4886 
a 
548 
CATALOGUES, ETC., RECEIVED. 
T exas feeding experiments.— 
Bulletin No. 6 from the Texas Experi¬ 
ment Station. 
The experiments recorded in this bulletin 
were conducted with a view to answering the 
following questions - 
1. Is there any practicable method of 
sheltering range steers in winter feeding, and 
will it be profitable? 
2. What feed stuffs that are obtainable in 
the State will give the best results in propor¬ 
tion to cost? 
3. Can the common, unimproved Texas 
steer be fattened with profit? 
These questions appear at first sight to be of 
local interest only, yet when we consider the 
fact that under the present systems of beef 
distribution we are all liable to be called up¬ 
on to eat beef from Texas, we can see that 
anything that promises to improve the 
quality of that beef is of general interest. 
Texas feeders will be prompted to study the 
details of the experiments; the general public 
will be interested in the conclusions. 
Director Gulley concludes that shelter for 
Texas cattle is necessary, and that dehorning 
is essential to make sheltering range cattle 
practicable. Silage forms an economical food. 
It can be made from corn, sorghum, or pea- 
vines. Cotton-seed hulls are also valuable. 
For the richer part of the ration, use boiled cot¬ 
ton seed, cotton-seed meal with some corn, 
rice meal or rice bran, in sections where they 
could bo procured cheaply. This, it must be 
remembered, is for Texas. The cheapest and 
most fattening ration was found to be silage 
and boiled cotton seed; then followed cotton¬ 
seed meal and cotton-seed hulls; cotton-seed 
meal, cotton-seed hulls and silage; raw 
cotton seed and silage, and corn and hay at 
local prices. It was found that cattle fed on 
boiled cotton seed relish a considerable 
amount of salt. Some experiments were also 
made to determine the feeding value of sugar- 
eane bagasse. Analysis indicates a value for 
this bagasse not much below that of corn 
silage. Bagasse from the smaller sugar mills 
could doubtless be preserved in silos. A year 
ago the R. N.-Y. gave some facts regarding 
the feeding value of sorghum bagasse as it 
came from a northern mill. We shall have 
more to say about this later on. Under the 
head of “Suggestions to Feeders.” Director 
Gulley has the following to say : 
Two things are essential in fattening ani¬ 
mals: 
1. To keep the animal comfortable and 
quiet. 
2. To induce him to eat the largest possible 
amount of nutritious food. 
One is of little value without the other. To 
keep the cattle comfortable, shelter from rain 
is indispensable. Cattle fall off as rapidly 
during a cold, rainy spell in Texas with the 
temperature at the freezing point, or a little 
under as they do in Dakota with the tempera¬ 
ture below zero. 
Range cattle, as a rule, will not do their 
best under close confinement, i. e., tied up by 
the head. They may be shut up in a building, 
but need room to move around. 
Wild cattle must be handled quietly. This 
point we wish to emphasize , for it is entirely 
overlooked by too many cattlemen. A bark¬ 
ing dog and a noisy, loud-mouthed man are 
two things that should never be permitted to 
enter a cattle feeding-pen. It should be re¬ 
membered that when a naturally wild steer is 
struck with a whip, or disturbed in any way, 
he stops gaining weight for a time, and food 
consumed is a loss. 
This is not a sentiment, but a ousiuess mat¬ 
ter of working the animal machine to its full 
capacity. Dehorning seems to affect a wild 
steer somewhat as ‘ * throwing” affects the horse 
in the Rarey method of breaking colts. Then 
the head remaining sensitive for some time, 
wild steers are subdued and stand quietly to¬ 
gether in a way that must be seen to be be¬ 
lieved. 
We are of the opinion that steers should lie 
dehorned but a short time before shutting up 
to feed so that they may be fattened while 
their heads are somewhat tender. 
North Carolina Experiment Station.— 
Bulletin 63 gives a report of a continuation 
of the tests of seeds, begun in 1888. The fol¬ 
lowing deductions may be drawn from the 
experiments thus far conducted:— 
1. Grass and clover seeds deteriorate very 
rapidly with age, and generally are not worth 
sowing after they are two years old. 
2. That aged and deteriorated seeds are 
often sold by local store-keepers. 
3. That farmers should test samples before 
purchasing seeds, and purchase directly from 
some reliable seed-grower, or from a local 
merchant who will guarantee the quality of 
his seed. 
4. That a trustworthy standard of value 
for seeds, with laws, if necessary, to enforce 
its observance, is very badly needed. 
Under the head of “Laboratory Notes” we 
are told that stable manure, in dryiug, loses 
but little of its ammonia, A pile of 
manure was exposed to a slow current of dry 
air, which was afterwards tested for am¬ 
monia. It was found that the amount taken 
from the manure by the air was inconsider¬ 
able. This matter was brought up during the 
R. N.-Y.’s recent visit to Cranbury, N. J. 
The practice there is to spread stable manure 
on the sod in August or whenever, during the 
summer, it can be hauled. Objection was 
made to this plan that the sun and air would 
“ dry out ” the ammonia. Farmers had not 
noticed such a process. The above recorded 
experiment, would indicate that the practice 
was reasonable. The sun, however, made the 
manure hard and cloddy, though its mulching 
effect on the sod was good. 
Delaware Experiment Station.— Bulle¬ 
tin 5 contains a paper on soed testing. The 
tests seem to have been conducted with a 
great deal of care. In one sample of Red 
Clover seed 9.18 per cent, of impurities was 
found. Among the weed seeds present were 
plantain, rag weed, pig-weed, sorrel, dock 
and catnip. There were weed seeds enough 
in this sample to plant one seed every six 
inches in drills nine inches apart, supposing 
the usual amount of clover seed to be used per 
acre. Tests as to the vitality of seeds were 
also conducted. Prof. Chester does not seem 
to think that a difference of a few per cent, in 
the germination of seeds is of very much im¬ 
portance. He says that one pound of clover 
seed contains about 284,000 seeds. When we 
sow eight pounds, we get 2,272,000 seeds, giv¬ 
ing 52 seeds to the square foot. In any ordi¬ 
nary clover field, he says, not more than three 
stools will be found on a square foot. It is 
probable therefore, that a good portion of the 
clover seed might fail to come up and yet 
leave enough for a seeding. 
A Significant Movement.— This is the 
little title of a circular issued by representa¬ 
tives of the Farmers’Union, the State Grange 
and the Labor organizations of New York 
State. It appears that these representatives 
met at Rochester, July 3, and decided to issue 
this address to the tax-payers of the State. 
The address states, in substance, that, 10 
years ago, the State debt was, in round num¬ 
bers, $10,000,000 which is now substantially 
wiped out. Then the State taxes were $8,000, 
000. Tnis year the legislature voted $12,000, 
000 taxes. The rate was then 2.6 mills on the 
dollar, now it is 3.52 mills. Personal property 
then paid one-seventh of the taxes, now it 
pays one-tenth. Then real estate was assessed 
at $2,376,000,000; now at $3,122,000,000. Then 
personal property was assessed at $364,- 
000,000; now at $346,000,000, though any 
man of common sense knows it has rap¬ 
idly increased. The farming lands of the 
State have decreased in value more than 25 
per cent. Real estate in cities has increased 
in value and pays an unjust proportion of 
taxes, but owners recoup their taxes in 
increased rents. Whenever and wher¬ 
ever appropriations are made by thoee 
who pay no considerable portion of the taxei 
required to meet them, wasteful and extrava¬ 
gant expenditures may be expected, since no 
motives of economy restrain their taxing 
power. 
The State Comptroller says: “I am sure 
that the actual value of the personal property 
of the people of the State legally liable to 
taxation exceeds that of real estate. That 
being so, the startling fact is apparent that 
we have within the State to-day over $2- 
500,000,000 of personal property that is not— 
but ought to be subject to taxation. * * It 
is apparent that the present result of taxing 
personal property is a travesty upon our tax¬ 
ing system which aims to be equal and just. 
A remedy is loudly demanded from the leg¬ 
islature.” 
The Governor has urged the passage of 
laws that would equalize taxation and each 
of the political parties has pledged itself to 
right the wrong. It is not yet righted. Uu- 
taxed capital has defeated every bill that has 
been introduced with this laudable end in 
view. The representatives who held this con¬ 
vention are getting tired of this business. 
So are wo all, for that matter. This is what 
they have to say to the voters of the State. 
“We therefore appeal to tne mannood and 
self-interest of the tax-payers of the State and 
to the justice of all honorable and fair-minded 
men, to unite in the approaching election and 
choose a legislature that will restrict taxa¬ 
tion to the legitimate reeds of the State, 
equitably adjust the burden upon all the prop¬ 
erty liable to taxation, wipe out ‘ combines ’ 
and ‘trusts’ within its jurisdiction whose 
purposes are to increase the price of the nec¬ 
essaries and comforts of life, and especially 
destroy the ‘publishers’ combine,’ which under 
present laws extorts exorbitant prices for the 
text-books used in our public schools. These 
indirect taxes are as oppressive and grievous 
as the direct taxes, and thev affect a larger 
number of our people. To this end and for 
this purpose we earnestly recommend that 
steps be immediately taken to secure the 
nomination of candidates for the Assembly 
and Senate, in every elective district in the 
State, who are in favor of and will support 
the principles enunciated in this address. 
Party strength need not, and probably would 
not be affected by this movement. The ques¬ 
tion is simply whether our next legislature 
shall be chosen by the tax-payers of tne State 
in their interest and behalf, or by political 
machinery in the interest of untaxed capital, 
to be manipulated and controlled by it.” 
Choose ye which it shall be. 
Many of the men who sign this address are 
known to the R. N.-Y. as thoughtful and 
honorable persons. We are glad they hare 
spoken. We hope farmers will listen and act. 
The R. N.-Y. would lika nothing better than 
to see this matter carried through. New 
York State local politicians don’t approve of 
taking things out of the old groove. It is 
pratty hard in some places to elect a coroner 
unless he will promise to carry out his strict 
party principles even In his treatment of the 
dead, but this chance must not be neglected, 
even if the little party bosses are all upset. 
The “ publishers combine” should be taken in 
band first of all. Let us have cheaper and 
better i > >i Pip 
The R. N.-Y. has not verified the figures 
given in the above statement. We believe, 
however, that the comparative statements of 
theAssessed values of real and personal prop 
erties are fair. And the tendency among city 
and town people is to demand a further tax 
exemption for personal property. Within 
the past few weeks;several papers of national 
reputation have used the statement of the 
N. Y. State Comptroller as an argument in 
favor of the complete exemption of personal 
property, giving a3 their main argument the 
difficulty 'experieneed in assessing it proper¬ 
ly. Such an exemption would throw the 
burden of taxation upon farm lands already 
over-taxed. It is in substance the Henry 
George theory over again. £ The farmers of 
N. Y. State, and in fact* those of all the 
States are greatly interested in this question. 
The R. N.-Y. hopes that the n«xt,legislature* 
will show that this interest worked itself Into 
a substantial form. 
Bureau of Education.— Nos. 3, 4, 5, 6 
and 7 of the publications'of this department 
are issued from Washington. They deal with 
educational mattars ln Wisconsin, South Caro¬ 
lina, Georgia, Florida and North Carolina. 
The volumes dealing with the history of pub¬ 
lic education at the South'are very interest¬ 
ing, particularly so to those who have studied 
the merits of the “Blair Educational Bill. 1 ’ 
There was a marked difference in the educa¬ 
tional methods employed by the descendants 
of the Puritans on the one hand and the Cav¬ 
aliers on the other. The Puritans founded a 
school and appointed a master one-half of 
whose duty was to teach and the other half 
to see that every child in the community 
came to school. As a result of this beginning 
the Northern States have always been strong¬ 
ly inclined towards compulsory education. 
The Cavalier sought the South. He had aris¬ 
tocratic ideas concerning the uses of educa¬ 
tion. He preferred the “academy” system 
of instruction where education could be 
bought by those who could afford it The 
Puritan established the public school where 
the boy with a ragged jacket and patched 
trousers could put his tin cup into the foun¬ 
tain of knowledge. The Cavalier inaugurated 
the “ pay ” schools where money or pedigree 
divided the sheep from the goats. Up to the 
time of the war the South made little 
progress toward the establishment of 
public schools. Efforts were made at vari¬ 
ous times to begin the system, but the es¬ 
tablished academies and colleges never 
favored the plan. Private schools and tutors 
were quite popular. How any of the negroes 
ever learned to read is quite a mystery. 
After the war, every Southern State began a 
movement toward popular education. At the 
present time most of these States provide 
about 12 weeks free school during the year. 
The old “ institute* ” and academies are often 
run as “pay’’schools for four months and 
as “ free schools ” for the threee months pro¬ 
vided for by the State . During the “ free ” 
terms the teacher draws his money from the 
State while for the “ pay ” period he collects 
his money from parents. School money at 
the South is quite apt to “ ruu out ” early in 
the season. The writer taught for a short 
time iu a Southern public school. He was 
paid in “ school warrants ” which could be 
turned into cash only at a discount of 20 per 
cent, offered by the local bank. The Southern 
public school system is quite imperfect yet, 
but the fact must be remembered that it has 
much to fight against, historical precedent, 
local prejudice and the influence of the friends 
of the old academies are against it. Still, it 
will conquer in time and work a vast change 
in Southern society and prospects. It is an 
element for good. 
pi.scfUa»eou,si Advertising. 
CHANCE TO MAKE MONEY. 
Salary and Expenses paid, or Connmislou It pre¬ 
ferred. Saletcueu wanted everywhere. No 
experience needed. Address, stating age, 
H.,W. Fortsr A oo.. Jhuisrym*, Box F, &«a»va, N. 7. 
EVERY FARMERoTmMILLER do 0 ;t r 
Shelling ami Grindingat home, saving tolls and teaming to and 
from the Grist Mill. This work can be done rainy, 
windy days when outdoor work is suspend- 
ed on the farm. The same Mill wilicutcorn 
stalks, saw wood, run churn, grind¬ 
stone, pump water, etc. Ws 
make the HAL- 
LADAY Gear¬ 
ed Wind Mill in 
11 sizes. 1H to 40 
horse power, and 
GUARANTEE 
they have no equal 
for Power, Dura- 
bUity and Storm 
Defying: quaUtiea. 
IXL 2-HOLE 
Corn Sheller 1 
Adapted to run by hand, horse, 
steam or wind power.’ Not cheaply 
made but strong, durable and effect¬ 
ive in its working yet light 
running. It is constructed 
similar to the large Power 
Shellers and is the best 2 
Hole Sheller on the market. 
HORSE 
POWERS 
gtand JACKS, both single 
and double Geared, made 
heavy and strong. 
THE I X L 
STALK CUTTER 
made in 5 sizes, with Safety Fly- 
Wheel, Safety Lever, and all 
late improvements. 
THE I X L 
IRON FEED MILL 
3 sizes, both Belt and Geared Mills. Can 
be run by any power and especially adapted 
Wind Power. Will grind any kind of 
grain and is the lightest running* and most 
effective Feed Grinder made. 
SAW TABLES 
uianc c* tuuiu copcviaiij 
adapted to sawlnglong poles. Spec 
ial care is taken to make these ma 
chines strong and durable. 
IXL TANK HEATER IS™"; 
In Stock Tanks. Made of the best qual¬ 
ity of iron cast in one piece, no sheet iron 
to rust or solder to melt and cause leak. 
Will burn any kind of fuel. It is very 
effective and takes less care to operate 
than any other Heater made. 
We also make the HALLADAY PUMPING WIND MILLS. 
18 sires, 8 to 60 ft: diameter and 1 mao to 40 horse power. The 
U. S.SOLID WHEEL WIND MILL, 7 sizes, Iron and Brass 
Pumps in great variety. Tanks, all kinds and aizes. and the 
Standard Hay Tools, consisting of Anti-Friction. Swivel, Re¬ 
versible and Rod Hav Carriers, Harpoon and Grapple Horse 
Hav Forks, Pulleys, Floor Hooks, etc. All goods fully guaran¬ 
teed. Send for Catalogue and Prices. Reliable Agents wanted 
in all nnassigned Territory. 
U.S. WIND ENGINE & PUMP CO. 
BATAVIA, ILLINOIS, U. S. A. 
BRANCH HOUSESKansas City, Mo., Omaha, Neb., 
Fort Worth, Tex., Boston, Mass. 
University of the State of New York. 
A3IERICAN 
VETERINARY COLLEGE, 
1S9 and 141 West 54th Street, New York Cltv. 
15TH ANNUAL SESSION 
The regular course of Lectures commences in Octo 
her of each year. Circular and Information can he 
had on application to 
D. A. L1AUTARD, V. M., Dean of the Faculty 
R0SSIE IRON ORE PAINT. 
Is made from Red Oxide Ore—Is the best and most 
durable Faint for Tin, Iron and Shingle Roofs, Bams, 
Farm Utensils, etc.; will not crack or peel, will protect 
roof* from sparks. Samples free. Ask prices of 
K OSS IE IRON ORE PAINT CO., 
Ogdensburg, N. Y. 
SHD WHEST 
STRAWBERRY PLANTS, FRUIT TREES, 
SMALL FRUITS, DUTCH AND CHINESE 
FLOWERING BULBS, WINTER BLOOM¬ 
ING HOUSE PLANTS, FANCY POULTRY, 
PEKIN DUCKS, BRONZE TURKEYS, GER- 
MA X H A RES, &c. Our annual Fall catalogue, 1880, 
of Seed Wheat. Plants, Poultry, kc., will be ready by 
July 20. Samples of 7 new, hardy and productive Var¬ 
ieties of Winter Wheat, including’the ironclad RELI¬ 
ABLE and celebrated LEHIGH No. t>. will he sent 
with catalogue for 10c. iu postage stamps. Address, 
SAMUEL WILSON, Mechanicsville, Bucks 
Co., Pa. Catalogues free ou application. 
Beeeham’s Pills act like magic on a weak stomach. 
General Advertising 1 Rates of 
TE5 RURAL NEW - YORKER. 
34 PARK ROW, NEW YORK. 
The following rates are invariable. All are there¬ 
fore respectfully informed, that any correspondence 
with a view to obtaining different terms will prove 
futile. 
Ordinary Advertisements, per agate line (this 
sized type, 14 lines to the inch).80 cents 
One thousand lines or more.within one year 
from date of first Insertion, per agate line, 25 “ 
Yearly orders occupying 14 or more lines 
agate space.25 ** 
Preferred positions.25 per cent, extra, 
Reading Notices, ending with “Adt?.,” per 
line, minion leaded.75 cent* 
Terms of Subscription. 
The subscription price of the Rural New-Yorker Is 
Single copy, per year......$2.00 
“ “ Six months. 1.10 
Great Britain. Ireland, Australia and 
Germany, per year, post-paid..$S.t>4 (12s. 6d.) 
France. S.04 (16« fr.) 
French Colonies. 4.08 i2S% fr.) 
Agf its will be supplied with canvassing outfit os 
application. 
Entered at the Post-office at New York S. I* 
m secona-du* mall mwtoaj 
