586 
THE BUfiAt NIW-YOfMMEft. 
AUG 34 
thuimts. 
A TRAVELER’S NOTES. 
Regretable diversity in methods of farm¬ 
ing among neighbors; the sharks swallow¬ 
ing the minnows in other vocations 4 , is the 
same to be the rule in farming? Are bo¬ 
nanza farms and farming syndicates and 
trusts to supersede small farms? Certain 
alleged advantages of such a revolution. 
While traveling through one of the best 
farming sections of America it occurred to 
me that there is altogether too great a diver¬ 
sity in the methods adopted by adjoining 
farmers. For example, one farmer uses a 
harvesting machine; another the antique 
but largely-used reaper; while a third gets 
along very well with the old-fashioned cradle. 
Now, a smart man with a good, 
four-horse team and a binder could 
do twice as much work as the three 
combined. In gathering hay I noticed the 
same thing. One farmer used a Eureka Mow¬ 
er, another a Buckeye and a third was strug¬ 
gling with a scythe. Neither of the mowing 
machines was in good working order. A good 
workman with a good team, with a Eureka 
or broad-cut Buckeye, could do more work 
than the three combined. Each farmer strug¬ 
gles along with old-fashioned machines or im¬ 
plements, usually in very bad order, because 
he needs them only for a few days. It does 
seem hard for a farmer to carry, say, $500 
worth of haying and harvesting tools eleven 
months in the year when he only needs them 
for one month, or it may be for only a few 
days. Are not this diversity of method and 
want of co-operation among the principal 
reasons why “ farmin’ don’t pay ?” All other 
industries are managed on the co-operative 
plan. The small shops have long since been 
swallowed up by mammoth establishments. 
The smaller manufacturers and merchants 
are swallowed up by the larger ones, and the 
larger ones are in turn controlled by a trust. 
It is evident that this process increases the 
profits of the few, and in some cases it is a 
benefit to the smaller merchant or manufac¬ 
turer who is employed at a good salary by 
the combination or trust. However much 
we may deplore the loss of individuality and 
personal independence, we must admit that 
trusts and combinations decrease the cost of 
production and increase the profits of the 
producers. These combinations, with the aid 
of improved machinery, are enabled to pro¬ 
duce very much more than formerly with far 
less manual labor. This increases the profits 
of the producer, but lessens the demand for 
labor and injures the market for the farmer’s 
produce by decreasing the number of con¬ 
sumers. 
The only thing for the farmers to do is to 
combine. The stock and fixtures required 
to work 10 farms of 100 acres each, would 
proportionately cost three or four times as 
much as the stock and fixtures of a farm of 
1,000 acres. By the use of traction engines, 
and thrashers, sulky plows, harvesters, and 
other improved inplements, an enormous 
saving in labor and cost of production is ef¬ 
fected. The land in the East is divided into 
small farms and it would no doubt be better 
to keep them as they are if it were possible: 
but it is a question whether the competition 
from the large farui3 of the West is not be¬ 
coming too great to permit the owner of 
small farms to make a living on them. One 
way to overcome the intense competition and 
reduce the cost of production, is for the 
owners, say, of a dozen or twenty farms to 
form a combination; throw down their divis¬ 
ion fences; make the fields very large, say, 
100acres in each; buy a traction engine, two 
or more harvesters, and a variety of other 
new implements; employ cheap foreign labor 
and the dividends which each farmer would 
receive would be vastly greater than his in¬ 
dividual profits now are. I believe it is 
only a question of time when we shall see, in¬ 
stead of the thousands of small farms scat¬ 
tered over the country, a comparatively few 
large farms, and the owners ot these farms 
will be thoroughly organized and able to com¬ 
mand very much higher prices for their prod¬ 
uce, than is possible under the present sys¬ 
tem. H. P. s. 
A VIEW OF TRUSTS. 
A LL the signs of the times point to an 
early decadence of the system of trusts 
which have so unsettled the natural course of 
trade in this and other countries. This is 
only what might reasonably bavo been ex¬ 
pected. The individuals composing them are 
90 avaricious and unscrupulous that they do 
not hesitate at the extremest measures, and 
thus overreach all bounds, and hasten their 
own downfall. The Copper Trust exempli¬ 
fied this. Had it been content with moderate 
profits, it might still be exacting unjust and 
unnatural prices from those who were forced 
to use its goods. Another factor which enters 
largly into the general distrust of these com¬ 
binations, especially among capitalists, is the 
nature of their association. To say nothing 
of the fact that their supposed capitalization 
is largely water, the method of combination 
makes investments in their securities very un¬ 
certain at the best. It is emphatically a 
trust: each rogue entering into the agreement 
must trust to the honesty of the other 
rogues not to rob him. From the peculiar 
manner in which they are associated, the in¬ 
dividuals holding the stock of the concern are 
nothing more nor less than partners, as the 
trust has no legal existence, and is therefore 
not a corporation. They are, therefore, indi¬ 
vidually liable for any and all liabilities of 
the concern. This fact causes investors to 
hesitate about placing themselves in positions 
where they are liable to suffer the consequen¬ 
ces of acts which they have no voice in con¬ 
trolling. 
But the most potent factor in the overthrow 
of these iniquitous combinations rests with 
the people who are consumers of the products 
controlled. If they refuse to buy, or if their 
purchases be curtailed to a large degree, the 
sinews of war are taken from the enemy, and 
the length of time before its ullimate 
downfall is measured only by the surplus cap¬ 
ital at command. Several trusts are now suf¬ 
fering from this condition of affairs. The 
Jute Bagging Trust tried to rob the cotton 
growers, but they rebelled and found other 
means of covering their crop. The Twine 
Trust endeavored to extort an unjust price 
from farmers for what they had come to con¬ 
sider a necessity, but every means was adopt¬ 
ed to avoid its purchase, and it is now re¬ 
ported that the trust has a surplus of 25,000 
tons of binding twine to carry over. The Su¬ 
gar Trust also has a heavy load to carry'. The 
demand for sugar from consumers has been 
very much smaller than ordinarily, and stocks 
of refined sugars have been constantly accum¬ 
ulating. Prices of raw sugars are tending 
downward, and the future supply is likely to 
be heavy. People in some instances are using 
raw sugar, thus leaving the refiners out of 
the account completely. It seems to be al¬ 
most or quite impossible to secure legislation 
to control these combinations, but if the peo¬ 
ple who purchase their products refuse to buy, 
it is difficult to see how they can continue to 
exist for any considerable length of time. 
FRANK HADLEY. 
Citfranj. 
MAGAZINE REVIEWS. 
T HERE ARE yet to be found, here and 
there in the world, some antiquated 
specimens of humanity who think, or pretend 
to think, that woman is an inferior creature; 
that she is mentally as well as physically the 
inferior of man; that she is out of place any¬ 
where except as a house-keeper, wife and 
mother, which means in many cases, a slave 
to a man. Any one with such views should 
read The Home-Maker for August. Here we 
have a magazine for womeu, edited by wo¬ 
men, its contributors nearly all women, and 
yet in the quality of its matter, in its arrange¬ 
ment, and in its general make-up, it will com¬ 
pare favorably with the best. ‘ • Cheap Liv¬ 
ing in Cities” by Catherine Owen, deals with 
economical methods of making various kinds 
of bread, which are of interest to many be¬ 
sides city-dwellers. “ Cool Housekeeping for 
Hot Weather” has a refreshing sound, and 
the article gives many hints for accomplishing 
that desirable object. The vexed question of a 
Sunday dinner is very satisfactorily settled. 
A “symposium” on “Life Insurance” has been 
running for some months. It gives both sides 
ol the question. Choice recipes for various 
dishes are given. There is a department for 
“Our Young People,” “Our Baby,” “House¬ 
hold Health,” “Fashions,” etc, The literary 
department is well filled. “The Twistifica- 
tions of Molly Malloy” is a very clever dia¬ 
lect story. “In Wonderland, No. IV.” deals 
with bees in California. “Another old New 
York Homestead” describes the Van Cort- 
laudt Manor-House, and gives sketches of 
some of the distinguished people who have 
graced its spacious halls since its erection in 
1681 on the banks of the Croton River. “In 
the Wilderness” tells how a city couple forced 
to find a quiet place to rest and recuperate, 
made a barren chamber in a farm-house into 
a veritable “cosy corner” at very slight ex¬ 
pense. A feature of this magazine which 
pleases the busy reviewer is that its leaves are 
cut, so that he may plunge at once into its 
contents. Single number 20 cents. The 
Home-Maker Company, New York. 
D RESS REFORM is coming to occupy a 
very prominent position in the femi¬ 
nine literature of the day. Magazines devot¬ 
ed especially to this subject are becoming 
more and more common. One of the most 
prominent of the reformers, possibly on ac¬ 
count of her original and, according to some 
opinions, somewhat peculiar yiews, is Mrs. 
Annie Jenness Miller. The “ leglettes ” or di¬ 
vided skirts advocated by her, have given 
rise to a great deal of discussion. She conducts 
a magazine devoted to the dissemination 
of her views on the questions of healthful, 
convenient and appropriate garments for 
women, as well as to many other subjects 
closely associated with the physical well-being 
of the sex. This magazine is very appropri¬ 
ately called Dress. The July-August 
number, which is the first of volume III., con¬ 
tains a very valuable paper on “ Physi¬ 
cal Culture,” relating to the important 
subjects of breathing and ventilation. 
Pure air is a necessity, and anything 
that hinders its free access to the apartments, 
or to every part of the lungs, is detrimental to 
health. Tight lacing is very injurious, and 
is a predisposing cause of pulmonary com¬ 
plaints. “ Diet in Relation to Beauty and 
Health,” is very ably discussed. “Poor 
Baby ” is a very sensible article upon the 
proper treatment, both physical and mental, 
of that much-abused and long-suffering, but 
still ever-present member of society. There 
are “Fashions in Flowers,” “Midsummer 
Fashions,” “The Influence of Dress,” and 
much other information which will be help¬ 
ful to those who wish to dress healthfully, 
and yet fashionably. The frontispiece is a 
fine engraving of Mabel Jenness, one of the 
editors. Single numbers 40 cents. The Jen- 
ness-Miller Publishing Co., New York. 
A VERY suggestive story which appears 
in the Pansy this month shows how 
true it is that “ men are but children of a 
larger growth.” Jamie Stuart gives his little 
sister “ a piece of his mind ” because she gave 
all her pennies to foreign missions, when it 
was so very plain that she ought to support 
home missions by buyiug peanuts of the 
grocer who had devoted all profits on the pea¬ 
nuts he sold for a time to buying a wheel¬ 
chair for a poor lame boy. The gentle little 
sister wanted to please him, so she bought two 
cents’ worth of peanuts, and gave her other 
eight cents to the chair fund. But Jamie was 
still cross, for his interest in home missions all 
centered in the fact that Delia generally gave 
most of her peanuts to him. How many 
older ones have just about as deep-seated and 
real an interest in home missions as this. The 
two charming serials by Pansy and Margaret 
Sidney are continued, and another pretty and 
practical story is “ Dimple's Dinner Party,” 
to which, instead of inviting five little girls 
once, she invited ODe very poor little girl five 
times. D. Lothrop Company, Boston. 
T HE current number of The Writer is a 
woman’s number, every signed article 
having been contributed by women. 
“Women in Journalism” by Mary Twombly, 
has some very good advice for aspiring women 
writers. “About Style,” and “When to 
Write,” also give very many helpful hints to 
young writers. There are several short arti¬ 
cles dealing with different subjects of interest 
to authors; queries and answers, hints, etc. 
The Writer, Boston, Mass. 
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disease front pltnpies to scrofula. 
Sold everywhere. Price. Cuticura, 50c ; Soap, 25c 
Resolvent. $1. Prepared by the Potter Drug and 
Chemical Co.. Boston. Mass. 
Send for “ How to Cure Skin Diseases.” 
ZW Pimples, blackheads, chapped and oily skin _41 
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Relief In one minute, for all pains and weak¬ 
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LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC CIRCLE. 
Twelfth Annual Course. 
ROMAN HISTORY AND LITERATURE, ART, 
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150,000 ENROLLED. 
SYSTEMATIC SELF-EDUCATION. 
Address CHAUTAUQUA OFFICE, 
PLAINFIELD, NEW JERSEY. 
IUSIC-ART-ELOCUTION and 
I General Culture. Ilenirable l*o»«tion» 
[open to progressive students. All interested 
I will receive valuable Information Free, 
by addressing 15. TOUEJJ5E, Boston, Mass. 
University of the State of New York. 
A3IER1CAN 
VETERINARY COLLEGE, 
139 and 141 West 54ih Street, New York Citv. 
1GTH ANNUAL SESSION 
The regular course of Lectures commences In Octo - 
ber of each year. Circular and Information can be 
had on application to 
I). A. L1AUTABD. V. M„ Dean of the Faculty 
UMIC STUDY. Book-keeping, Business Forms. Pen- 
nUInl. manshlp. Arithmetic, Shorthand, etc., tho¬ 
roughly’ taught by MAIL Circulars free 
BRYANT & STRATTON’S, 415 .Main St., Buffalo, N.Y 
Practical Hints 
TO BUILDERS. 
A LITTLE BOOK of 
ion pages containing 
solid facts that every 
man contemplating 
BUILDING should 
know before letting 
his contracts. Sliortchapterson the kitchen,chimneys, 
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Address National Sheet .Metal l< ooling Co.. 
510 East Twentieth Street, New York City. 
PURE 
DISSOLVED 
ANIMAL BONE, 
DISSOLVED S. C. PHOSPHATE. 
Also Manufacturers of Complete Fertilizer. 
WM.DAVISON «& CO., Baltimore. Md, 
H. S. MILLER & CO., 
-MANUFACTURERS OF- 
Pur© Animal Bon© 
FJER TIIsIZERS: 
For all Crops mid Soi Ih. Factory and Princlpa 
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MANAGER 
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$2000 per YEAR 
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EVAPORATORS. 
$3.30. $0.00 and $10.00. 
Send for circular. EASTERN 
WOVEN WIRE FENCE! 
40c to Sl.00 per Rod. 
Something new. Made of steel wire, galvanized. 
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1,000,000 worth Monuments at cost N.Y. & Mass. 
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WHEAT FERTILIZER 
§20 PUB TON. Sold to Farmers direct from 
our works. No agents. 
VO It K CHEMICAL, WORKS, lork, Pa. 
For analysis, see last issue of U. N.-Y. 
S TEAM! S TEAM! 
Quality Higher, Price Lower. 
For Strictly Cash, Complete Fixtures except Stack. 
2-Horae Eureka Boiler and Engine, $135 
4 -. " $210 
Other sizes at low prices. 
Before you buy get our prices 
B. W. PAYNE 6 l SONS, 
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ROSSIE IRON ORE PAINT. 
Is made from Red Oxide Ore—Is the best and most 
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It OSSIE IKON OKK PAINT < II., 
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W ANTED—To correspond with a party who 
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N.Y. draft. Address A. N. JONES, Le Roy, N.Y. 
