
do, while less than that has been found less 
effective. In fact the table-spoonful of pow¬ 
der to one gallon of water is just as effective 
as if the beetles were treated to the dry pow¬ 
der. We are not aware that Col. Pearson 
ever said that he found copper sulphate (not 
“sulphide”) and lime (the Bordeaux Mixture) 
“has both a poisoning and deterring effect up¬ 
on the roso-bug.” He thought it might have 
since the sprayed vines were, it seemed, less 
infested than those not sprayed. 
Now the R. N.-Y. with a view to testing 
this question, sprayed about half of its vines 
thoroughly with the Bordeaux Mixture. 
Some of those so sprayed (Moore’s Early and 
Berckmans, e. g. ) were injured more by the 
rose-beetles than any of those not sprayed.... 
A writer in the American Agriculturist, 
after giving the details of a potato experiment 
made by himself, says: 
“A valuable experiment, and one well worth 
trying by any one interested in the matter, 
would be to fertilize a number of similar and 
adjacent sections of ground with gradually 
increasing amounts of fertilizer (say 200 
pounds, 300 pounds, etc., to the acre), and 
determine which gave the maximum economy 
—t, e., the greatest net gain after deducting 
the cost of fertilizer from the value of the crop. 
This is one of the experiments the R. N.-Y. 
began, at least 10 years ago and has contin¬ 
ued since. The results are (1) that the more 
impoverished the soil, the greater is the in¬ 
crease of crop from increased quantities of 
high-grade potato fertilizer up to 1,800 pounds 
to the acre. A larger quantity of fertilizer 
(2,000 pounds) increases the crop, but the mar¬ 
gin ot profit then becomes doubtful. Second, 
if the land needs all kinds of plant food, the 
crop will not profitably be increased by the 
use of one or any two. Third, that the richer 
the land, the less is the crop increased by fer¬ 
tilizers. The R. N.-Y. commenced these ex¬ 
periments when experiment stations were 
scarcely known In this country. 
The experiments of this kind being carried 
on the present season at the Rural Grounds, as 
judged by the vines, are more emphatic than 
ever before in answering, without any con¬ 
tradictions, the question of how much fertil¬ 
izer may profitably be given the potato. Be¬ 
ginning with 440 pounds to the acre, the 
amount increases to 880,1,760 and 2,200. There 
are four duplicates and in every case, the 
larger quantity of fertilizer is plainly shown 
by the larger vines. 
DIRECT. 
New York Herald: 
“Mrs. R B. Hayes, the friend of unfashion¬ 
able virtues. 
-Farm Journal: 
“Cross-bred pigs will grow the fastest. 
One long pig will outweigh two chubs. 
Save the pigs with long bodies for next 
year. 
The best breed is no breed; that is cross¬ 
bred. 
Use a thoroughbred sire aDd a sow with the 
most length of body. 
If the old sows have done well, winter them. 
Do not keep them fat. 
-The coming horse for the farm should 
be a mule. The mule can be kep on one-third 
less than the horse. 
-A Very simple method of curing the gapes 
in chicks, and one that is successful in the 
hands of some persons, is to pinch the wind¬ 
pipe. With the left hand hold the head of the 
bird up aud the neck straight, and with the 
thumb aud finger of the right hand pinch the 
wind-pipe smartly, slightly rolling it. Begin 
as low down as possible and follow it upward 
to the mouth. Be careful to release it fre¬ 
quently to give the bird a chance to cough up 
the crushed parasites.” 
-Puck: “The burglar makes hay while the 
moon shines.” 
-Henry Stewart: “The new ‘invention,’ 
so called ot ripening cream by the use of a 
lactic ferment, which has been claimed to 
baye been made by a Mr Boyd } ft pjfgpipjy 
owner in Illinois, is said to consist of a mix¬ 
ture with sweet cream of a certain quantity 
of soured skimmed-milk which has been 
warmed to 90 degrees and then kept for 24 
hours in a close vessel from contact with air. 
This soured milk, or “lactic ferment,” is 
called a “ starter.” There is nothing new in 
this process in principle. It is simply souring 
the cream by adding sour milk to it, and this 
had been done years ago by our grandmothers 
in effect, but not precisely by the use of a 
closed vessel to put the warmed milk in to 
sour. It has been quite common to pour the 
remnants of the cream ripened in the usual 
old-fashioned manner into the fresh cream to 
sour it in time for churning. In fact, in the 
business of dairying, as in other agricultural 
methods, more has been forgotten than many 
persons who claim to be inventors of Dew 
processes ever knew.” 
-Thomas Meehan in the Philadelphia Press: 
“The York and Lancaster rose, with its beauti¬ 
ful striped flowers, is now uncommon in 
gardens, though here and there to be found 
in country yards. These and all other roses 
can be increased by layering at this season. 
A slow but sure way. Small depressions in 
lawns can be readily filled up by sprinkling 
fine earth over them a little at a time. 
Strong grass will easily push through half an 
inch of earth Put it on right after a 
mowing.” 
-Prof. A. J. Cook, in N. Y.Tribune:“Mr. 
J. A Pearce,Grand Rapids, Mich., had a fine 
apiary of fifty-eight colonies this spring, when 
the fruit-trees blossomed. A neighbor spravod 
his orchard when in full bloom, while Mr. 
Pearce’s bees were working in full force. 
Result: the bees are seriously poisoned; are 
dying rapidly.” 
-Hiram Smith:” You see, a cow will chew 
her cud six hours every day if she is properly 
fed, and that is about as hard work as chew¬ 
ing gum.” 
-Lieut.Gov. Jones: “The more a man 
knows the greater will be his veneration for 
the man who knows more than he.” 
-Longfellow : 
“Study yourselves: and most of all note well. 
Wherein kind nature meant you to excel.” 
For Sunstroke 
Use U orator it’s Acid Phosphate. 
Dr. A. L. Zubkkr, Melrose, Minn., says : 
“ It produced a gratifying and remarkable 
regenerating effect in a case ot sunstroke.”— 
Adv. 
Purify the Blood. 
We do not claim that Hood’s Sarsaparilla is ths 
only medicine deserving public confidence, but 
we believe that to purify the blood, to restore and 
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unequalled. The influence of the blood upon 
the health cannot be over-estimated. If it be¬ 
comes contaminated, the train of consequences 
by which the health is undermined is immeasur¬ 
able. Loss of Appetite, Low Spirits, Headache, 
Dyspepsia, Debility, Nervousness and other 
“ little (?) ailments ” are the premonitions of 
more serious and often fatal results. Try 
Hood’s Sarsaparilla 
Sold by all druggists. $1; six for $5. Made 
only by C. I. HOOD & CO., Lowell, Mass. 
IOO Doses One Dollar 
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For a. Disordered Liver try Beecham's Pills. 
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