THE RURAL NEW‘VORKER. 
soils. We might mention a marked feature 
hi any «»o of the rest.. Bill more can he said 
in praise of the Hemlock than of any of the 
others, and when we come to tell its defects wc 
ate. at fault. For this climate and situation it 
lias no defects. 
the Norway Spruce and its many varieties are 
cumbrous and stiff. The Austrian and Scotch 
I’mes are stiff and coarse. The Balsam Firs 
y-row haunt as they grow old. The Arbor-vines 
are formal and. in winter, brown. They appear 
as if elegance andgraeehad been taken away so 
as to enable them to endure the frosts and 
winds and storms of winter. Not so the Hem¬ 
lock, with its slender, pliant stems, and dense 
though airy foliage that bends to the wind like 
tiie branches of a Willow. It will be conceded 
Unit evergreens, takeu as a class, are more val¬ 
uable as winter than as summer trees. If 
our grounds in summer were tilled with ever¬ 
greens aloue, the absence of deciduous trees 
would be seriously felt. Different as the kinds 
arc one from another, it is impossible so to ar¬ 
range them as to overcome the cold, rigid ap¬ 
pearance of the class. If our grounds in sum¬ 
mer were filled with deciduous trees only, the 
absence of evergreens would not be felt at all. 
But, besides beiug one of the best of evergreens 
to brighten the winter landscape, we should 
also select the Hemlock as adding a distinct 
beauty to the summer landscape as well. 
I lint the Hemlock is not often seen about the 
farm bouse is due probably to the difficulty of 
transplanting it, or rather of having it live 
alter it is transplanted. With regard to those 
taken from the woods, we have found that tins 
difficulty is measurably lessened by treating 
them upon the same principle as. under the 
same circumstances, we would treat deciduous 
trees, viz: severely cutting them back. Not 
only is this (rue of the Hemlock, hut of the 
Bed Cedar (Jimipcnis Virginianu) and Norway 
Spruce. Thus far we can speak from expe- 
i ictice, and what is true of the above genera is 
ago pco- 
emem Northern Vermont by ouc who, from 
a still longer experience in Southern Maine, 
supposed lie knew what, were hardy Apple*, 
but who found, when he emoved to Vermont! 
Ihat he knew very little on Die subject. The 
Rosticzcr, but not hopefully. Fiftoeu years 
ago it was Ixdieved that no Apples, except the 
Siberian (1 rabs, would endure the severity of 
the winters of northeastern Vermont, but now' 
a selection is. being slowly made of sorts, 
Reinette. Munson Sweet, Danvers’s Wi uter 
Sw-cet. .Jewett's Fine Red. Miukler (yf Illinois), 
McLellan (of Conn), Grime's Holden, Granite 
Beauty (of N. If), Bottle Greening, Northern 
Bl>y, Cooper's Market, Biaek Oxford, Morgan 
Sweet. Rock wood, Kamsdell's Sweet. Winter 
White, (the last five of Maine; 
it w ill be noticed that the better keeper the 
It nit of an Apple is, thcless likely it is to prove 
hardy in a severe climate. In fact, while 
a good many of the summer and early fall 
Apples of more temperate regions do fairly well 
m the cold belt, it may be said that not one of 
the standard winter Apples is hardy there. 
I hose that most nearly approach hardiness are 
Blue. Pearmaiu, Westfield Seek-uo-Further. 
Tahnan’fi Sweet and Yellow Bellflower, in the 
order named. But not one of these is so hardy 
as to justify an or<-hardist in setting any num¬ 
ber of them in his orchard with a view to pro- 
AI CUES FOUND HARDY ENOUGH TS VERMONT, 
After testing, at a considerable expense, be¬ 
tween 80 and 40 of the hardiest know 
it certainly was a 
one to think of r 
gleams of comfort 
u sorts, 
discouraging prospect for 
raising an orchard. But a few 
- - wdre discovered in the fact 
that affine Canadian and Russian Apples proved 
to possess hardiness adequate, to the necessi¬ 
ties of the ease. Further experimentation gave 
some hardy varieties from the West and 
an active hunt fur native seedlings revealed at 
least two hardy winter Apples possessing the re¬ 
quisite other qualities for use and profit. 
I will now give a list, covering all seasons 
from August round to July, of Apples of good 
quality, health and productive habit, that 
are quite hardy in my locality, near the village 
of Newport, Vt. at the head of Lake Mem- 
phremagog, six miles south of the parallel of 
45 degrees, which constitutes the boundary 
between Vermont and Canada. The names 
succeed each other in the order of maturity, 
the earliest being named first. 
St mmerAeples. —\ellow Transparent, Grand 
Sultan, St. Peter's, Tetotsky, Summer Harvey. 
1* all Apple?.— DuchesB of Oldenburg, Peach 
of Montreal, Pringle’s Sweet, Prolific Sweet, 
Aroostook Harvest, Empsror Alexander 
Plumb's Cider. 
Winteh A pplks. -Wealthy, Northfield Beauty, 
Tracy Apple, Header's Winter, Magog R^d 
Streak, Scott’s Winter, Case’s Winter Sweet. 
In another article I will give a short de¬ 
scription of «ach of these Apples; and in a 
third, complete these notes by some remarks 
upon other varieties not strictly hardy, but 
possessing merits which, with moderate hardi- 
uess, entitle them to trial as top-grafted trees, 
or iu sheltered places, even in the “eoW belt.” 
To this I will add brief minutes regarding new 
sorts believed to be hardy and meritorions, but 
Baldwin Apple, and the Burtlett Pear are con¬ 
sidered tender in the Kenuebec Valley. In the 
valley Of Lake Memphremagog one might as 
well attempt to grow Oranges aa either; while 
the Fameuse, Red Astraohan, Talman's Sweet. 
Blue Pearmainj St Lawrence, Sops of Wine and 
Westfield Seek-no-Fnrther Apples rank there 
mostly new, that give every promise 
siderable actual performance, in tin 
success. 
HARDY APPLES FOUND TOO TENDERIN’! 
First let me clear the ground by 
list of varieties that have been test 
pie thought that evergreens mu 
back at all. We. ourselves, once 
a Norway Spruce or Balsam was 
its leader wore destroyed. Now 
no Other way of preserving their beauty to old 
age than by cutting back the leaders while they 
are young,until the lower parts are so develop- 
ed as to insure a bountiful supply of sap which, 
otherwise, in a few years, would tend to nour¬ 
ish tiie upper portions alone. 
We spoke of experience. Five years ago, im¬ 
mediately after transplantation.we cut back six 
Arbor-viues live feet high to one foot in bight. 
All lived. A Norway Spruce and a Hemlock 
i were cut back to three feet, 
ago, we purchased 
.rom a nursery 
They were 
Most of them 
about six feet high 
Botli lived. Four years 
about forty young Hemlocks fr 
the soil of which was very sandy 
about eighteen incites high 
died. But of the survivors several had been 
cut. back as soon as they showed signs of weak¬ 
ness. Plug fall we pulled up two young Bed 
C edars in the woods, wrapped paper about 
them, planted them iu pots and cut off Half of 
their branches and foliage, placed them iu the 
cellar for three days and then in the conserv¬ 
atory where they are doing well. 
It m true there is no positive proof about all 
this. But tiie belief Is stroug upon the writer 
from such evidence and a good deal more of the 
same kind with which the reader need not be 
wearied, that all evergreens should be cut l.aek 
when transplanted, more or less according to 
tiie injury which the roots sustain, the same as 
deciduous trees are cut back, though perhaps 
n°t to tiie same ex tout. The Imdsfrom thestems 
of deciduous trees push far more readily than 
those of evergreens and the vital processes of 
life are not so long suspended. Whence it fol¬ 
lows tiiut a portion of the old leaves must be 
left upon evergreens to perform the work 
which in deciduous trees might be performed by 
the now growth. Now, young Hemlocks, .if 
taken from the woods without great care to 
preserve all the fibers by a “* ball ” of earth 
or otherwise, will die. no matter how carefully 
they may be transplanted. The question* we 
raise are; (1) would the mortality he as great 
if they were cut back? Wc have tried it in 
the case of the Red Cedar which wc bail sup¬ 
posed as difficult hi transplant as the ii ei »aot*k. 
'■1. Are not evergreens as a class benefited by 
being cut back in proportion (the proportion 
to be peculiar to them) to the injury sustained 
by the roots ? 
PROFITABLE CORN AND WHEAT RAISING 
as too tender for any but the most favorable 
localities, though set down as perfectly hardy 
in all the books. As for Pears, it is not known 
that, as yet, a Pear has ever ripened on the 
shore of Lake Memphremagog. Experiments 
are being made with tiie hardier kiuds, Flem¬ 
ish Beauty, Clapp’s Favorite, St. Ghislain and 
D - — u AIM. kUV 
Rural of December 7—a few items of Interest 
in reference to the successful cultivation of 
these two cereals. 
Fur some years I have been cultivating com 
and wheat with a view, all rhe while, of making 
the most and best seed from a giveu extent of 
land, at the least cost, in the shortest possible 
time and with the least permanent injury to 
the soli. Discarding all old-fogy ideas. I per¬ 
sistently pursued their culture on almost purely 
scientific principles. In the first place, the nat¬ 
ural laws that govern vegetation were com¬ 
plied vv ith, the habits of the plants, their de¬ 
mands and wants were carefully attended to. 
NOTES IN A NORTHERN ORCHARD-1 
T. H. HOSKINS. M. I). 
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