1889. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
627 
ers will not be slow to learn why it is that 
so much of the beef now in the market is 
hard, dry, and tasteless, and will demand 
meat full of rich juices, with high flavor, 
and will he willing to pay for it. But this 
quality is only found in cattle of good blood 
that are well fattened, and of suitable age; 
say in bullocks of half or three-quarter 
blood 30 to 36 months old, at which age fat¬ 
tened cattle should weigh 1,300 to 1,500 
pounds with proper and not extravagant 
feeding and management. 
Since the above was written, there has 
been a material advance in the market 
price of good heavy cattle as compared with 
the figures for inferior and light stock, 
caused, as I understand, by the expiration 
of a contract which a syndicate of export¬ 
ers had made with ocean steamers for 
all their available space, by which this 
syndicate was able fora time to control the 
market value of export cattle. 
BOGUS JELLIES. 
T. Greiner, Niagara County, N. y.— 
Yes, there is considerable demand for jel¬ 
lies at prices that would land in the poor- 
house any one fool-hardy enough to attempt 
meeting this demand by the manufacture 
of jellies from genuine fruit and good cane 
sugar. There is a demand for jellies that 
can be sold cheap, and neither grocer nor 
hotel-keeper nor boarding-house mistress 
will pay a cent more per quart for genuine 
fruit jelly than for the stuff made from 
alum, and gelatine or at best from apple ref¬ 
use and the cheapest sugar, flavored with 
coal-tar extracts. Why should they? The 
cheap adulterated article answers the pur¬ 
pose just jus well, and tickles the palates of 
the boarder just as much as the pure arti¬ 
cle. The consideration for the consumer's 
health does not count with the seller or dis¬ 
penser. But such consideration should 
count with the authorities and law-makers. 
Now what’s the use of talking about a 
prohibitory tariff on bananas and other for¬ 
eign fruits, with the view of shutting off 
the perfectly legitimate foreign compe¬ 
tition, so long as we allow a promising out¬ 
let for much of our surplus fruits to be en¬ 
tirely blocked by fraudulent illegitimate 
competition at home by the unrestricted, 
and, thus far, unopposed manufacture and 
sale of bogus jellies, the consumption of 
which can not be recommended on sanitary 
grounds. Here we have a case analogous 
to the adulteration of dairy products, only 
in an aggravated form. Our horticultural 
“oleomargarine is a mixture of nasty ma¬ 
terials.” It has driven the genuine horticul¬ 
tural product entirely out of the markets, 
and forbids its remunerative nanufacture. 
Here, indeed, is cause for “protection.” 
Against cheap bananas the grower of do¬ 
mestic fruit can in a measure protect him¬ 
self, by the production of strictly first-class 
fruits, and by the adoption of improved 
modes of culture—cheapening production. 
Against the horrid mixtures called “fruit 
jellies” he is powerless, and prohibitory 
laws are called for. Demand for jellies? 
All the present demand at present prices 
does not justify the advice to the fruit¬ 
grower and to the house-wife to go to the 
trouble and the expense of making such 
goods. When the cheap refuse, coal-tar 
mixture, is done away with by the enact¬ 
ment of an anti-bogus jelly law, then, and 
not until then, it will be time to talk about 
the demand for fruit jellies. 
FALL FEEDING OF MOWING LANDS. 
P. C., Milford, N. H. —I never turn cat¬ 
tle into the mowing to feed in the fall. I 
would much rather cut the grass and feed 
the stock in the barn. I always plan to 
have plenty of fodder corn, and when the 
frost takes that then I feed barley and peas, 
which I sow about August 10, and 1 cut 
and feed that generally until snow comes. 
After the advent of freezing weather, I cut 
it and keep enough on hand in the barn so 
that it will thaw out before it is fed. There 
are farms near here that are pastured so 
closely in the fall that it is impossible for 
the grass to recover in the spring, and con¬ 
sequently the hay crop is lighter every 
year until the land has been seeded again. 
Any one can see such places in every town, 
and those who practice fall feeding will not 
readily believe the bad results of it ; but, if 
you ask them how their grass is turning 
out, they will say that they have not much 
more than half a crop and that they don’t 
see why it is, and if you hint to them that 
they pasture it too much, they will say that 
t hey think it is best to feed otT some of the 
old stuff and mowing will be easier next 
year, and that it doesn’t do any harm. If 
they think so and will use no judgment, 
when they can see the difference between 
their fields in the spring and those of their 
neighbor who does not fall-feed his mow¬ 
ing, then. perhaps it is best not to advise 
them any more, for they will do just so 
again every fall while life lasts. 
ISOTHERMAL LINES, NOT PARALLELS OF 
LATITUDE. 
J. C. V., Chicago, III.—Referring to a 
recent note in the Rural, by Mr. Gregory, 
in regard to the effect of latitude on the 
earliness of corn, I do not think the truth 
is fully stated. The question is not at all 
one of latitude, but one of similar degrees of 
heat or cold. These differ from parallels of 
latitude very greatly, and are governed by 
very many causes, such as variation of al¬ 
titude, prevailing drought or rainfall, con¬ 
tiguous large bodies of water, etc. 
To arrange for corn of one variety which 
will ripen a few days apart, one should 
study the isothermal lines. 
For example, suppose corn to be planted 
at Madison, Wisconsin, and also at South 
Bend, Indiana; at these two places although 
125 miles apart as to latitude, it would ma¬ 
ture at the same season. Corn planted at 
the same time at Grand Haven, Michigan, 
on a latitude parallel with Madison, Wis¬ 
consin, would not mature until 10 days 
later than the same variety planted at 
Madison, owing to the prevalence of cool 
westerly winds from Lake Michigan. I 
think in no case could this difference in 
earliness of maturity be managed by fol¬ 
lowing strictly the parallels of latitude, 
but it could be thoroughly and correctly 
done by planting according to parallels of 
similar heat or cold, that is isothermal 
lines. 
II. A. W., Chautauqua County, N. Y.— 
An inquirer asks in the Rural if it would 
pay to have two sets of wheels for farm 
wagons. If the wagon is to be used on the 
farm and also on the road, one should have 
two sets of wheels. The tires for the road 
wagon should be 1% inch, those for the 
farm wagon not less than six inches, and 
the wheels should not be over 3L feet in 
diameter. There is little trouble in chang¬ 
ing, if one is prepared with a handy jack. 
The wide-tired wagon can be used on. the 
farm when it would be impossible to use 
the narrow-tired one to any advantage. 
L. H., DANSVILLE, N. Y.—What Mr. 
Terry says, in speaking of shallow cultiva¬ 
tion for potatoes on page 555 of the Rural, 
prompts me to speak of my method. I 
have a wheel fastened to the rear of my cul¬ 
tivator so that the depth at which the rear 
teeth or those in front run can lie as easily 
adjusted. If I wished to take either wheel 
off, I would remove the front one, as less 
damage would be done by the front teeth 
running deeply. 
FINALLY. 
Butter and Cheese.— Professor Long, 
in a lecture before the Cirencester Cham¬ 
ber of Agriculture, England, as noted by 
I)r. Hoskins in the Vermont Watchman, 
said that a ton of butter takes from the soil 
2.7 pounds of nitrogen, 1.58 pound of phos¬ 
phoric acid, and one pound of potash, the 
total value of which he estimated at about 
50 cents. No other product, probably, takes 
so small an amount of fertilizing material 
off from the farm. Cheese is much more 
exhaustive. The professor’s estimate is 
that a ton of cheese takes from the soil 112 
pounds of nitrogen, 1.58 pound of phosphor¬ 
ic acid and one pound of potash—valued at 
about 810. When the milk is sold off from 
the farm there go with it, in addition to 
what is in the cheese, 2.72 pounds of nitro¬ 
gen, 1.84 pound of phosphoric acid, and 5.67 
pounds of potash. 
It is estimated by the past rate of increase 
of population that in 30 years hence or in 
1920, the population of the V. S. will be 
160,000,000. The R. N.-Y. wonders how farm¬ 
ing will pay then. 
SULPHATE of Lime (plaster) is recom¬ 
mended as better than lime to prevent po¬ 
tato rot. 
Farmers of this state are cautioned by 
Director Collier to beware of wheat swin¬ 
dles. 
The N. Y. Times says that it is a mistake 
to suppose that a plantation of young tim¬ 
ber would not add to the selling value of a 
farm. People who come as recruits to 
farming from other business pursuits, are 
most apt to look at a thrifty grove of tim¬ 
ber as of more value—as it really is—than 
any other equal area of land on a farm. 
Few men besides farmers ignore the value, 
as well as the beauty, of a grove or plot of 
woodland; and the majority of farmers are 
now discovering that a plantation coming 
on is a good thing to have on the farm. A 
row of trees along each side of the road, if 
nothing more can be provided for, will 
much enhance the value of the land, and it 
certainly adds to the beauty of the land¬ 
scape, which is an element of value in the 
estimation of any reasonable purchaser_ 
J. H. Hale pronounces the Oldmixon the 
best eating peach that grows. He planted 
more largely of it than of any of the others, 
and expects to have not less than 5,000 bas¬ 
kets of this one variety. He finds that one 
orchard of this variety on light sandy soil is 
ripening its fruit 10 days ahead of other 
orchards, and these will all be out of the way 
before the others come on, and so prolong 
the season 10 days. 
Secretary of Agriculture Rusk fav¬ 
ors Chicago for the World’s Fair in 1802 and 
he gives several excellent reasons therefor. 
Utterly regardless of local interests, or the 
interests of any State, the R. N.-Y. wants 
the great fair to be held where it will best 
serve the interests of the entire country_ 
The London Garden calls our desire to 
increase the size of flowers a “ crazy fash¬ 
ion.’’ It mentions the petunia, marigold, 
pansy, hollyhock and balsam as among the 
flowers which have suffered most by this 
sort of “improvement.”. 
PROPAGATE strawberries by selecting the 
most vigorous runners is the good advice of 
C. L. Jones in Garden and Forest. 
In putting up grape juice, catsups or 
anything of the kind which is to keep in an 
unfermented condition remember two 
things: Have the liquid boiling hot and 
fill the bottles full. Of course the cork dis¬ 
places some of the liquid. Be sure the 
corks are sound and air-tight. When the 
liquid cools, it will contract leaving a 
small space between it and the cork. It is 
a safe precaution to dip the corks in some 
kind of wax. 
PROF. J. L. Budd of Ames, Iowa, in re¬ 
ply to a question, states in the Farmer’s 
Review that during the past 20 years he 
has watched the behavior of the peach when 
budded on young stocks of the Wild Goose 
—Miner and other Chickasaw varieties— 
and he has about reached the belief that in 
some respects they are preferable to peach 
roots. He says he has not known the borer 
to attack the peach wood when budded on 
these stocks above the crown. He has 
thought that the peach wood ripened up 
more, perfectly on these stocks, and that 
for this reason the fruit buds would endure 
a lower winter temj>erature. He has be¬ 
lieved that the peach would do well on this 
stock on soils where it would nearly fail 
on peach roots. 
ABSTRACTS. 
-New York Herald: “The surest way 
to please is to forget one's self and think 
only of others.” 
-“The reason some men can’t make both 
ends meet is because they are too busily en¬ 
gaged in making one end drink.” 
Laugh, and the world laughs with you; 
Weep, and you weep alone, 
-C. L. Allen in American Garden: “As 
cut flowers for table decoration, the nas¬ 
turtium has but few equals, and for garden 
display, five cents’ worth of seed will pro¬ 
duce a greater and more pleasing effect 
than $25 invested in bedding plants, besides 
a bountiful supply for pickles, than which 
there are none better.” 
-Boston Courier: “Domestic skeletons 
are usually formed of the bones of conten¬ 
tion.” 
-Henry Stewart: “As a plant grows 
most vigorously when its roots have a firm 
hold upon the soil, so a farmer is most 
prosperous when he feels firmly attached to 
his farm and thinks of it as a life interest 
to him.” 
-N. Y. Times: “All grain bins should 
be made of such sizes as will hold an even 
number of bushels, and by having marks 
around the bins inside, the contents of a 
partly-filled bin may be known. Thus, if 
the floor of a bin is 50 inches long by 43 wide 
inside, every inch in depth equals one 
bushel. A bin 100 inches long by 43 wide 
holds two bushels in each inch of depth. 
Thus a bin may be made to measure itself 
by marking the depth in inches on the ends 
and sides and leveling the grain.” 
-American Florist: “That the cata¬ 
logue business is being overdone there can 
be little doubt, and in the present fierce 
competition it will soon be a case of the sur¬ 
vival of the fittest. And we predict that 
the survivors will be those who have honest 
illustrations and descriptions in their cata¬ 
logues, who eschew all bombast and exag¬ 
gerations, and who conduct their business 
in a square, straightforward way, getting a 
fair price for a good article which will give 
satisfaction to the. buyer.” 
-LrFE: “Lover (ardently): ‘ I love the 
very ground you tread on.’ 
Heiress: * I thought it was the farm you 
were after.’ ” 
-Farm Journal: “ When it takes five 
quarts of milk to pay for one drink of whis¬ 
key it pays to drink milk and let the whis¬ 
key alone. It pays always to let whiskey 
alone.” 
-“ If an insect gets into the ear drown 
him in oil and then wash him out with 
warm water.” 
-N. Y. HERALD: “ Good crops are the 
basis of our wealth and general well being, 
and the yield this year is so grand as to 
warrant a day of special thanksgiving. The 
shortage in the harvests abroad assures a 
good demand for our surplus cereals, and 
their export, together with the continued 
investment of foreign funds in manufac¬ 
tures here, should bring an influx of gold 
later on.” 
-N. Y. SUN: “ If the great consolidated 
farmers’ trust succeeds in controlling the 
cotton crop, the flag of monopoly will float 
defiantly over cotton States. It is amusing 
to see men denouncing monopoly and at 
the same time trying to get a monopoly; 
but such is the humor of human nature.” 
-Orange County Farmer: “Wehave 
fattened calves in from six to seven weeks’ 
time, exclusively on sweet skim-milk, that 
weighed over 200 pounds, and made very 
nice veal at that. A little linseed-oil meal 
added, however, improves the milk for that 
purpose.” 
Scrofnla In Its feverest forms, salt rheum, and all 
other blood diseases, are cured by the great blood 
purifier, Hood’s Saisapar.lla. The voluntary state¬ 
ments of cures by this medicine are really 'wonderful. 
Send for particulars to C. I. Hood & Co., proprietors 
Hood’s Sarsaparilla. Lowell, Mass. 
^NGONM 
Highly concentrated. Dose small. In quantity costs 
less than one-tenth cent a day per hen. Prevents and 
cures all diseases. If you can’t get It, we send by mail 
post-paid. One pack. 25c. Five $(. 2 1-tlb. can'$1.20; 
5 cans $5. Express paid. Testimonials free. Send stamps or 
cash. Farmers’ Poultry Guide (price 25c.) free with gl.00 
orders or more. I. S. JOHNSON & CO., Boston, Mass. 
TheStrongest. Best Durable. Handsomest, Kaslest Running 
and In erery way TIIK BKST KKKI1 (TTTKK made. All Slirs, 
for Hand or Power. Carriers any length. For lam Prlees and 
Best Discounts, send for Illustrated Catalogue *‘K.” Valuable 
“Knsilage encyclopedia" free to all who mention this paper. 
Also tlanufarturers of the Celebrated Centennial Fanning Hilt 
S. Freeman d Sons Mfg. Co,, Racine, Wis. 
SIIERWIN BROS’. 
SAFETY HOLDBACKS 
self-unhllchlng—finest thing out. Sample Fair, with 
Straps, $1.25, prepaid. Agents wanted. Address 
8IIE11W1N BROS., 
Brandon, Wts., or Lincoln, Neb. 
SFRINbrIHD ENGINE X THRESHER CO..SPRINGFIELD.0. 
