527 
T^B BUBAL flEW-YOBKER 
quality, and as uniform in shape as the Cum¬ 
berland. It is esteemed for canning. 
Burt. —This is the old Capt. Jack under a 
new name. 
Gandy. —This is late, and bears a fair crop 
of large berries toward the close of the season. 
The plant is large, strong and healthy, and a 
good grower. 
Summit. —This did well, as usual, and fur- 
uished fine berries late in the season. It is 
quite a favorite with Mr. C., but is not gener¬ 
ally popular on account of its inclination to 
rust. 
Monmouth. —This ripens with the early va¬ 
rieties, and produces a fair amount of fruit 
that resembles the "Wilson in size and shape, 
but it is not nearly as productive as the War- 
field or Haverland. 
The Mammoth grown in matted rows is 
such a poor bearer that it yields no profit. 
Cumberland and May Kins did well this 
season as usual. They are both too well 
known to need description. 
Ohio. —This was Mr. Crawford’s latest 
berry this year, and he would esteem it above 
aDy other late variety if it were only larger. 
It is so productive, stands up so well, and is of 
such a brilliant scarlet color that it is quite 
satisfactory both to producers and consumers, 
although no larger than the Crescent. 
Henderson. —Mr. C. is obliged to give this 
up, although it is not surpassed for quality. 
It is unproductive and ripens unevenly. 
Fall Planting. —By this is meaut the 
transplanting of runners of the present year’s 
growth, whether it bo done in July or October. 
By care and skill it may be done as soon as the 
young roots are an inch in length, or even ear¬ 
lier. The rule is, however, that a plant is not 
old enough to set until ithas branched roots; 
nor is it self-supporting uutil some time later. 
For this reason it is necessary to remove one 
or more of the leaves when setting out very 
young plants in the summer, lest more sap be 
evaporated than the roots can supply. As 
the season advances, more roots are developed, 
and there is less risk in the operation. While 
it is true that the earlier the work is done, 
other things being equal, the greater will be 
the crop, it is equally true that plants set 
early in Septemoer, when there is more mois¬ 
ture in the air and soil, usually do better than 
those set in a hot and dry time. It delayed 
too late, the danger is that they will not get 
sufficiently rooted to enable them to resist the 
effects of alternate freezing and thawing. 
Young plants in the summer are compara¬ 
tively tender and sappy, and much more easily 
iniured than when more mature. If taken 
out of hard ground, the roots may be bruised 
or broken, and if exposed to the sun or wind 
for even a few minutes, many of the fine hair 
roots will be destroyed. For this reason it is 
not best to take up plants in a dry time. It is 
better to let them grow where they are until 
rain moistens the soil so that all the roots 
may be lifted without injury. The later the 
work is done the closer should plants be set 
to each other, so that they may fill the row 
with roots aud shade the surface with their 
leaves. If set 12 iuches apart in the row in 
July, 10 inches will be enough in August, 
eight in. September and six in October. The 
sun should never be allowed to shine on bare 
ground between plants in the row duriug the 
winter or early spring. 
The soil for fall-set plants should be rich, 
so that their roots may find what they need 
near-by, for they have not time to go far after 
it It is well to prepare the place a week or 
two in advauce, so as to let the ground get 
settled. And it is very important that the 
crown of the plant be not covered. 
If the weather be dry and hot after plant¬ 
ing, so that the plants wilt, they should get 
one good watering in the eveuing and the soil 
should be stirred the next morning. If this 
prove insufficient, they should either have 
some shade during the heat of the day, or the 
first leaves that wilt should be removed to 
lessen the evaporating surface. 
If it is desired to tost a new variety, the 
fall is the best time to plant it, for the reason 
that it will bear the next season and enable 
one to decide as to its value aud give ample 
time to greatly increase the stock. 
Fall-set plants must be protected during the 
winter. Two inches of straw will answer. 
Of course the drainage should bo such that no 
water can lie on or near the surface. 
When plants are received in a dry time, it 
is an excellent plan to plant them tempor¬ 
arily two or three inches apart in mellow soil 
where they can be shaded aud watered. In a 
few days new roots will be formed, wheu, 
after a thorough wateriug, they may be re¬ 
moved with the soil adhering and set without 
u check. 
Summer Pruning.—T he shearing of a tree 
or shrub into some formal shape, as of a cone 
or hemisphere, may have a proper place in 
some styles of gardening; but, ingeneral.it 
may be said that the clipping of trees or 
shrubs into any set form is radically wrong. 
The experienced Jackson Dawson, of the Ar¬ 
nold Arboretum, said in Garden and Forest 
that he had seen many good collections of 
shrubs ruined because each one was cut into a 
shape to resemble all the rest. In this way all 
individuality is lost, whereas the object of 
pruning should be to develop whatever beauty 
each plant possesses on the lines of its natural 
growth. It is utterly impossible to secure 
any fine effects in large shrubberies where 
each individual is trimmed after the same pat¬ 
tern. Evidently the true way is to encourage 
each one to make the best of its natural 
graces, and then to arrange this infinite va¬ 
riety of form into a harmonious picture. 
If we prune for the purpose ot increasing 
the flowers of a shrub or tree, we must prune 
different species and varieties at different sea¬ 
sons of the year; but surplus wood and suck¬ 
ers can always be thinned out during the 
summer season, ard wounds which are cut 
clean in midsummer will heal more quickly 
than those made in frosty weather. Maples, 
birches, yellow-woods and many other trees 
bleed copiously when their branches are cut 
in the spring, but they heal over more quickly 
if pruned while in full leaf. Again, shrubs 
which bloom on wood made the previous year, 
of which the early spiraeas, forsythias, honey¬ 
suckles, viburnums, syringas, philadelphus 
and deutzias are examples, should receive 
their chief pruning soon after the flowers 
have fallen. This will encourage a growth of 
young wood with flower-buds for the follow¬ 
ing year. Of course, when these shrubs are 
cut back in early spring before flowering, the 
flower-buds are sacrificed. On the other hand, 
shrubs like Hydrangea pauiculata; Desmo- 
dium penduliflorum, Hibiscus Syriacus and 
others, which flower on the new growth, 
bloom more abundantly wheu cut back se¬ 
verely in early spring. But even in this case 
the surplus wood should be thinned out dur¬ 
ing the summer. 
After the branches of large shrubs have 
been thinned out, continues Mr. Dawson, 
stronger shoots should be pinched back with 
the thumb and finger, for this will hasten the 
growth of flowering-buds. Many trees aud 
shrubs can be made to produce flowers and 
fruit at a smaller size than if they were left 
to themselves or pruned only in the winter or 
spring. This summer pinching also helps to 
ripen up the wood, and leaves it in good con¬ 
dition to withstand the cold. He has known 
trees which were tender, when left to grow 
naturally, to endure our winters fairly well 
when the vood had been properly stopped by 
pinching it in summer. This is especially 
true in wet seasons, when the branches often 
continue to grow uutil the frost kills them. 
Apples, peaches, plums, filberts and many 
other trees can be made to bear when quite 
small if the new growth is stopped once or 
twice in the summer. Mr. D. has peach trees 
five or six feet high which are loaded with 
fruit, the result of pinching back in summer. 
While trees are growing vigorously the flow¬ 
er-buds do not form well, but by this summer 
pinching the flow of the sap is checked and 
the buds are developed. Many plants also 
ripen their fruit better when the strong shoots 
above the fruit have been stopped. Young 
trees cau be easily traiued with very little use 
of the knife wheu they are taken in time, the 
surplus buds rubbed off from the lateral 
branches and the branches properly pinched 
back. Iu short, summer pruning is useful 
and indispensable for the removal of super¬ 
fluous branches in the middle of the tree or 
shrub, and for the shortemng-in of all over- 
vigorous branches and such as interfere with 
the native symmetry of the tree; aud by thin¬ 
ning out the weak and misplaced branches ad¬ 
ditional nourishment is supplied to those that 
remain. 
THE LATEST AND BRIEFEST. 
Dr. Hoskins says, iu the Mirror and Farm¬ 
er, that our high-grade butter is primarily a 
table luxury, and is only secondarily to be 
considered as a food. Up to a recent date, in 
countries where cows, goats and sheep 
abound, butter has stood upon about the -ame 
basis as lard and tallow, the price being but 
little more and tbe quality often not as good. 
We farmers are apt to complain of the in¬ 
crease of wealth, iu our cities; but dairymen 
ought to know that without this numerous 
wealthy class, whose members aro eager for 
every sort of luxury of the table, there could 
lie no sufficient market for the extra qualities 
of food, which alone offer encouragement to 
superior knowledge, taste and skill upon the 
farm. The elevation of the farmer intellec¬ 
tually aud socially is closely allied to those so¬ 
cial conditions among the well-to-do who must 
buy their food of those who produce it. The 
high-class farmer can live and thrive only by 
the aid of a class of patrons able to pay well 
for these luxuries of life which such farmers 
alone are able to offer. 
The Breeder’s Gazette has been making 
inquiries as to the efficacy of the newly-in¬ 
vented “chemical dehorners. ” Nearly all tbe 
replies testify to complete success of the liquid 
horn-killers. A few failures are instanced. 
One correspondent avers that after a careful 
application of the chemical to the head of a 
young calf—directions being followed closely 
—one horn germ was effectually killed, while 
the other waxed strong and grew vigorously, 
just as though the horn-killer were a horn- 
tonic... . 
The good Thomas Meehan—he has done a 
power of good in his time—calls attention, in 
the Weekly Press, to several matters which 
may well be repeated in our columns: Some 
persons have a fancy for having Hydrangea 
paniculata as a standard. To accomplish this 
object cut away all but one shoot, which tie 
to a stake. In a season or two the stem will 
support itself. 
It is the usual practice Mr. Meehan contin¬ 
ues, to sow hollyhock seeds in spring, but if 
gathered and sowed as soon as ripe, plants 
will flower the next year, thus saving a whole 
season. 
Trumpet Vines (BignoDias) are very pretty 
when made to become standards. Drive in a 
four-foot stake, tie the vine to it and let the 
stake be until it rots away. By that time the 
vine will hold itself, and it will flower per¬ 
fectly every July. 
The native Hydrangea quercifolia, com¬ 
monly called the Oak-leaved, is well worthy 
of a place in gardens. Though a native of 
Georgia and Florida, It is quite at home here. 
Its large leaves are as broad as long. The im¬ 
mense panicles of flowers, though not of such 
individual beauty as are those of Paniculata, 
are most attractive, and then it flowers in 
July when bloom in the shrubbery is scarce. 
From present appearance the R. N.-Y. will 
have a very good word to speak for Hender 
sons Dwarf Lima (Sieva). It seems at least 10 
days earlier than the pole Lima and the little 
bushes are very prolific. Many will prefer 
the pole Sieva, as it is about the same in ear¬ 
liness. But there will be a place for the 
dwarf. 
The London Agricultural Gazette 
says that the results previously observed of 
the Woburn experiments are particularly 
marked this year, the contrasts between plots 
differently treated being more than usually 
striking. There are some very fine pieces of 
wheat aud barley on plots dressed with liber¬ 
al applications of nitrogenous and mineral 
manures. On the other hand, the plots to 
which only minerals have been applied have 
produced very little grain in comparison— 
only about as much as is growing on the land 
left unmanured during 13 years of continuous 
cropping. The transient effect of nitrate of 
soda or salts of ammonia is very forcibly il¬ 
lustrated, especially in the case of wheat. 
Plots which produced 29 to 30 bushels of 
wheat last year after being dressed with 
mineral and nitrogenous manures, look like 
yielding only 15 to 20 bushels this season, 
when the same minerals have been applied 
without the ammonia salts or nitrate of 
soda. Again , plots from t chich only 12 to 
ISLj bushels were obtained last year, ivhen 
minerals were only used for them, promise 
to give 30 to 50 bushels this'season, the nitro¬ 
genous manures having been restored to the 
mixtures applied to them . 
Such figures show, as far as one set of ex¬ 
periments may be employed towards a gener 
alization, that nitrate of soda and sulphate of 
ammonia only act materially upon the wheat 
crop for one year, and that as soon as they 
cease to be applied the land is reduced ap¬ 
proximately to the condition of the unman¬ 
ured plot—and that in spite of the constant 
addition of mineral salts. 
Alluding to a recent visit to Dosoris, the 
beautiful island home of the editor of the 
New York Sun, Garden and Forest says that 
though the rose season was over, the pink, 
ever-blooming Bourbon Rose, Mrs. Degraw, 
was loaded with flowers, and it was pro- 
uounced by both Mr. Dana and Mr. Falcouer 
the best garden rose in the entire collection... 
This island contains about 45 acres. Mr. 
Dana one year bought and spread upon it 
5,000 loads of stable manure. His ordinary 
annual supply is about 1,500 loads brought 
from New York by schooner. 
ABSTRACTS. 
-Husbandman : “A wise course for a 
farmer who thinks work at the experiment 
farm is scientific tom foolery is to go himself to 
see the work before be expends much energy 
in condemnation.” 
-Hoard’s Dairyman : “The good cow is 
a wonderful machine—almost a creator ; for, 
feed her §40 worth of appropriate foods, per 
annum, and she will furnish a family with 
more food than they can buy in other as pal¬ 
atable forms tor §100.” 
-Puck : “To-morrow is longer than last 
year.” 
-V ermont Watchman. “An exchange says: 
It is constantly preached that farmers should 
‘be educated, should read, should profit by 
others’ experience, etc., yet it is quite gener¬ 
ally conceded that the most dismal failure ot 
a farmer is he who ‘knows it all.’ But the 
reading farmer reads because he does not 
‘know it all ’ The know-it-alls have no occa¬ 
sion to seek information.” 
—Boston Globe: “It is undeniably a fact, 
as Peter Cooper once said, that ‘if a man will 
put away every day half what he makes, even 
if it be but 50 cents, he must of necessity in 
time become a rich man.’ ” 
-Garden and Forest: “In a private let¬ 
ter, Mr. F. L Temple, of Shady Hill Nurser¬ 
ies, now in Europe, states that the most in¬ 
teresting flowers he saw in England were the 
pyre thrums, and he was surprised to find that 
plants so little known and grown at home 
were, next to the rose, the most popular ones 
in English gardens in June. The best double 
varieties are as good as the finest China As¬ 
ters in autumn, and they are admirable for 
cutting. Among the named single varieties, 
Melton and Mrs. Bateman Brown were noted 
as the best, while Captain Nares, Mont Blanc, 
Flora, Haggs & Schmidt and M. Barrall were 
among the finest double sorts.” 
—O. C. Farmer: “We know a merchant 
who carries a stock of goods worth not less 
than §10,000. If he is assessed a single penny 
he at once swears that he owes more than he 
is worth and the tax is promptly remitted. 
We know a farmer who recently bought a 
farm, paying §1,000 down, and mortgaging 
the farm for §4,000. He is assessed as if he 
owned the farm free and clear, though he is 
willing to swear that his debts exceed his as¬ 
sets and he could probably honestly do so. 
The dry-goods man escapes because, though 
he owns the goods, he owes for them. So it 
goes.” 
Warm Weather often causes extreme tired 
feeling and debility, and in the weakened condi¬ 
tion of the system, diseases arising from impure 
blood are liable to appear. To gain strength, to 
overcome disease, aud to purify, vitalize, and enrich 
the blood, take Hood’s Sarsaparilla. 
For Internal aud External Use. 
8tops Pain, Cramps. Inflammation in body or limb, 
like magic. Cures Croup, Asthma, Colds, Catarrh, Chol¬ 
era Morbus, Diarrhcea, Rheumatism, Neuralgia, Lame- 
back, Stiff Joints andStrai us. Full particulars free. Price 
US eta post-paid. L S. JOHNSON Jt CO., Boston, Mass. 
E 
NSILAG 
Machinery Depot. 
E 
For Mental Depression 
Use Horstord’s Acid Phosphate. 
Dr. L. C. S. Turner, Colfax, la, says: “I 
am very much pleased with it iu mental de¬ 
pression from gastric troubles.”— Adv. 
A full and complete line, from the hand-machine up to 
the largest, of the Smalley Cutters, the fastest 
cutting, strongest, most durable and best 
ever built, including Carriers, both slraightami angle, 
of anv length required, ami Extras and Repairs of 
all kinds, constantly on hand. Having the exclusive 
control and sale of these Cutters and all the appliances 
for the same, for all of the New England States and a 
large portion of the entire East, together with the right 
to sell in nearly all the Southern States, application for 
illustrated, descriptive and free pamphlet, showing 
“why ensilage pays;” and for free catalogue 
of both Tread and Lever-powers, Threshers, 
Wood Saw-machines, Feed-mills and Fan- 
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prietor of the old and reliable Empire Agricultural 
Works, over SO years under the same management. 
Agents wanted, and special prices given 
for introducing in new localities. Address 
A1LNA1LD HARDER, Cobleskill, N. Y. 
PILES 
Instant relief Final cure in 1C 
days and never returns No 
purge, no salve, no suppository 
■ Sufferers- will learn of u simple 
remedy krkk by addressing 
Tottlx & Co„ IS Nassau Street, New York City 
