696 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
OCTOBER 19 
THE 
RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
(34 Park Row, New York), 
A National Journal for Country and Suburban 
Homes. 
Conducted by 
ELBERT S. CARMAN. 
SATURDAY, OCTOBER 1!), 1889. 
THREE DWARF LIMAS. 
T 'LL give two thousand dol- 
1 lars,” said Peter Hender¬ 
son a year ago, “ for a prolific 
bush Lima that shall bear beans 
(pods and seeds) as large as those 
of the pole Lima.” It occurred 
to the writer that he would make 
successive plantings of the Hen¬ 
derson's Dwarf Sieva and cross 
them with pole Limas. This was 
done, but it was found impossible 
to effect a cross, simply because 
the pistils were so tightly coiled 
and surrounded by the stamems 
as to make separation impossible 
until too late—that is, until the 
pollen of the anthers was mature. 
Strangely enough, at this very 
time, the Kumerle, a dwarf 
Dreer's Lima, was being offered 
for sale, while a little later a dwarf 
large Lima was announced. True 
it is that successes, like misfor¬ 
tunes, “ never come singly.” 
One of the largest loan and trust 
companies doing business in Kansas 
has collapsed, and another has decided 
to go into the hands of a receiver and 
stop business. Both made loans chief¬ 
ly on farm mortgages, using East¬ 
ern capital, and the headquarters of 
both are in Boston. The business of 
late has been a losing one. The West¬ 
ern agents looked more carefully to 
their own interests than to those of 
their distant employers They made 
loans very recklessly, it is charged, as 
their commissions depended on the 
amount of business they did, not on 
the security of their investments. It 
is claimed that in many cases they 
lent money, not on the intrinsic value 
of the farms, but on their prospective 
value under favorable contingencies, 
or on their fictitious value due to 
transient “booms.” The visionaiy 
values were never realized; the fic¬ 
titious values collapsed with the 
booms that created them, and heavy 
losses were incurred. Many farms 
were found to be worth much less 
than the amount loaned on them; the 
owners abandoned them, and the 
mortgagees were left despondent. It 
is asserted that other associatioixs of 
the kind operating in Kansas and 
other Western States, can escape the 
same fate only by prompt and prudent 
action. 
A CHECK ON A GIANT MO¬ 
NOPOLY. 
•• Three blind mice. 
Three blind mice; 
See how they run. 
See how ihey run.” 
etc , etc. 
The head-lines on the first page, 
“Three Lima Beans.” etc, will he 
seen to be a parody on the above well- 
known “round ” song. 
The last planting of our Kumerle 
Dwarf Lima is now, after two or three 
frosts, well filled with beans. The 
pods are large and well filled. The 
objection made to the new dwarf 
Limas—that the beans rest on the 
ground and ai*e covered with soil- 
does not amount to much. What is 
the objection to throwing them into a 
pail or tub of water? 
Considerable space is given this 
week to a consideration of bush and 
pole beans in general and of pole and 
dwarf Limas in particular. The R. 
N.-Y. has not tried Burpee’s Dwarf 
Lima, as it is not as yet in the mar¬ 
ket. But we have tried both Hender¬ 
son’s and Kumerle’s. Our opinion is 
that these beans have come to stay. 
The Henderson will be valuable for its 
earliness—the Kumerle as a dwarf 
Dreer’s Lima, and the Burpee for a 
Large Dwarf Lima. Thousands of peo¬ 
ple, those especially who have a lim¬ 
ited garden area, do not raise pole 
Limas because of the trouble ana ex¬ 
pense of procuring and setting the 
poles. These dwarf varieties require 
no more space than any of the bush 
beans, while the pole botheration is en¬ 
tirely avoided. 
A company with a capital of $300,- 
000, has been organized to build an 
extensive new stock-yard at Philadel¬ 
phia. Its promoters are Western men 
who wish to ship cattle on the hoof to 
that point and there dress the meat 
wholly for export, working up all the 
“ waste ” products, on the spot, into 
glue, tallow,bone-black and fertilizing 
material. It is claimed that the beef 
killed at the seaboard for shipment 
abroad will be given preference in 
foreign markets over Western dressed 
beef as fresher and more wholesome, 
and that the company has made very 
favorable terms with the Baltimore 
and Ohio Railroad to enable it to com¬ 
pete with the Chicago and Kansas 
City syndicates. If the meat be all ex¬ 
ported, the new enterprise will not 
lave much effect on the prices of 
eastern stock ; while, as a competitor 
with the Big Four, it will have a ten¬ 
dency to raise the price of cattle in 
those sections of the West—chiefly 
Colorado—from which it will obtain 
its supplies. 
r pHE most powerful, offensive and 
1 dangerous monopoly in the coun¬ 
try has just received a judicial check. 
For a long time the Standard Oil mo¬ 
nopoly has claimed the entire use of 
all lands leased for gas and oil rights 
only, in Ohio. Under this practice 
immense tracts have been retained in 
the grasp of the giant octopus to the 
detrunent of public improvement and 
private enterprise. The Judge of the 
Court of Common Pleas of the State 
has just decided that this is all wrong 
—that the leasing of land for gas and 
oil rights does not prevent the owner 
from acting as he pleases with regard 
to the surface rights. With its cus¬ 
tomary shrewd unscrupulousness, the 
monopoly first secured the leases at 
comparatively low figures on the sup¬ 
position that the “royalty,” or sub¬ 
terranean rights alone were conveyed 
and then it put in a claim for the 
whole. Of course this decision 
doesn’t finally settle the matter; for 
the “Standard ” is sure to appeal. It 
hires its lawyers by the year, so that 
further litigation will cost it little or 
nothing; while an appeal will be an 
expensive matter to its opponents, and 
is certain to have a deterring effect 
not only on the parties to the present 
case, but also on intending litigants. 
Hoy many poor sufferers are withheld 
from asserting their just rights 
against railroads and other powerful 
corporations by the certainty that 
winning the first decision is only the 
commencement of protracted and ex¬ 
pensive litigation, which is sure to 
harass and likely to impoverish them 
before the final arbitrament of the 
case, however just their claims. 
Hence, as a rule, people are willing 
to compromise for a part of their 
rights or to forego them altogether 
rather than risk costly and intermin¬ 
able litigation with tricky and un¬ 
scrupulous corporations. ’ Moreover, 
by protracting litigation these bodies 
are for years enabled to retain their 
unjust holdings, or their opponents 
are kept out of what justly belongs to 
them. In the present case the people 
who own the land, in spite of the de¬ 
cision in their favor are hardly likely 
to invest heavily in its improvement 
until the court of final resort shall have 
passed on the matter. Combination is 
the only means of successfully com¬ 
batting such organizations, and the 
land-owners here should combine to 
defray expenses and push the case. 
OUR TRADE WITH OUR SOUTH¬ 
ERN NEIGHBORS. 
r PHE Pan-American Congress 
± very justly, attracting a gre 
(1 Cell oi attention just now an likely 
lead to closer friendly connections ai 
broader commercial relations betwet 
all the independent States on this si< 
of the Atlantic. A few figures illn 
trating the condition of our trade wii 
pur southern neighbors are tlierefo 
•in order. Reports of the Bureau 
Statistics show that in 1860 the exports 
of the United States to all the coun¬ 
tries represented amounted to $33,251, 
072. In 1888 our aggregate exports 
were valued at $695,954,507 and of this 
amount our exports to these countries 
were valued at $52,792,216—an in¬ 
crease of 52 per cent, in 28 years. In 
1860 the British exports to the same 
countries amounted to $68,271,831, 
and in 1887 they were valued at $115, 
012,635—an increase of 68 per cent, in 
27 years. Thus Great Britain’s in¬ 
crease of exports during the period 
under review was nearly as great as 
the total amount of our exports to 
those regions in 1888. 
On the other side of the account, 
statistics show that in 1860 the im¬ 
ports into the United States from 
those countries were valued at $73,- 
342,817, and in 1888 they had increased 
to $158,656,819 out of an aggregate of 
$723,957,114. In 1860 the imports of 
Great Britain from the same regions 
amounted to $68,062,797, and in 1887 
they had only increased to $68,619,217. 
From these comparative figures it 
would seem that our southern neigh¬ 
bors could afford to cultivate closer 
relations with this country which buys 
$158,000,000 worth of their products, 
than with Great Britain which buys 
only $68,000,000 worth of them. Why 
this unequal balance of trade ? Well, 
the vast increase in our imports is due 
to increased consumption of coffee, 
sugar, and other tropical commodities 
by a population that has doubled since 
1860. On the other hand, Great 
Britain, with only a little more than 
half our population, has had no such 
marvelous increase in the number of 
its inhabitants, and does not need 
nearly so much of the same class of 
goods, which are the chief exportable 
products of those countries. But why 
do not our southern friends buy more 
of our products ? Is it because they 
can get manufactured goods cheaper 
elsewhere ; and if so, is the fact due 
to the higher price of American labor, 
as claimed by the “protectionists;” or 
to the enhancement of our wares by 
the tariff, as claimed bv the “free¬ 
traders?” 
WOOL-GROWERS AND WOOL 
MANUFACTURERS. 
R epresentatives of the Nation- 
i al Association of Woolen Manu¬ 
facturers met in this city the other 
day to discuss the tariff on wool and 
woolen goods. Some weeks ago a pre¬ 
liminary meeting of the Executive 
Committee of the association convened 
for the same purpose, in Boston. It has 
been an “open secret” that the origi¬ 
nal object of both meetings was to 
take prompt measures for urging upon 
Congress the total repeal of import 
duties on coarse carpet wools, and the 
repeal or a great reduction of the 
duties on all the ! higher classes of 
the staple. The “free-trade” and 
“ tariff-for-revenue-only ” papers were 
crowded with articles on the insanity 
of a tariff on raw materials and espec¬ 
ially on wool. In nearly every case, 
representative wool manufacturers 
were quoted as authorities for the 
most startling figures and the most 
bitter denunciations against the tax 
on such foreign products. It looked 
as if the long-expected, but much-de¬ 
ferred battle between those doubtful 
allies, the wool-growers and wool- 
manufacturers, was about to begin 
The National Wool Growers’ As¬ 
sociation had uttered no doubtful 
note of warning—it had emphati¬ 
cally declared in favor of a gen¬ 
uine “protective tariff” on wool 
as the only means of saving from 
nun a highly important agricultural 
industry of the country, and it had 
clearly intimated that if tariff protec¬ 
tion should be removed from the farm¬ 
er’s wool in favor of the manufactur¬ 
er’s pocket, it would be expedient to 
remove tariff protection from the 
manufacturer’s woolens in favor of 
the farmer and the rest of the people. 
Hie manufacturers appear to have 
paid good heed to this warning. In 
the resolutions they passed, no de¬ 
mand was made for lower duties on 
wool as a raw material, the fixing of 
the duties on it being left wholly to 
Congress. The resolutions, however, 
complain that in its revision of the 
tariff in 1883, Congress reduced the 
duties on manufactured woolen goods 
so far beyond the reduction it made 
on the duties on wool, as to destroy 
the compensatory character of the 
former, and they demand of Congress 
a revision of the tariff, in which there 
shall be placed on manufactured wool¬ 
en products a duty fully sufficient to 
compensate for whatever rates of duty 
public policy may require to be placed 
on the raw material. It is very evi¬ 
dent that so far the wool-growers have 
had the upper hand, and it will be 
their own fault if they lose the advan¬ 
tage. 
CLOVER SEED. 
T HE statistics regarding this crop 
show some curious features. The 
value of the crop has slowly grown 
from year to year until it is now en¬ 
titled to a place among the cereals. 
Here is a record of the crop for the 
past 30 years. For the sake of com- 
parison we give also the production 
of ‘ ‘ all other grass seeds ” for the same 
years. The figures represent the 
number of bushels: 
CLOVER SEEDS. OTHER GRASS SEEDS. 
1850.. .. 468,978 416,831 
1860.. .. 956.188 900,040 
1870.. .. 639,657 583,188 
1880.. .. 1,922,982 1,317,701 
The estimate for the present year is 
over 2,500,000 bushels. 
A curious fact is brought out from 
a study of the crop production by 
States. In 1850 the States of Virginia, 
Pennsylvania, Ohio, New York and 
New Jersey produced 80 percent, of 
the entire crop, with Pennsylvania 
far in the lead. In 1860 Michigan. 
Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York and 
Indiana produced 80 per cent, with 
Pennsylvania but a few thousand 
bushels ahead of Ohio. In 1870 the 
same States produced 85 per cent., 
Pennsylvania still ahead. In 1880 the 
States of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, 
New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and 
Wisconsin produced nearly 90 per 
cent, of the crop, with Ohio in the 
lead, closely followed by Michigan. 
At the present time Michigan leads 
and the crop is becoming more and 
more popular in that State. Clover 
seed seems to follow wheat—towards 
the north and west. The southern 
counties of Michigan are giving place 
in the production of this staple to the 
more northern counties where farms 
have been cleared out of the pine 
forests. In fact, it is believed by 
many that clover seed will prove one 
of the most profitable crops for these 
“stump farms,” where “wheat, clo¬ 
ver, sheep and wool ” are to bring the 
cash. Several of our correspondents 
refer to the work of the clover midge. 
The damage done by this insect is al¬ 
most beyond the belief of those who 
have never lived in clover-seed-growing 
districts. Many barns in New York 
and Pennsylvania contain absolutely 
useless tools for preparing the seed. 
About the only remedy that seems to 
give any satisfaction is that mentioned 
by our correspondent J. W. on page 
693. As explained in the Rural’s 
Hay Special, this remedy consists in 
running the mower through the field 
about the middle of May, leaving the 
product on the ground as a mulch. 
A vigorous crop of blossoms will de¬ 
velop after this. This comes between 
two broods of the midge and thus es¬ 
capes attack. 
BREVITIES. 
Chrysanthemums and late-blooming 
gladioli should cheer the garden now. 
Let’s all move to that Canadian country 
(see page 697) where there are no potato 
beetles! 
Mil Falconer has discovered a new use 
for dwarf Limas. Read his article on page 
690. Mr. Falconer writes from actual ex¬ 
perience and always with caution and ac¬ 
curacy. 
We shall be interested to know how the 
Canada thistles come out of that Canadian 
silo described on page 697. He says he can 
make cheaper silage with this than with 
corn. “There may be a great future for 
the much-abused thistle.” 
Profitable use has just been discovered 
for another waste Southern product—an ex¬ 
cellent quality of fine or coarse paper can 
be made from rice straw hitherto con¬ 
sidered worthless; 4,000 tons of it have been 
shipped from Savannah to New York as 
paper stock. Whatever planters may get 
for it will be clear profit. Doubtless paper- 
mills will soon be established in the neigh¬ 
borhood of rice plantations. 
Mr. J. W. Kerr, of Caroline County, 
Md sends us four Japan chestnuts, the 
product ol two burrs, which average five 
inches in their larger and four inches in 
their smaller circumference. In quality 
they are coarser in flesh and not so sweet 
as are our American chestnuts, but better 
than the average Janan seedlings. The 
nuts are much larger than those of the 
Paragon, but. the quality is inferior. Mr. 
Kerr says: “How young the Japan seed¬ 
lings do go to their work 1 ” 
