1889 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
775 
the church, paying a tax on every calf that 
is born, and paying a rent of $35 per acre, 
and taxes almost as much more. What a 
godsend America is with its cheap land, its 
low taxes, its church separate from State, 
to such a farmer. Mr. Burpitt truly says 
that if the English farmers knew what a 
future there was in Georgia for them— 
what happiness and independence—the 
ships of the ocean could not bring them 
fast enough. Can’t we learn something 
from the frugal and saving and industrious 
habits of this Englishman? Does he not 
tell us of many things that we need to 
learn. What is wasted on a Georgia farm, 
if saved, would make the farmer rich.” 
Leaves for Teachers.— In a late lec¬ 
ture, at the Royal Institution, Sir John 
Lubbock, the eminent naturalist and states¬ 
man, gave an account of the adaptation of 
the forms and surfaces of leaves, with dia¬ 
gram illustrations showing that the “won¬ 
ders of the leaf” are by no means confined 
to the fittings of their internal structure. 
He showed reasons, founded on the nature 
and habit of the tree or plant, for all the 
various shapes, sizes, manner of position 
on the stems, and spacings of leaves and 
blades. For example, a stout stem carries 
a large leaf. If the distances from leaf to 
leaf (from bud to bud) are constitutionally 
great the leaf will be broad. If stems of an 
equally stout habit Pear closer buds, the 
leaves are compelled to grow to a greater 
length in order to attain a proportional 
area of surface. Leaves that expose both 
sides to light and heat have stomata on 
both sides—(the mouths which gape open 
in damp weather to give off redundant 
water, as a fowl or dog gapes in summer to 
give off excessive heat). The Black Poplar 
and the Compass Plant are examples of this. 
In very hot, dry climates leaves become 
smaller and fleshier, and stomata fewer; 
often the leaf stem flattens out in Austra¬ 
lian plants and the leaf proper shrinks as 
in asparagus which belongs to the large- 
stomated lily tribe. In evergreens, some of 
which retain a leaf three to six or more 
years, the leaves are small, tough, leathery, 
often spiny and glossy, shedding rain or 
snow readily, and are protected by a pun¬ 
gent taste. 
Leaves furnish abundant matter for a 
wdiole summer of daily object-lessons of 
never-ending iuterest, and every teacher 
should be prepared to lead his young 
charges into these pages of endless interest 
from the book of Nature, from Arbor 
Day on. 
THE RURAL’S LUNCH. 
That first-rate farmer G. W. Hoffman, 
ex-president of the Elmira Farmers’ Club, 
says in the Husbandman that he has been 
slow in adopting the use of ensilage. But 
others are outstripping him and he believes 
that every farmer who carries on success¬ 
fully the milk or dairy business, will even¬ 
tually adopt the use of silage as the leading 
food for his cattle. 
A CORRESPONDENT of the Michigan Farm¬ 
er guards its readers against a “ Toledo 
nursery,” name not given. The agents are 
selling the Lucretia Dewberry for from $10 
to $40 per hundred and other fruits in pro¬ 
portion ... 
A. L. Crosby under the caption, “A Cow 
—Hen Item,” in Hoard’s Dairyman, says 
that butter, cheese, and eggs are three 
manufactured products that when well 
made and in sufficient quantity per animal 
—COW or hen—will pay a good profit. The 
egg is just as much a manufactured article 
as butter or cheese, only in egg-making we 
use the hen as the mill and put the raw 
material in it to be made into eggs. Among 
these raw materials skimmed milk is one 
of the most valuable, and it is to this by¬ 
product of the butter dairy that he wants 
to call attention. There has never been 
such a good supply of eggs on his farm 
since he has known it as during the year 
about to close (his hen year ends November 
1), and he attributes m ich of his success to 
the fact that the hens have had nothing to 
drink but skimmed milk. The hens are 
not allowed free range of course; free 
range means the loss- of many eggs, the 
hatching of chickens at the wrong time, the 
free distribution of fertilizer on farm im¬ 
plements and family carriages, seratched- 
up gardens and the complaint of the cuss¬ 
edness of hens in general, and our own in 
particular. 
The American Florist mentions anew 
tree label sent to it by Johnson & Stokes 
of Philadelphia, Pa. It is so thin that by 
writing on it with only slight pressure a 
name can be impressed on it and the same 
cannot be eradicated except by hammering. 
As copper is very durable and the price 
placed upon the labels is reasonable we be- 
believe they will be very useful, especially 
on plants in the open field in summer. 
The R. N.-Y. proposes.to try these labels and 
report results to its readers. Our trouble 
with zinc labels is that the zinc oxydizes 
and the fine whitish powder effaces or de¬ 
stroys the lead-pencil writing. Some sam¬ 
ples of zinc are affected in this way, others 
not. The R. N.-Y. would much like to 
know how to tell the one kind from the 
other... 
The common and much advertised 
“Moonflower” plant sold by florists and 
Ipomoea bona-nox grown from seed (dark 
in color) are indistinguishable. So says 
Wm. Falconer, in the American Florist, 
and so said the R. N.-Y. when the trumpet 
of the “ Moonflower ” was first blown. 
Ipomoea grandiflora, on the other hand, 
continues Mr. Falconer, from the New York 
seed houses and Ipomoea Childsii, and the 
White-seeded Moonflower raised from seed 
gathered for him in the wilds of Southern 
Florida are one and the same. They are 
more luxuriant in growth than is Bona- 
nox and their blossoms are one-fourth 
larger. The R. N.-Y. last year raised this 
Ipomoea from little plants sent to it by A. 
W. Smith of Americus, Ga. 
Pres. Chamberlain of the Iowa Agri¬ 
cultural college, says, in the Albany Cul¬ 
tivator, that the Duchess of Oldenburgh, a 
splendid fall apple, is quite hardy at Ames, 
Iowa, fruits while the trees are small, and 
bears most prolifically. This is the only 
well-known apple that is now considered 
hardy there. The college experiment or¬ 
chard most of it planted eight years ago, 
has a large number of new and most promis¬ 
ing fall and winter Russian varieties. The 
yield this year was immense; several hun¬ 
dred bushels. It was the first fruiting of 
some of the kinds, and the test of “ quality 
and keep ” through the winter will be 
watched with great interest. 
Mr. Harrison, of the Storrs & Harrison 
Co., pronounces the following the cream of 
the winter-flowering roses: Bon Silene, 
Catherine Mermet, Duchesse de Brabant, 
Isabella Sprunt, La France, Meteor, Ni- 
phetos. Papa Gontier, Queen’s Scarlet, Perle 
des Jardins, Safrano, Souvenir d’un Ami, 
Sunset and Bride. 
The Glorious “Sunset” Plant.—A n 
illustration of this from nature appeared 
in the R. N.-Y. of August 3 last. William 
Falconer says, in the American Florist, 
that it is too glorious at 50 cents a plant 
when it can be gotten up so easily from 
seed, and seed is retailed in New York for 
five cents a packet. He has grown some of 
the Western sphteralceas for a dozen years 
and now has scores of plants of this glori¬ 
ous novelty. They are very hardy and 
long-lived and last in bloom almost all sum¬ 
mer, but there is nothing striking about 
the plant or blossoms ; the flowers are small 
and of a poor color: among cut flowers of 
no value whatever, and precious little 
the complainants in Scotland, Ireland and 
Yorkshire have asked for the total or par¬ 
tial cessation of slaughter as a means of 
extirpating the disease.” 
-Journal of Commerce: “We once 
heard from the lips of an extreme partisan, 
that he would vote for an imp of darkness 
(and he described him in a single word) who 
was the nominee of his party in preference 
to an angel of light put up by the other 
side.” 
- Boston Courier : “ It has been observed 
that the man with the fewest failings is 
the man most tolerant of those of his 
neighbors.” 
-Journal of Commerce : “ Self-denial 
is not only the law of greatness and of 
goodness, but also of all material success. 
The great bane of the poor, by which we 
mean those who live from hand to mouth, 
is their want of a resolute self-denial in the 
use of their daily or weekly earnings. And 
this runs all the way up to the man of 
business, who wastes his thousands a year 
through self-indulgence on the part of 
himself or his household, and finally goes 
down in credit and pocket for want of the 
capital which might have been gathered in 
the exercise of a proper self-restraint.” 
-Robert Ingersoll : “ A wonderful 
thing is clover. It means honey and 
cream; that is to say, industry and con¬ 
tentment ; that is to say the happy bees in 
perfumed fields, and at the cottage gate. 
Old Bos, the bountiful, chewing satisfac¬ 
tion’s cud in that blessed twilight pause, 
that like a benediction falls between all 
toil and sleep. The clover makes me dream 
of happy hours—of childhood’s rosy cheeks, 
of dimpled babies, of wholesome, loving 
wives, of honest men, of springs and brooks 
and violets, and all there is of painless joy 
in peaceful human life. A wonderful word 
is clover. Drop the “c” and you have the 
happiest of mankind. Take away the “c” 
and “r” and you have the only thing that 
makes a heaven of this dull and barren 
earth.” 
-Puck : “ A bird in the hand is worth 
two in the bonnet; but it does not cost as 
much.” 
-CommericAL BULLETIN : “ Ovacoats— 
Egg shells.” 
-Ex-Secretary of Agriculture, Nor¬ 
man J. COLMAN : “ This whole system of 
speculation in futures is wrong. It has 
been the cause of the loss to wheat growers 
of hundreds of millions of dollars. It un¬ 
settles prices. It creates fictitious values. 
Millions of bushels of promises can be sold, 
and not one grain of wheat be delivered. 
It is not selling wheat but selling wind— 
or selling nothing. But, by just such gam¬ 
bling transactions, having no relation 
to demand and supply, the market can be 
put down or up to suit the speculators, 
and, in nearly all such transactions, the 
farmers are left.” 
-“People don’t stop to consider the 
farmer is a laborer. No one labors harder. 
He has no eight hours or even 10 hours’ law 
a fair prospect of raising the necessary 
sum in time. We shall not be here, how¬ 
ever, on that magnificent occasion, unless 
the elixir of life turns out to be more effec¬ 
tive than it hitherto has been, and there¬ 
fore leave to our descendants the responsi¬ 
bility of that occasion. 
As for the exhibition of 1892, we must 
either claim it at once or surrender our 
rights to that young giant of the West, 
Chicago, who has pulled out his wallet, 
plethoric with big bills, and planked it 
down in guarantee of good faith. New 
Yorkers don’t run much to monuments and 
expositions and such things, and every 
acre of the Park is so precious that we shall 
probably end by breaking every man on 
the wheel who votes to tear up one of its 
grass blades or scrape the moss from one of 
its rocks. Chicago has no reverence for nat¬ 
ural beauties, and is enterprising enough 
to carry the project through if it takes 
every park she owns. After all, New York 
is the best monument of the Republic, and 
it is itself an exposition of all that is noblest 
and grandest in modem civilization. Per¬ 
haps it is the proud consciousness of these 
facts causes us to delay. Let Chicago take 
the hint and go ahead.” 
_Life: “With Chicago the Fair is a 
matter of vital importance. That enter¬ 
prising city has prairie lands for sale and 
a speculative arena that needs new victims. 
It needs to make money out of the wayfarer 
and sojourner to pay the interest on the 
mortgages with which it is plastered. 
Chicago’s existence has from the first been 
a boom, and the boom must not be permitted 
to collapse. Its citizens, including even the 
women and children, can well afford to go 
crazy on the subject and devote to it as 
much money, bluff, time and talk as they 
have in their respective possessions. Chi¬ 
cago must have the fair at any price. 
New York may stop to consider its cost. 
With Chicago it is a necessity. With New 
York it would be a luxury.” 
among border plants. to protect him. From the earliest dawn to 
The Western Rural in answer to a cor¬ 
respondent who inquired if Montana was 
a good place for a young lawyer, says: “We 
cannot answer that question. The law is 
out of our line, and we do not know where 
the best place for lawyers is in this world.” 
Our contemporary evidently doesn’t wish 
to help boom Montana. continue to be taxed by a protected 
_ until they become paupers ?” 
the darkest twilight he is toiling with the 
endeavor to make a living for his family. 
No matter how intense the heat or how 
severe the cold, he must keep up the strug¬ 
gle. Sick or well the work must go on. 
Half our population nearly are farmers. 
Has this great class no rights ? Shall they 
a protected class 
ABSTRACTS. 
-Editor of the Iowa Homestead : 
“Horticulture is a sentiment in Iowa— 
corn, grass and live stock give us our daily 
bread.” 
-Popular Science Monthly: “The 
farmer pays for a paper, as likely as not, 
which tells him, and has been telling him 
for a generation or more, that the beneficent 
system which prevents him from buying 
4,500 articles as cheaply as he might, and 
compels him to sell his own products, 
minute in number, at the lowest price 
which ingenious legal artifice can dictate, 
is a measure for his particular benefit.” 
-London Agricultural Gazette: 
“ There are signs that the country will not 
much longer submit to the meddling and 
muddling policy of the Government in re¬ 
lation to pleuro-pneumonia. In Scotland* 
in Ireland, and in Yorkshire the cry of dis¬ 
satisfaction has become vociferous. Rate¬ 
payers and stock-owners alike are disgusted 
with a policy which costs enormous sums 
yearly to carry out, and which has utterly 
failed to rid the country of a preventable 
disease, or even to diminish its ravages to a 
commensurate extent. * * * Many of 
1M.$reUaneou.$ Advertising, 
Dyspepsia’s Victims are numbered by thou*- 
an is. Do not continue in misery, butglve Hood's Sai t 
saparlllx atrial. The many remark able cures it has et* 
feeted warrant us in urging It upon your attention if 
you suffer from indigestion, slck-headaehe, biliousness 
or other stomach disorders. Be sure to get Hood’s. 
CONDITION POWDER 
Highly concentrated. Dose small. In quantity costs 
less than one-tenth cent a day per hen. Prevents and 
cures all diseases. If you can’t get it, we send by mail 
post-paid. One pack. 25c. Five $L 2 1-4 lb. can $1.20; 
8 cans $5. Express paid. Testimonials free. Send stamps or 
cash. Farmers’ Poultry Guide (price 25c.) free with $1.00 
orders or more. L 5. JOHNSON & CO., Boston, Mass, 
-“ The farmers are ignored. The inter¬ 
ests of the real creators of wealth are lost 
sight of, that manufacturers may amass 
great fortunes. They are taxed by these 
classes on everything they buy ; not to go 
into the coffers of the United States Treas¬ 
ury, but to go into their own plethoric 
pockets. Their princely residences, their 
liveried servants, their costly turn-outs in 
every manufacturing town, testify to the 
wealth they are making, and the farmer is 
toiling early and late and by the sweat of 
his brow, supporting them in this style of 
living.” 
-N. Y. Herald : “ In comparison with 
the fashion in which that World’s Fair 
fund is rolling up the speed of a snail is so 
rapid that it positively takes our breath 
away. There is a curious impression 
abroad, of which the public mind ought to 
be disabused at once. This fund, fellow 
citizens, is for the Columbus exposition of 
1892; that is to say, for the four-hundredth 
anniversary of the discovery of America, 
not for an exposition five hundred years 
from now, or for the one-thousaudth anni¬ 
versary of that great historic event. If we 
were preparing for a celebration in the year 
2,392, we might congratulate ourselves 
upon having made a very good start, with 
DICK’S FEED GUTTER 
For Hay. Straw and Enstl 
age. The only machine 
that cuts and splits com 
stalks. We also sell the 
Triumph Steam Gkskrat 
or, and Ghikfisg’s Corn 
Shkllkr asd Separator. 
Write us at once H. B 
Grilling. Sons Co.. 
70 Cortlandt St.. 
IN'ew York City. W. Y. 
BOON to DAIRYMEN 
Perfect Swinging Cow 
Stanchion. Self-lock 
ing by entrance ot 
cow’s head. Free de 
liverv at principal 
Send for cir 
Mention this 
Scott & Locke, 
Orford, S. H. 
points. 
cular. 
paper. 
