4869 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
SOS 
CATALOGUES, ETC., RECEIVED. 
N EW HAMPSHIRE EXPERIMENT 
STATION.—First Annual report. The 
law creating the experiment stations provides 
that they shall report yearly to the governing 
authorities. The New Hampshire report is 
the first we have seen. Others will doubtless 
soon follow. This report contains a general 
review of the work of the year, and reprints 
the various bulletins that were issued from 
time to time. The station seems determined 
to devote its chief energies to dairy and stock¬ 
feeding problems. Cream raising, ensilage 
and stock feeding are some of the subjects 
that receive special prominence. There are 
one or two things in this report that are im¬ 
portant enough to demand a second thought. 
It has always been the rule with agricultural 
instructors to advise farmers to “ reduce” 
bones by composting them with wood ashes, 
keeping the mass well moistened. The R. N.- 
Y. has been of the opinion that burning the 
bones would be the cheaper plan in the end. 
Some experiments at the New Hampshire 
Station put a new face on this matter. In all 
cases where ashes were used to reduce bones 
the soluble phosphoric acid was made insol¬ 
uble; while the ashes cause the bones to 
crumble, the loss by reversion is too great to 
be offset by this improved mechanical con¬ 
dition. Director Whitcher says regarding 
this practice: 
“ Liebig conferred a lasting favor upon 
agriculture when he taught the use of sul¬ 
phuric acid as a means of rendering soluble 
the phosphoric acid in bone; but whoever en¬ 
courages the use of ashes as a means of fer¬ 
menting and preparing bone manure, not only 
cancels the good work of Liebig, but in place 
of it introduces a practice which is the very 
reverse, namely, rendering insoluble that 
which was available or soluble before fermen¬ 
tation took place. There is also a loss of ni¬ 
trogen in the process, which makes the dam¬ 
age still greater.” 
In the dairy department, Mr. Wood gives 
the results of some experiments with churn¬ 
ing sweet and sour cream. He estimates that, 
on an average, 20 per cent, of the fat in milk is 
lost either in the skimmed milk or butter-milk. 
He says that when we churn at a temperature 
of 50 to 55 degrees there is no practical differ¬ 
ence in the thoroughness with which sweet 
and sour cream may be churned. If we are to 
churn at a temperature above 00 or 02 degrees 
there is a profit in allowing the cream to be¬ 
come slightly acid. While none of Mr. Wood’s 
experiments are conclusive, it seems to the 
R- N.-Y. as though he inclines towards advo¬ 
cating the churning of sweet cream at a lower 
temperature than that usually employed. He 
is careful, however, to urge those who churn 
at a low temperature to avoid overloading 
the churn. A churn from one-fourth to two- 
fifths full has given him the most satisfaction. 
Again, there is greater danger in having the 
cream too thin than there is in having it too 
rich and thick. “A cream yielding one pound 
of butter from 2% pounds of cream is a good 
standard.” 
The English Sparrow.— This is the title 
of a large book of 408 pages with numerous 
tables and illustrations, and a large map that 
is sent out by Dr. Merriam, of the Depart¬ 
ment of Agriculture, if this ponderous vol¬ 
ume were an argument against trusts or an¬ 
archy, or some other social wrong, there might 
be some dignity about ic, but to hurl it at the 
little English sparrow seems like taking a Gat- 
ling gun to shoot a house-fly. The volume 
proves most conclusively that the English 
sparrow is a great nuisance. As nine out of 
every ten persons who know the bird have 
long been convinced of this fact, we do rot 
see the exact need of this ponderous explana¬ 
tion. Agriculture has better uses for money 
than this. Imagine the good that would re¬ 
sult to American agriculture if the pains-tak- 
ing search and laborious investigation that 
are evidenced in this work could be spent 
upon some more practical subject. 
Colic of Horses.— In Bulletin No. 2, Vol¬ 
ume II. of the Ohio Experiment Station, 
(Columbus, Ohio), Dr. Detmers has a lengthy 
article on the above subject. It is a learned 
article, and, so far as we can judge from a 
hasty reading, tells about all one can tell 
about this disease. But it is too long. Does 
Dr. Detmers realize how long it will take the 
average farmer to read this volume under¬ 
standing^? “If inflammatory processes, es¬ 
pecially in the peritoueum, are developing, a 
good and promptly acting counter-irritaut, 
applied to the flanks, will have a tendency to 
reduce the inflammatory process in the in¬ 
terior of the abdominal cavity.” There we 
have a sample sentence. The man who gets 
up the veterinary notes in the “Spavin Cure” 
almanac can put that into six words aud his 
“ cure ” will attract 10 readers where one can 
be induced to read this able discussion of the 
causes aud treatment of a daugerous and 
common disease. This bulletin presents an 
excellent example of the class of work that 
will do the station little good. “ Words, 
words, words! ” as Hamlet says. 
Gentlemen, you must remember that you 
are not talking to a class in the lecture room, 
but to a class of business men who want the 
facts, presented in a simple manner. It would 
take too long to prepare a synopsis of this 
bulletin. The R. N.-Y. understands that the 
Department of Agriculture, at Washington, 
is soon to begin the publication of pamphlets 
on the various diseases of domestic animals. 
We hope the Department will not take this 
one as a model. 
Forest Tree Planter's Manual.— This 
pamphlet of 55 pages, is published by the 
Minnesota State Forestry Association, and 
sent by C. L. Smith, Minneapolis, Minn. The 
object of the author was to prepare a handy 
manual for the use of all who were in any 
way interested in forest tree planting. It is 
an excellant book. 
Out-Door Silos. —A year ago the R. N.-Y. 
gave Prof C. S. Plumb’s experience with si¬ 
lage stacks. In the report of the Farm Su¬ 
perintendent of the Geneva Experiment Sta¬ 
tion, we find an account of further experi¬ 
ments with an “out-door” silo. This “silo” is 
simply a stack of green stalks or nay very 
tightly pressed by means of boards and wire 
ropes which are drawn into place by wheels 
and levers working much like an ordinary 
hay press. The first experiment, 1887, was not, 
in all respects a success. Early in September, 
1888, another experiment was begun. Founda¬ 
tion for the stack was made by spiking togeth¬ 
er three sets of two-inch planks which were 
14 feet long and 10 inches wide. These were 
placed edgewise on the ground about 3% feet 
apart, and on them were placed planks form¬ 
ing a low table 10 feet square. Joists four by 
four inches square and 14 feet high were rais¬ 
ed at the corners perpendicular to the bottom, 
and stayed for guides in building the stack. 
September 14, 16,681 pounds of stalks were 
put on the foundation. These made a heap 9% 
feet high. Four loads were placed within the 
joists and when the filling had reached the top 
edges they were raised their width. The green 
corn stalks were drawn fresh from the field, 
weighed, and piled on the stack with the buts 
all brought out to the board guides. In lay¬ 
ing on the stalks great care was taken to keep 
the top level. This was accomplished by put¬ 
ting in thin layers and placing the buts of the 
second layer over the bent-in tops of the first, 
with the next two layers put on in the same 
way at right angles to the first. These four 
layers would fill about the width of the boards. 
On the 15th, 6,518 pounds of sorghum were 
put on. The sorghum was three feet deep, but 
raised the pile to only 10% feet. Then 9,406 
pounds of corn were put on the last thing at 
night (Saturday), which raised the stack near¬ 
ly to the top of the joists. The corn was 9 to 
12 feet tall and most of it bore pretty well de¬ 
veloped oars. This fact probably made the 
stack more solid in the middle, hence a little 
crowning ? and this combined with the slippery 
character of the sorghum plants, caused the 
top to slide off before the weighting could be 
done the following Monday morning. This 
could not be properly replaced without re¬ 
moving the whole stack, so a new foundation 
was laid exactly like the first and the corn 
and sorghum which slid from No. 1. were put 
on it in the same way as given for building 
No. 1. Enough more corn was put on No. 2 
from the field to make the whole somewhat 
more than 10 feet high. 
Eight or 10 inches of straw were strewn over 
the top and partly covered with plank laid 
at right-angles to the improvised timbers in 
the bottom. Three other timbers, each made 
of plank in the same way as those at the 
bottom, were then laid across the top aud so 
braced that they would not tip down when 
apply ing pressure, and pressure was applied by 
means of chains and the levers. A roof with 
about 30 degrees’ pitch was then attached to 
the timber by which the pressure was applied 
so its weight was added to the pressure ob¬ 
tained from the levers. Silo No. 1 was simply 
covered with about two feet of straw and a 
board roof was laid on without further p~es- 
sure. At the time silo No. 2, was being built up 
from the material which had begun to heat up 
in No. 1, the temperature was taken in many 
places, showing that the highest degree 
reached aud indicated by the thermometer at 
the time was 134 degrees F. Exposure to the 
air and consequent cooling after heating up 
so much were considered against the good 
keeping of the silage. 
The stacks were opened January 16, 1S89. 
The condition of the silage, taken vertically 
from the bottom, was as follows. Twenty 
inches of bottom fresh green; 15 inches sorg¬ 
hum brown, yet feedable; 20 inches corn 
above sorghum brown, yet maybe feedable; 
13 inches corn on top, somewhat brown yet 
eedable. It was thought that the second 
handling of the corn injured the quality of 
the silage. There seem to be two serious ob¬ 
jections to the out-door silo: the large propor¬ 
tion of loss and the inclemency of our climate 
wnen the silage is to be fed. On the whole, it 
looks as though the American silo had better 
bo built in the barn. 
Dntmst’l Societies, 
THE ROYAL AGRICULTURAL SHOW 
AT WINDSOR PARK. 
(RURAL SPECIAL REPORT.) 
The finest shoiv in the Society's history, a 
fine display of light and heavy horses; a 
cattle exhibit to he remembered ; excellent 
shows of sheep and swine. 
The exhibition commemorating the semi¬ 
centennial of the foundation of this the great¬ 
est of English societies, is said to be the best 
ever held. Not many agricultural societies 
can boast a queen for a president; not many 
can welcome exhibitors and visitors to a 
royal park, in the shadow of a royal castle. 
All these favoring circumstances, conspired 
with the efforts of the best breeders among 
the nobility and gentry, and the munificent 
prizes offered, to make it truly a royal show in 
more senses than one. The park attached to 
Windsor Castle, one of Royalty’s favorite res¬ 
idences, 22 miles west of London, comprises 
about 1,800 acres; but the space inclosed for 
the show was about 150, and this was literally 
covered, the whole exhibition, with the single 
exception of the Queen’s pavilion, being under 
canvas. The buildings were all 20 feet wide, 
those in which cattle and horses were exhib¬ 
ited being divided in the middle, 10 
feet being devoted to stalls, and 10 to spectators 
while those for sheep and swine have a double 
row of pens through the middle. The judging 
is all done on the first day, in open rings 
where the judges’ work may be viewed by all 
the spectators. Then during the remainder of 
the show the visitors may study the prize¬ 
winners, and thus be educated in a practical 
way. I have been particularly interested in 
observing the different breeds of horses and 
cattle, and in comparing them with what may 
be seen at exhibitions in our own country. 
The arrangement of the horses is admir¬ 
able, the light horses being placed in a class 
by themselves, and the heavy breeds the same, 
so that one may view the individuals of any 
particular breed together. The light horses 
were placed first, and of these the Hunters 
make up nearly half of all the entries, there 
being 258 out of 571 in this class. Mr. Burdett- 
Coutts, whose name may be familiar to some 
Americans, was among the exhibitors in this 
and some other classes. The Cleveland Bays 
and Coach-horsas were classed together, and 
although the number of entries was not large, 
some very fine animals were shown. These 
valuable breeds should receive more attention 
on both sides of the water. The Hackney 
class was well filled with fine animals, both for 
harness and saddle. The entries in the pony 
class were very light. The different classes for 
Shire horses were well filled, and there were 
many fine animals of this popular breed. 
Prof. G. E. Morrow, of the Illinois University, 
witnessed the judging in this department and 
expressed himself as much pleased with the 
champions. The show of Clydesdales was 
excellent, and in some classes the number of 
entries was very large. The class of two- 
year-old colts w T as especially fine, and the 
judges had much difficulty in deciding as to 
which of two especially fine animals should 
receive the first prize, First Choice finally re¬ 
ceiving the award. There were a large num¬ 
ber of Suffolks, comprising some very fine 
specimens. A very striking feature is their 
great uniformity as to size, color and charac¬ 
ter, as compared with some of the other 
breeds. Some of the older exhibitors claim 
that this breed is not what it was 30 years 
ago. The entries for asses were numerous, 
and the fine animals exhibited were a surprise 
to many of the Englishmen present. 
The display of cattle was a good one in all 
respects, and the number of entries was large 
in nearly every class. There were 216 entries 
of Short-horns which is the favorite breed 
with the beef-eating Englishmen. Indeed it 
seems to be difficult for an Englishman to 
speak favorably of any animal which does 
not show good beef points, no matter to what 
breed it belongs. The Herefonis are said to 
have made their greatest show since “Farmer 
George’s ” day. They are very attractive in 
the show-ring on account of their uniform 
markings, and regular outlines. The hard}' 
Devons, although not so numerous as some of 
the other breeds, were insufficient numbers to 
attract considerable attention. Some of their 
admirers say that they cannot be surpassed 
dv any of the bovine race. A breed which 
seems to be growing in favor is the Sussex. 
It is a beef-breed, however. In contra¬ 
distinction to the Short-horns, there were 
a few Long-horns • exhibited, but the 
breed seems to have suffered a de¬ 
cline, very few breeding them at present. 
The exhibit of polled cattle was quite large 
and represented the R,ed Polled Norfolk and 
Suffolk, and the black Galloway and Aberdeen- 
Angus breeds. The Ayrshires, Jerseys and 
Guernseys were present in quite large num 
bers for an English show, but John Bull could 
see little to praise in these breeds except their 
large udders, and these are a secondary con¬ 
sideration with a nation of beef-eaters. Dur¬ 
ing the present long-continued period of agri¬ 
cultural distress, however, attention to butter, 
cheese and milk production has greatly in¬ 
creased year after year, and of late the dairy 
breeds have been pushing steadily to the front 
and may soon dispute for the most important 
positions with the beef breeds. 
The show of sheep was good both in num¬ 
ber and quality, the Shropshires leading all 
the other breeds. They were closely followed, 
however, by South Downs, Hampshire Downs, 
Oxford Downs, Cotswolds, and some others 
which made a smaller display. 
In the goat department, a hornless be-goat 
with the American name of Buffalo Bill, was 
shown. There were very few Angoras. 
In the swine department there were a large 
number of excellent Berkshires, Large 
Whites, and Tam worths, with a considerable 
number of specimens of the black breeds. 
Asa “ kicker ” over the awards of the judges, 
the Englishman is fully equal to bis American 
cousin, and he isn’t slow to make known his 
causes of complaint. a. c. y. 
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