4889 
THE BUBAL WEW-YOBKEB. 
643 
Bitral &oyu$. 
JERSEYISMS. 
Yes, it is better to take your $500 or $600 
and pay it toward a farm, than to hire a place 
on shares and use your money to buy cows 
and horses. 
There is no better time of the year for cut¬ 
ting those briars and bushes beside the roads 
and fences than the present. 
A seeding of six pecks of winter rye to the 
acre is better than the ordinary rule of a 
“bushel an acre.” If you cannot afford that, 
then do not raise rye. 
Did you know that you have some cows 
that give heavier milk than others, and that 
if you are butter-making, those are the cows 
to keep ? 
Nev^r mind asking how much Farmer So- 
an-So is worth. You had much better in¬ 
quire how he made his money and how good 
a farm he has. That is the test of his 
“worth.” 
When do you pay your hired man ? It may 
depend on the man largely, but I like the old 
way of paying at the close of the season, in¬ 
stead of monthly. 
You left your plow out there on the edge 
of the field last May, but what would you say 
if your wife left her churn out in the sun an 
hour or two too long ? 
Why, of course, you are going to the fair; 
are you not ? If not, why ? There is no reason 
for not going. Hitch up, and be sure to put 
in two seats, so you can all go. 
As to those trees that you think of thinning 
out next winter, just look at ’em now and 
mark the decaying ones. You can tell better 
now than during winter. 
Clean out the ditches before the fall rains 
come. Gather your seeds. Cart in some 
muck. Do not throw those seeded weeds in 
the pig-pen, but burn them. 
Potatoes to dig; corn to cut and husk; roots 
to gather; apples to pick ! Wake up, my dear 
fellow ! No time to be dull with the year so 
bright! 
When you pull those roots, hadn’t you bet¬ 
ter pull that root of bitterness between you 
and your neighbor? But, say, what did you 
let it grow for ? 
It is not a good plan in the long run to 
change work frequently with your neighbors. 
It is very pleasant, but it tends to lounging 
and idleness. 
Hurrah, hurrah, for the premiums ! Here’s 
to the girl that can best darn a stocking, and 
to the lad that shall raise the biggest squash ! 
Are they your children ? 
You are acquainted with that man who 
speculates in a little of everything, and turns 
pennies by shaving notes. Are not you ? 
Then cut hi? acquaintance forthwith. 
Wheat shrinks one-tenth of its first weight 
inside of eight weeks after it is thrashed in 
the fall. [ ?— Eds.] Ergo, is it not better not 
to thrash till winter ? 
It may not be generally known that seed 
wheat sown after it is one year olu never pro¬ 
duces smut. I think this is also true of rye. 
Who knows ? 
Mustard may be cultivated with profit. 
It is sowed two quarts per acre, reaped, 
thrashed and sweated. The crop is about 25 
bushels an acre. It sells at from $2 to $5. 
Pay the same attention to the culture of 
your fruit-trees that you do to your corn 
potatoes and vegetables, and they will yield 
seven per cent. more. 
If you must divide your farm into fields, 
have them square. A kit-a-corner field is not 
economical in any sense, aud does not agree 
with good tanning. 
Tne farmer, or the farmer’s hired man, who 
runs to the village every evening, and is not 
home till 11 o’clock, is cousin to the sluggard. 
What ? Keep your boy out of school till 
fall work is done ? Don’t do it. He is worth 
more to you in school than picking apples or 
husking corn. J * E - s * 
Westfield, N. J. 
BUCEPHALUS BROWN’S NOTIONS AND 
IDEAS. 
Dairying is increasing so rapidly all over 
the country, aud the yield per cow has so 
advanced that American dairymen must soon 
begin to look out for foreign markets for the 
butter, as well as their cheese. Here is the true 
field for the creameries, aud they should push 
forward in that direction, rather than, as 
Hoard’s Dairyman intimates, seek to 
crowd their goods into families, in competi¬ 
tion with the better class of farm dairies. 
These thiDgs must, in the long run, regulate 
themselves; but much disturbance would be 
avoided, if;more souutf thought were given to 
the matter. 
The Human Constitution in warm as 
well as cold countries, demands “ respiratory 
food,” and choice edible fats and oils, like 
butter and olive oil, will always rate as table 
luxuries, and command fancy prices like 
favorite wines. Here is a field that opens it¬ 
self for a vast amount of skilled labor on the 
farm. Choice butter and cheese, like choice 
fruit, are products not possible except under 
trained and specially skillful bands. These 
are the openings for educated farming, and 
in them only educated farming will find a 
profitable success. 
Educated Farming, however, suffers 
from the confounding of mere literary ac¬ 
quirements with genuine education. This is 
the reason why “ book-farming” has had 
point as an opprobrious epithet. But a man 
may have large literary acquirements with 
very little true education, and, on the other 
hand, he may be thoroughly educated in 
many lines without possessing any true liter¬ 
ary tastes. 
Farming, properly carried on, offers the 
best of fields for the all-around development 
of the human faculties and character. It is 
not a fenced-in business which few can hope 
to enter upon. It is open to all industrious 
men. The poorest boy, if he is strong, bright 
and energetic, can be the master of a good 
farm in America by the time he is 30 years 
old; and that is quite soon enough, for that is 
as soon as he is likely to know enough to run 
it. And in what other business are such re¬ 
sults so easily acquired? 
Failure in Farming, of which we hear so 
much, comes, in tho great majority ot cases, 
from entering the business without mental 
capital, quite as much as without money. The 
wise youth who chooses this line of life will 
apprentice himself to a good master, know bis 
chosen branch thoroughly, and work as a sub¬ 
ordinate until he has gained cash enough to 
start alone. In doing this he will learn as he 
goes aloDg, not only how to work, but the 
amount of means he must have to do it suc¬ 
cessfully. 
It is Much the Same with farmers’ wives. 
Farming should be the favorite business of 
those women who demand the equality 
of the sexes in all things; for an educated 
farm girl will be qualified to be the equal 
partner of her husband in his business. Here 
man and wife can work together, each in a 
sphere of his or her own, of equal importance, 
and contributing equally to their mutual suc¬ 
cess I wish that I had the power to convince 
our young people of the merits of farming as 
the safest and surest basis for a satisfactory 
life work. Farming has its trials, and it is a 
great test of character; but it offers the most 
and the purest satisfaction that humanity 
can realize on this earth. 
£1 )t THimjariX 
REMOVING THE BORDEAUX MIX¬ 
TURE FROM GRAPES. 
M. H. BECKWITH. 
fruit in water, the adhering mixture could be 
entirely removed. The method pursued in 
this ca?e was to use one quart of strong cider 
vinegar to five gallons of water. The fruit 
was placed in wire baskets which would con¬ 
tain about 20 pounds. By using two baskets 
and placing the second in the vinegar and 
water when the first was removed, and allow¬ 
ing it to remain there while the first basket of 
fruit was rinsed twice in water and the 
grapes spread upon evaporator frames or 
other receptacles to dry, then the second bas¬ 
ket of fruit would be ready for rinsing. 
Acetic acid could be used if desired instead of 
the vinegar. The fruit treated in the above 
manner was rendered perfectly wholesome 
and merchantable and the expense is light. 
Delaware County, Agricultural Experiment 
Station, Newark, Del. 
Porno logical. 
WYANT PLUM. 
l-EisrtU awaits. 
NEW JERSEY NOTES. 
This fine native variety was favorably 
spoken of at the nurserymen’s convention at 
Chicago, and a reader of the Rural a®ks me 
to give something about its history and its 
claims to public attention. 
It originated on the grounds of a Mr. 
Wyant near the small town of Janesville on 
Cedar River in Iowa, where it has not missed 
a crop in a number of years. That it is a 
full-blooded native of the Americana species 
I have no reason to doubt. In size it does not 
average larger than the De Soto, and it is 
much like it in shape and color, its superiority 
consists in it3 high quality for dessert or culi¬ 
nary use, and its being a perfect freestone. 
Where perfectly ripe specimens are cut up 
and used with cream and sugar it is superior 
for table use to any pative plum I have tested, 
and when canned it has very little if any of 
the usual astringency of our native sorts. 
In 20 years it has shown no defects in tree, 
foliage, or habits of regular bearing and it is 
not troubled with curculio to a greater ex¬ 
tent than the De Soto. 
At the East it may not do as well, but it is 
worthy of trial where there is a demand for 
our best native sorts. J. L. budd. 
Ames, Iowa. 
farm Ccoaomij. 
FRUIT EVAPORATING. 
In all that has been written concerning the 
spraying of grape vines with the Bordeaux 
Mixture it is claimed that the rains will re¬ 
move all traces of it by the time the fruit ma¬ 
tures. This is contrary to my experience 
with the grapes upon which the mixture was 
used the present season. There has been a 
large amount of rairfall since the final ap¬ 
plication of the Bordeaux Mixture to the 
vines in two vineyards where this Station has 
been testiug the efficacy of various solutions 
for the disease known as the “ black rot.” 
The owner of one vineyard in Kent County, 
has applied the Bordeaux Mixture about 
every 10 days, under the direction of this 
station, while some of his neighbors have 
made only one, or, at most two, applications to 
their vines. The result is that the vines 
which have been repeatedly treated are free 
from the disease and have perfected a fair 
crop of fruit. Those of his neighbors have 
the fruit entirely destroyed by the disease. 
But in the meantime the grapes are more or 
less covered with the Bordeaux Mixture, ren¬ 
dering them unfit for market. The conse¬ 
quence was his neighbors were inclined to 
laugh and say to him: “ You have saved your 
fruit; but what good is it to you as it is un¬ 
merchantable?” 
The owner of the vineyard was of course 
very greatly discouraged by these remarks 
and wrote to the director of this station who 
at once visitod the vineyard with the view of 
devising some method of removing the mix¬ 
ture from the fruit. 
Upon trial it was found by adding a small 
amount of cider vinegar to the water in which 
the grapes were placed and allowed to remain 
a few ramutes, and afterwards riusiug the 
The Erie and Lawton Blackberries as we 
have them, are alike; that is, if the Erie is a 
seedling, it is no improvement on the Lawton. 
The Jersey Tomato is the earliest. The 
Volunteer is nearly as early as any, and the 
Beauty, except for earliness, I consider the 
best for all purposes. 
We have one Hawtboruden Apple tree. It 
is a slow grower; in ot her respects it is simi¬ 
lar to the Maiden’s Blush, except that the 
tree is a heavier bearer and the fruit larger. 
If this is a general characteristic, the Blush 
should be superseded. 
The Northern Spy Potato yielded for us at 
the rate of 300 bushels per acre. It has two 
great faults: we have three distinct styles of 
potatoes from one potato planted, and the eyes 
are very deep on one of the types. If it is like 
the old Peachblow, it will always be sprout¬ 
ing. 
The Smith's Cider Apple is the tree that bears 
this year. The Wealthy bears every year and 
the fruit wifi be ripe by September 1st. The 
Lawver is a pretty apple. Our specimen tree 
appears to say good things come singly. Our 
tree of Wealthy has for three years borne full 
crops each year. The Lawver is larger and 
has not borne a dozen apples yet. 
A moist soil that wiil not stay wet and that 
seldom gets dry is the place for raising al¬ 
most any crop suited to the climate. Sucn 
land is not abundant and usually sells for less 
than its value. 
The Ott Pear has been very nice 
this year—about equal to Seckel in quality, 
and ripe before the Bartlett. 
A combination of sheep, poultry aud hogs 
will not keep away the coddling moth, unless 
the animals keep the ground entirely bare. 
We have in the chicken-vard a tree on which 
only one specimen was affected by the worm. 
Outside where all tho stock run the fruit was 
not much better than was that where no stock 
went. The kerosene emulsion or the arsenites 
are effective it properly applied, and they also, 
I think, destroy the fungus that attacks the 
little apples and pears. 
As a rule, more injury is done by dry 
weather than by wet. We had a shortage in 
the water supply for at least seven years out 
of 10 . This year we have had a constant 
over-supply; but the damage does not com¬ 
pare with that suffered in the dry year of 
1880 . s. J. H. 
CORRESPONDENTS’ VIEWS. 
The evaporating of fruit has become one of 
the new and leading industries of the northern 
tier of counties in Western New York. The 
business has grown, in six or eight years, from 
drying a few pounds of apples or berries to be 
traded at the store for groceries or drygoods, 
to a business requiring thousands of dollars to 
carry it on; in fact, m some towns a good ap¬ 
ple crop brings in as much money as all other 
farm crops combined. The business is well 
distributed throughout the country, there be¬ 
ing comparatively few large evaporators, but 
a large number of the capacity of from 20 to 
100 bushels per day owned by the farmers 
themselves. The evaporators are of various 
kinds. In my own work I prefer what is 
known here as the Box Evaporator. This is 
simply a box 19 feet long, four feet wide and 
five feet high,standing on a substantial stone 
wall. In it are runways for the trays which 
are 3x4 feet, made of galvanized wire cloth. 
These are filled with prepared fruit and shoved 
in directly over the furnace, where they re¬ 
main 15 minutes, and are replaced by more 
trays of fresh fruit, the first ones going on the 
next run above with less heat, aud so on until 
they reach the top and are taken off dry, 
The fruit remains in the evaporator five hours 
and I di v 100 bushels per day. 
In preparing apples for the evaporator, the 
machine that pares and cores the apple is gen¬ 
erally run by hand, one man or boy paring 
about 50 bushels in ten hours. The apples 
drop from the macnine on to a table, and 
bad spots and bits of sfcin that remain are 
trimmed off. Then they are taxon to the 
bleacher to be bleached with sulphur smoke, 
and are then sliced ready to be spread on the 
trays for drying. 
The raising and evaporating of raspberries 
are receiving a good deal of attention, many 
tons being evaporated each season. The 
process is the same as for apples, except as 
regards the preparation, the beiries being 
ready for the evaporator as they come from 
the field. 
I have just finished evaporating my crop of 
berries for this season, which was a light one 
on account of wed weather, B, A. T. 
WolTOtt, N, y, 
Failures. —As a rule, people do not like to 
talk of their failures; much less do they like 
to have other people speak of them. But I 
sometimes think it almost as important to 
know about the failures as about the succes¬ 
ses. A few years ago a member of our pom- 
ological society stated, in one of the meetings, 
that he had sold $125 worth of blackberries 
from a city lot or one-fifth of an acre. 
Though this had perhaps been often done be¬ 
fore, the statement created quite a sensation, 
and many thought they could do as well aud 
tried it. Had some one in the meeting told 
how he had failed to grow $125 worth, there 
would have been fewer plowing up their 
blackberry plantations now to try somathing 
more remunerative. 
But I started out to write about squash and 
this is how I grew them—or failed to do so. 
A rich clover sod of two acres was well pre¬ 
pared, and marked as for corn. Every third 
hill of every third row was especially ma¬ 
nured for the squash. The first row was 
planted with sweet corn, the next with beans, 
and the third, except the squash hills, with 
beans also, and so on. I had raised about 12 
tons to the acre on a similar plan, though on 
somewhat richer ground, and thought to do 
about as well this year. The squash came up 
strong, with hardly a missing hill, and grew 
finely. But, alas! The striped bug made 
an attack by scores.and hundreds. We tried 
all the known or ever-heard-of remedies, but 
to no avail. Then we set to killing them—a 
big job. Hardly had we vanquished them, 
when the big black stink bug—Auasa tristis— 
made his appearance. Remedies were again 
applied, but to no purpose. We killed them 
by the thousand, but their offensive smell and 
touch had already done their work and the 
squash vines withered like Jonah’s •gourd be¬ 
fore the worm. This year we will not have a 
squash. I once knew how to grow squashes, 
but I give it up. Next! Please speak in time 
for next year. w. F. B. 
Ann Arbor, Mich. 
Large Yields of Corn—How it Looks 
c,v the Ground,—W e sometimes see reports 
