AUG 47 
550 
THE BUBAL 44IW-YOBKEB. 
t^wrhms. 
A JERSEYMAN’S JOTTINGS. 
E THICS OF MARKETING.—Some years 
ago I listened to a discussion of the fol¬ 
lowing topic: “ If you know that a valuable 
gold mine is located under your neighbor’s 
field and you also know that he would be glad 
to sell the field for the usual price of surround¬ 
ing land, is it your duty to go and tell him 
about the gold mine, or would it be right to 
buy the land at his price and thus obtain pos¬ 
session of the mine?” This, I understand, is 
quite a favorite question in all text books on 
moral philosophy. The teachers all undertake 
to show that the right thing in the case is to 
tell the neighbor about the mine. In the dis¬ 
cussion that I listened to it was decided that 
way. This is a favorite way to put the mat¬ 
ter because it is all ideal. Gold mines are 
not very numerous in my part of the country, 
so that we can put down the moral law in 
great style when we discuss them. But I have 
often wondered how we would feel if the 
question were put in a more practical shape. 
Are we always so considerate of our neighbor’s 
interests? Cholera breaks out among our 
hogs. We know it is a dangerous disease and 
that all the hogs are liable to it. What are 
we to do? Kill the sick hogs and sell the 
others just as soon as we can, or keep them 
all and lose a good proportion of them rather 
than sell any that may be diseased? 
In one case we get our money back. S ime- 
body has to suffer on the hogs; somebody has 
to eat the pork—we don’t. In the other case 
wo lose money that we cannot afford to lose, 
but we know that we have not put diseased 
pork on the market. Again, our hens have 
the cholera. We are sure enough that their 
eggs cannot be healthy. Do we tell our cus¬ 
tomers of this or do we sell the eggs and say 
nothing? Or our potatoes begin to rot. We 
may rush in and dig them, and send them at 
once to market, well knowing that the spores 
of the rot are in them and that somebody will 
have to suffer loss in consequence. These are 
matters that would be apt to provoke lively 
discussions at village debating societies. 
The Potato Rot .—It looked last week as 
though the entire potato crop in our neigh¬ 
borhood was ruined. Farmers expected a dry 
season and so they put the potatoes on the 
lowest spots they could find. We have had a 
perfect deluge of rain. The ground has been 
like a wet sponge, and fields that gave prom¬ 
ise of a great yield are now great masses of 
soft filth. It is a sickening sight. Many of 
our farmers depend upon potatoes for their 
winter cash, aud it is the crop on which a 
good portion of the chemical fertilizers are 
used. Farmers are in a quandary as to what 
to do with the crop. Shall they dig the pota¬ 
toes at once and try to sell them, or let them 
stay in the ground until the usual time for 
digging? 
There seems to be a general belief that many 
farmers will dig at once and rush the product 
to the market. At present, I do not see that 
this belief is well founded. Marketmen say 
there is no rush yet at least to this market. 
If the potatoes are dug now they will con¬ 
tinue to rot. During the past few days the 
weather has become clear and cool. If this 
continues the soil will at last dry out and the 
potatoes will be almost as safe in the ground 
as out of it. It might be well to dig those on 
lower ground earlier than usual, but unless we 
have more heavy rains I shall let my upland 
potatoes stay where they are for the present. 
I hope the damage will not prove so serious 
as farmers fear. It is true that reports of rot 
are general from all over the country, but 
the fact remains that we shall not know the 
real state of affairs until the potatoes are act- # 
ually dug and sorted. Old potato growers as¬ 
sert that if one tuber in a hill becomes rotten 
there is no hope for the rest. I believe this de¬ 
pends to a great extent upon the sort of weather 
we have. A dry, cool August and September 
will make quite a change in the potato mar¬ 
ket. If potatoes are dug now, about the bost 
thing that cau be done with them is to spread 
them out in a thin layer in a dry cool place 
and sprinkle lime over them. They should 
also be picked over now and then and the rot¬ 
ten ones thrown out. 
One result of the increased price of sugar 
will be a reduction in the amount consumed. 
Every member of the family will “ fight the 
trust” by taking care to use just a little less 
sugar in the coffee, the tea or with the fruit. 
Let this saving amount to only a table-spoon¬ 
ful per day for the average family, and the 
total amount for the country would be im¬ 
mense. Let each family average a saving of 
an ounce per day, and it would mean a de¬ 
creased daily sale of nearly 500,000 pounds 
for the country at large. This is a natural 
law, Whenever an article becomes out¬ 
rageously high we all begin little economies. 
The sum total of these little economies rolls 
up an enormous volume. If potatoes are as 
scarce this winter as some people think they 
will be, the price will not go beyond a certain 
figure. Rather than pay more the consumers 
will eat more rice or buy more turnips and 
carrots. 
The markets remain about the same. More 
chickens are coming; some,very good lots are 
for sale. Eggs keep their price well. It 
will soon be time for the home-made sausage 
makers to capture the market. Suckling 
pigs are in demand but the supply is limited. 
Lima beans hold their price well and sweet 
corn is doing better than was expected. To¬ 
matoes bring better prices than last year. 
The prospects for clover and Timothy seed 
point toward lower prices. Oats promise to 
be lower. There is no doubt that corn will 
be higher this winter than for several years 
past. Nobody can give anything definite 
about the potato crop yet. The general opin¬ 
ion is that the rot will not prove so bad as is 
now expected, except in a few localities. In 
any event the crop will be short and as Can¬ 
ada has had even more wet weather than we 
have had, the imports will not be exception¬ 
ally heavy. The first celery is here. Black¬ 
berries are slow of sale. A few huckleberries 
are to be found, but they are very poor speci¬ 
mens. Peaches are very poor. Pears are 
selling well with plums a little slow. Grape 
dealers expect good prices. Tropical fruits 
are everywhere. 
Whenever the prospects for the corn crop 
are bad the English papers begin to urge their 
readers to drop corn-meal partially at least— 
and substitute linseed-meal. This year they 
have begun early on this advice. I think it 
would be a good plan for American farmers— 
Eastern ones particularly—to study out this 
matter too. How many have ever fed linseed- 
meal ? How many Know where to get it ? If 
corn is going to rise in price this winter I 
want to know more about linseed-meal. What 
is its intrinsic value for feeding ? I would li. e 
to know so that when the price of corn goes 
above this value, I can try the linseed. I think 
it will pay farmers well to look into such 
matters. jeb skyman. 
Ciluranj. 
MAGAZINE REVIEWS. 
son’s 80th birthday, a fine engraving of 
the poet laureate is given as a frontispiece. 
Henry Van Dyke also contributes “ The Bible 
in Tennyson.” There are numerous choice 
bits of verse, and all conspire to make the 
number an exceptionally strong one. The 
Century Company, New York. 
T HE COSMOPOLITAN CO. claims to fur¬ 
nish a first-class magazine at a low price, 
and, judging by the August number, the 
claim is well founded. “Social Life at Otta¬ 
wa” is the first article, and gives a very good 
description of the customs and manners at the 
Canadian capital. Illustrations and descrip¬ 
tions are given of the Government House, and 
of several of the leaders of society. Richard 
Wheatley in “The Caged Tigers of Santa 
Rosa,” describes the Chiricahua Apaches who 
were formerly confined in Fort Pickens on 
Santa Rosa Island, Fla., but who have 
since been transferred to Mount Ver¬ 
non, Alabama. “The Children of Ar- 
acbue” by Emile Blanchard, deals with 
different species of spiders and describes their 
curious habits and homes. The European 
Trap-door Spider is illustrated, which not only 
makes her house, but doses it with a trap¬ 
door hung on hinges when she retires. Then 
there are the water spiders which build their 
houses securely beneath the surface, and then 
carry bubbles of air down to fill them. Many 
other kinds are illustrated and described, the 
whole article forming a very interesting les¬ 
son in natural history. Kate Douglas Wiggin 
asks “ What Shall Children Read?” and then 
proceeds to give some very sensible advice on 
this all-important subject. W. W. Thomas, Jr. 
tells about “A Trip to Dalecarlia,” and de¬ 
scribes in a very pleasant way thelcurious sights 
in that far-northern land; its brightly-clad peo¬ 
ple, pretty-faced maidens, with their odd ways 
aud quaint customs. Frederick D ouglass gives 
a paper—“Reminiscences,”—dealing with 
the agitation period. It is difficult to realize 
that this vigorous, scholarly writer was once 
an illiterate slave. Cardinal Gibbons contri¬ 
butes “ The Dignity, Rights and Respons¬ 
ibility of Labor.” “An American Soldier in 
China ” is an account of the strange career of 
General Frederick Ward, whose military 
genius won him great distinction in the 
Orient, “ A Bourgeois Wedding in the South 
of France,” “ French Horses and the Grand 
Prix,” “ Social Problems,” etc., complete the 
number. The publishers do not indulge their 
readers in much poetry. The Cosmopolitan 
Publishing Company, New York. 
It would seem as if a part of the time usual¬ 
ly devoted to arithmetic, grammar and 
geography, useful as these branches are, 
might be better employed. 
Why should a bright child require half a 
dozen years to master these branches suffic¬ 
iently for all usual practical uses? Suppose 
we take one of these branches at a time, and 
concentrate study upon it. Should not one 
hour daily, under a competent teacher, give 
an intelligent boy or girl of 12 or 14, as good 
a knowledge of either of these branches as 
is usually had in all the years spent in the 
common school? If not, why not? 
Let there be no more than four in summer, 
and no more than three hours of in-door school 
work, and but one hour at one time. Allow 
to one of these main studies one hour’s work; 
then reading, and reading to understand; 
writing—and as soon as possible writing to 
express ideas; drawing, and spelling; and 
after this oral lectures by the teacher on any 
topic, scientific, literary or historical, that 
may be thought advisable. After that let all 
go out-of-doors. Make each school an experi¬ 
ment station of agriculture and horticulture, 
i Let the teacher conduct expeditions to 
neighboring farms, to the fields, the woods. 
Let the children learn how crops are grown 
and why so grown ;"wbat obstacles meet the 
farmer, the fruit-grower, the gardener, and 
how they may be surmounted. Teach them 
of the soil, the plant. Let each child conduct 
experiments of his own. Make a part of the 
school grounds a garden. Am I writing of 
Utopia? Would notthe outcome of all this be 
a greater love of, and an intelligent interest 
in rural life, that would produce a class of 
wide-awake agriculturists, of thorough scien¬ 
tists, and of reverent seekers after truth and 
God? But it is hard to get out of deeply-worn 
ruts. 
Let us have no high-pressure system of con¬ 
ducting our country schools. Let us remem¬ 
ber that children have bodies—that physical 
as well as men tad strength is necessary to 
build up a strong nation. Let us remember 
that brains crowded with undigested and in¬ 
digestible facts of no special value in ordin¬ 
ary circumstances, may not be as useful or¬ 
gans as those trained to observe accurately, 
think clearly, and bring knowledge to bear 
promptly on the necessities of actual life. 
MRS. M. P. A. CROZIKR. 
Pis'cenancou# gUvurtising. 
T HE AUGUST CENTURY fully equals its 
contemporaries in its articles relating 
to out-door life, excursions, natural history, 
etc. It is truly a “Midsummer Holiday Num¬ 
ber.” The “Stream of Pleasure” is an illus¬ 
trated account of a trip from Oxford down 
the Thames in a skiff, by Joseph and Eliza¬ 
beth Robbins Pennell. A very entertaining 
account is given of their trip down this popu¬ 
lar water-way, passing the locks, dodging the 
bridges, exploring the tributary streams and 
adjacent towns, and running into and escap¬ 
ing from all sorts of possible and impossible 
dangers. “Afternoon at a Ranch” is the title 
of the picture in the Far West series. S. 
Weir Mitchell describes the different species of 
venomous serpents in this country aud in India 
in the article “The Poison of Serpents.” There 
are in this country very few poisonous ser¬ 
pents, and these are continually diminishing 
in numbers. India is pre eminently the home 
of this class, there being 15 different genera. 
The rattlesnake is the most common in Amer¬ 
ica. The article contains several illustrations 
of this reptile, as well as of other species. What 
to do when bitten by a poisonous snake is also 
told. The Century has caught the “ symposi¬ 
um” fever. The artists are the contributors of 
a number of articles dealing with their branch 
of the business. “ Wood-engravers in Camp” 
by Frank French, tells how a small party of 
wood-engravers made a camping-out excur¬ 
sion to the regions near Hockanum, Mass. The 
article is illustrated with engravings taken by 
the author, of some of the quaint residents of 
the locality visited and also of a “ Hockanum 
Wild Flower,” of the genus girl. Other 
articles are “ Originality in Wood-engrav- 
ing,”, “ Painter-engraving,” and “The New 
School of Engraving,” all illustrated. Fred¬ 
eric Remington contributes “Artist Wander¬ 
ings Among the Cheyennes,” with profuse 
illustrations. He tells how the Cheyennes aro 
made useful as policemen, scouts, etc. Mr. 
Kennan’s paper deals with “ State Criminals 
at the Kara Mines.” Dark as are the pictures 
presented in these papers, there is an occa¬ 
sional ray of light, and this article brings to 
the fore Col. (since made General) Konon- 
ovich, at that time the governor of the mines 
and prisons at Kara, a very conscientious, 
merciful man. The Lincoln History deals 
with events attending Mr. Lincoln’s reuomi- 
nation and the exciting campaign during the 
summer of ’64. In commemoration of Tenny- 
THE COUNTRY SCHOOL. 
T HE COUNTRY SCHOOL is a unit of 
great value in the national problem. 
How shall we improve it? In answer to this 
question may I suggest: 
1. Is not the intensity of American business 
life too much carried into the primary schools, 
drawing too heavily upon the nervous force of 
American childhood ? 
2. Will not better and more lasting results 
be attained by “making haste” more 
“slowly ?” 
3. May not fewer hours in the school-room 
supplemented by out-door and industrial 
teaching, be better for the child physically as 
well as mentally, and as a preparation for 
active life ? 
4. Can not the country child, while attend¬ 
ing the district school, become so well ac¬ 
quainted with, and made so to delight in the 
pursuits of agriculture and horticulture, be 
led so gently and pleasantly into such an in¬ 
timate acquaintance with, and love of Na¬ 
ture, as often to determine the trend of later 
lite in the direction of rural pursuits, or of 
scientific inquiry ? 
5. Will not all this uplift rural life to a 
higher plane ? 
Well, how ? Perhaps I cannot tell you. 
The plan will certainly require different 
teachers, to some extent, or at least teachers 
better informed in some directions. Possibly 
almost any bright girl of 17 tolerably well 
instructed in the usual common-school studies, 
may satisfactorily teach the rudiments of 
arithmetic, geography, and grammar; but to 
take a school of 30 or 40 children of various 
grades of mental capacity, and train them 
into accurate observers, close thinkers, and 
good reasoners with reference to the common 
things of their lives, and their surroundings, 
is quite a different matter, and needs more 
thoughtful and better-read teachers than 
many found in our country schools. In no 
school is needed teachers of a better grade of 
intellect than in the primary, and perhaps in 
no school can better use be made of a broad 
scientific and literary culture. 
Beauty 
Skir\&Scalp 
T^estof^ed 
by -.V* 
M CUtic\jf(/^ 
F^vv\<^d i^s. 
N othing is known to science at all com- 
parable to the Cuticura Remedies in their 
marvelous properties of cleansing, purifying aud 
beautifying the skin, and in curing torturing, disfig- 
urlng. itching, scaly and pimply diseases of the skin, 
scale and blood, with loss of hair. 
Cuticura, the great Skin Cure, and Cuticura Soap, 
an exquisite Skin Beautlfler, prepared from it, ex¬ 
ternally, aud Cuticura Resolvent, the new Blood 
Purifier. Internally, cure every form of skin and blood 
disease from pimples to scrofula. 
Sold everywhere. Price, Cuticura , 50c.; Resolvent, 
II.; Soap, 25c. Prepared by the Potter Drug and 
Chemical Co.. Boston, Mass. 
Send for " How to Cure Skin Diseases.” 
tW~ Pimples, blackheads, chapped and oily skin _Af | 
IW~ prevented by Cuticura Soap. 
t Dull Aches, Pains and Weaknesses instantly 
relieved by the Cuticura Anti-Pain Plaster, 
the only paln-kllllng plaster. 25c. 
CANADA 
HA.XU3.WOOI> 
UNLEACHED 
ASHES 
By rail in car-load lots furnished on short notice. 
Ashes guaranteed to be of best quality and are 
especially adapted for all grass and fruits. Pam¬ 
phlets and prices sent on application. 
MUNROE, JTTDSON & STROUP, 
OBWBO-O, W. IT 
The Belcher & Taylor 
AGRICULTURAL TOOL. COMPANY 
Boac 75 CU! CO B tiK CJ A // S, Jttatt. 
Hay Tedders, manufacturers of 
Horse Rakes, 
Feed Cutters, 
Vegetable Cutters, 
Reversible Sulky Plows, 
Right Hand and *ilde Hill Plows, 
Harrows, Tobacco Itidgers a*: Cultivators, 
Etc., Etc. Send for Circulars, Price List and Terms. 
MANURE 
"“KEMP™ 
Circular 
FREE. 
Fully Warranted, 
8end for Circular 
Buy on 
M a n u r 
double tl 
_ a c r e s. 
Save 90 
labor Inapm 
lag, whic 
facts are w< 
■r established by tl 
thousands using the 
KEMP& BURPEE MFG. CO,Syracuse,N,Y. 
