FEB. 4 
English variety that is said to have produced 
enormous crops. It hag been grown, Mr. 
Allen says, by leading stock growers who in¬ 
form him that its excellent qualities are fully 
maintained here. 
P. K. Dederick & Co., of Albany, makers 
of the Perpetual Hay-press, send us a very in¬ 
teresting pamphlet containing the complete his¬ 
tory of their patents, with fac-similes of the 
(patents and specifications themselves. The 
ibook is free to anyone caring to scud for it, 
,und it will he found well worth perusal. 
G. L. Anthony, Greensboro N. C. Descrip¬ 
tive catalogue of fruit and ornamental trees, 
grape-vines, small fruits &c. 
L. W. Goodell, Amherst, Mass. An illus¬ 
trated catalogue of flower and vegetable seeds. 
Free to applicants. 
Gardening Guide. Wm. H. Spooner, Bos¬ 
ton, Mass. 
-- 
WHAT OTHRS SAY. 
A Remedy for the Phylloxera.—L a Ga¬ 
zette des Campagnes 6ays that an efficient means 
«of destroying the Phylloxera has been discov¬ 
ered and has obtained a marvelous success. 
Apply lime-milk to the branches aud heads of 
■the vine during the winter, and by means of 
ftbis process the egg, which is the real germ of 
this insect, will be destroyed. 
At the State Farm (Monson, Mass.), the 
cows are milked precisely at 5 a. m. and 5 p. m., 
and each cow's milk is weighed and the weight 
recorded. The record shows that 55 cows gave, 
in one week in June, tons of milk, and in 
one week in December 2j tous of milk. The 
whole amount of milk produced during last 
year was a little over 120 tous. Seven cows 
have given an average of about 20 quarts of 
milk each per day. 
The winter feed for the milch cows is dry 
bay before milking at 5 a. M., and about 8 a. m. 
a bushel basket of cut bay and corn stalks wet 
with warm water in wiuter, and mixed with 2J 
•quarts of wheat brau for each cow. At noon 
‘they are fed with a peck of turnips or man¬ 
golds for each cow, aud at night the same feed 
as fcfec morning, thus making five meals per 
•day from 5 a. m. to 7 r. m., at regular intervals. 
A Domesticated Quail.— We are not ac¬ 
customed to associate the quail with domestic 
pets, and yet, according to the London Gazette, 
there is one of these timorous and by no means 
common birds running about the kitchen at¬ 
tached to Mr. Wildsmith’s cottage at Heckfield, 
as unconcerned as though it were a tame star¬ 
ling or jackdaw. It was reared by a bantam 
hen, and is uow four months old, and is almost 
full-grown. It perches upon the back of the 
dog, and creeps into the shelter of bis body 
when lying down. It is also on good terms 
with the cat, and fears no stranger, but makes 
itself quite ai home with every one. This un¬ 
usual associate of the domestic fireside evi¬ 
dences what may be done by care aud kind- 
mess, whilst the pleasure taken in its society by 
Jthe dog and cat shows that even these game- 
loving animals are not always so black as they 
are sometimes painted. 
The Enormous Crops of 1878.—The Decem¬ 
ber Report of the Department of Agriculture 
just published at Washington, gives the latest 
estimates of the past year's crops throughout 
the country corrected down to thy first of the 
month. The following summary of it will show 
how closely it approximates to the figures on 
the subject we placed before our readers dur¬ 
ing the fall. According to the Report, the corn 
crop for 1878 is some 80,000,000 bushels larger 
than that of 1877. The oat erop is somewhat 
in excess of that of 1877. making it the largest 
ever raised in this country. The average yield 
per acre is, however, less than iu 1877, aud the 
quality in most of the States is inferior. There 
is no material change iu the barley erop from 
1877, except that California increased her acre¬ 
age from 450,000 to 050,000 acres, and almost 
doubled her yield per acre. The total product 
for the year will be in round numbers 42,000,- 
■000 bushels against 34,500.000 bushels in 1877. 
The rye crop is about onc-sixtli larger than iu 
1877, but the quality of the crop Is iuferior in 
the New England (except Connecticut) and 
Southern States, while iu the States of the 
West, Northwest and Pacific slope it is supe¬ 
rior, except in Illinois and Nebraska. The po¬ 
tato crop shows a large decline as compared 
with 1877, though the average area was about 
the 6ame, the difference being less than one per 
cent. The average yield of the whole country 
will be 60 bushels per acre agaiust 94 bushels 
in 1877, making a total product in round num¬ 
bers of 124,000,000 bushels for 1878, against 
170,000,000 in 1877. The hay crop is 20 per 
cent, greater than lust year. Sorghum is re¬ 
ceiving increased attention, especially in the 
trans-Mississippi States and Territories. In 
Stearns County, Minn., the variety called xVmber 
Cane is reported as yielding as high as 800 gal¬ 
lons of syrup per acre. Delaware County, 
Iowa, manufactured 100,000 gallons of syrup 
during the year, and found a home demand for 
the whole. The tobacco crop is larger aud ex¬ 
ceptionally good. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
The Wheat Supply of the World, —The 
following calculation has been made by a trust¬ 
worthy French journal, the Bulletin des Halles, 
as to the wheat crops of the principal countries 
in and out of Europe: 
Country. 
Average. 
crop. 
1 Estimated 
crops in 
1*78. 
Europe. 
France. 
Russia. 
Germany. 
Spain. 
Italy. 
A uama-l I uugar.v. 
Bushels. 
281,335,000 
220,000,000 
121,000,000 
110,000,000 
107,250,000 
101,700,000 
Bushels. 
226,876,000 
211,500,0(31 
123,750,000 
110,000,000 
lift,500,000 
110,000,000 
Croat Britain. 
Turkey iu Europe. 
Romnatna. 
Belgium. 
Portugal. . 
101,700,000 
41.200,000 
33,000,000 
23,375.000 
8.250.000 
101,750,000 
38,500,000 
37,950,000 
23,376,000 
8,260,1100 
Clrccoc... 
Scrvla. 
Denmark ,....... 
4,960,000 
4,125,000 
2,750,000 
3.337.500 
2.337.500 
270,000 
540,000 
4,812,500 
3,830,000 
2,750.000 
2,337,000 
1,870,000 
270,000 
540,000 
Sweden. 
Switzerland. 
Norway. 
Out of Europe. 
The United States. 
Algeria. 
Canada. 
Australia. 
jiSfiscellaneouH. 
1,171,760,1100 
1,115,880.000 
302,500,000 
24.700.0tK) 
16,500,000 
16,500,000 
16,500,000 
8.250,000 
330,000,000 
21,625,000 
16,500,000 
16,500,000 
11,000,000 
8,250,000 
384,950,000 
403,875,000 
General totals. 
1,566,710,000 
1,519,756,000 
The first column iu the following table, taken 
from the same source, shows the countries 
which do not grow enough wheat for domestic 
consumption aud the amount required to make 
up the deficieucy; while the second column 
tells the sources from which this is drawn and 
the quantity which can be supplied by each : 
Country. 
Estimated 
imports. 
Estimated 
exports. 
Europe. 
Bushels. 
Bushels. 
France. 
65,000,000 
Russia. 
44,000,000 
Germany. 
Spain. 
► r. . 
Italy. 
Austria-H unwary. 
8,280,000 
17,875,000 
Great Britain. 
96,250,000 
Turkey in Europe. 
Roumunia. 
5,500,000 
Belgium. 
2,760,000 
Portugal. 
1,375,000 
• • k » 
Greece.. 
Kervln. 
.... 
Iiemnark. 
1,375,000 
Sweden. 
550,000 
Switzerland.. 
8,250,(K)0 
Norway. 
Mi8cei!aueouB. 
1,110,000 
Out of Europe. 
173,535,000 
68,750,000 
The United States. 
110,000,000 
Algeria. ... 
1,375,000 
Canada... 
2,450,000 
Australia. 
2,750,000 
A^Boelianeous. 
1,375,000 
115,600,000 
General totals. 
174,910,000 
184,250,000 
According to these returns. England and 
France, the only countries which import wheat 
upon a large Beale, grew last year about 150,- 
000,000 bushels less than they will require for 
their consumption ; aud it will be seen that 
Russia aud the United States are In a position 
to export about 154,000,000 bushels, or about 
the quantity whieh the two former countries 
want. According to our most reliable esti¬ 
mates, however, the wheat crop of this coun¬ 
try is here considerably underestimated. 
Hrrtisira. 
CARE OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 
The present cold weather calls upon the own¬ 
ers of domestic animals to give them extra at¬ 
tention. To begin with, there should be no 
"cracks in the barn." A man of order and in¬ 
genuity will find a remedy for such defects. 
In extremely cold weather the animals should 
be eared lor earlier in the morning than usual. 
Curry aud brush the horses a little longer, and 
don’t fail to card the cow r s. Cattle ought to 
have access to the sunshine, which they natu¬ 
rally seek if they have the chance. Horses do 
better if they are exercised daily, but they need 
good care after it. It is common to see a man 
tie his horse to a post, toss an old robe over bis 
back, and t hen leave him for an hour or longer. 
In a few minutes the animal becomes restless, 
and in moving about the robe is tliruwu under 
foot. Every owner of a horse ought to own a 
good blanket that can be fastened around the 
breast of the animal, where protection is need¬ 
ed most. Act upon this precaution, and tie 
the horse so that he will not face the wind, aud 
he will be saved much discomfort aud perhaps 
more serious trouble. 
Pigs are often allowed to suffer in winter, as 
well as iu summer. I do not know why, un¬ 
less it is because they are pigs. Give them a 
comfortable pen with plenty of bedding, aud a 
yard to rim in, and see how clean a pig can 
keep itself. Prejudice ought not to make this 
somewhat repulsive animal an object of neg¬ 
lect. Chickens need especial care in very cold 
weather. Give them food and water early in 
the morning. As soon as the water in the 
drinking vessel is frozen over, empty and fill 
again. Feed grain—a variety of it—aud raw 
meat. A large bone with the meat left on will 
answer. Put au ear or two of corn with the 
shelled, to afford exercise for the chickens. 
Chickens like to pick for themselves, but in 
winter must be furnished with the material for 
doing so. 
All who own animals should pay them a visit 
just before retiring at night, to see that they 
are comfortable. Do not enter a barn while 
smoking a pipe or cigar. If necessary to carry 
alautern, hang it.in a safe place while re-ar¬ 
ranging bedding, etc. Every member of a 
family—ladies as well as gentlemen—ought to 
know how to feed and care for the animals 
kept. They often suffer through inattention 
on the part of persous hired to take care of 
them. Look well to the live stock ; it will pay 
in dollars and cents, besides cultivating feel¬ 
ings of kindness and humanity. m. g. b. 
Lyons, Iowa. 
Jutrustrial ^odftics, 
MEETING OF NEW JERSEY STATE HOR¬ 
TICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
The Fourth Annual Meeting of the New 
Jersey 8tate Horticultural Society was held in 
the city of New Brunswick, N. J., on the 15th 
aud 16th insts., with a fair attendance. The 
tables contained a fine collection of forty vari¬ 
eties of apples, several pots of choice plants, 
aud vases of cut-flowers, including Camellias, 
Orchids, etc., and a very interesting exhibit of 
Florida products, consisting of the famous In¬ 
dian River oranges, lemons, limes, citrons, 
fresh as well as dried and preserved, guava 
jelly, guava canned, aud guava and orange 
marmalade. These were grown, manufactured 
and exhibited by the Secretary, Rev. H. S. 
Williams, of Rock Ledge, Fla., and presented 
as a New Year’s souvenir to the fellow horticul¬ 
turists of his native State. These guava and 
citron products, being the first successful ex 
perimentsas far as we know in this country, ex¬ 
cited a good deal of interest f I'orn all present, and 
the committee of examination compared thorn 
critically with the imported articles, and found 
them decidedly superior in every respect, re¬ 
taining more of the natural flavor of the fruit, 
thus adding another to the long list of home 
industries. The oranges, also, were pronounc¬ 
ed much sweeter aud finer than the Florida 
oranges usually found iu our markets. 
The Fruit Committee reported much less 
pear blight than usual. The May frosts did 
much damage, especially to the huckleberry 
and nut crops, the former being almost entire¬ 
ly destroyed. The new Strawberries, Great 
American, Beauty, aud Pioneer, were placed 
on the New York market iu sufficient quanti¬ 
ties for dealers to test their merits as market 
fruits. They were all transported by wagou 
12 miles, and stood the journey well. Their 
large size and attractive appearance created a 
demaud for them at 40 to 75 cents per quart, 
but lioeral culture is absolutely necessary to 
secure such results. The Beauty, for quality, 
was considered a better table fruit than the 
Great‘American, while some amateurs regard 
the Pioneer, as a family berry, hard to be beat. 
. The Brandywiue Raspberry, owing to its 
high color and good currying qualities—its 
chief merits—was iu good‘demand aud sold 
well. A new Raspberry, the Montclair, had 
been carefully examined, aud was pronounced 
as largo as the Antwerp, rather darker, slightly 
acid, with a peculiar aroma. Mr. Frost, one 
of the oldest dealers, thought “ it one of the 
best he ever tasted.” Mr. Archdeacon liked it 
for its solidity and flue flavor, and if it proved 
to be a good keeper, it would, in his opinion, 
be a valuable addition to the list. 
On vegetables the committee reported the 
potato to be the most important ; and the 
Early Rose the standard for quality and profit, 
though some had found the Peerless quite as 
profitable at lower prices, owing to its great 
yield. It is known that Vermont and Late 
Rose are often sold as Early Rose on the repu¬ 
tation of that variety. Large quantities of po¬ 
tatoes had found their way to our markets 
from Missouri, Michigan, Minnesota and Can¬ 
ada, and if those brought a profit to the grower, 
JerseymeR ought to take courage. 
An instance of training tomatoes on trellises 
was reported where the yield of good, salable 
fruit was more than double that from an equal 
number of plants allowed to trail on the 
ground. Another case was mentioned of a 
market gardener who trained several hundred 
plants to stakes; the fruit ripening 10 days 
earlier than on plants allowed to lie on the 
ground, aud were free from dirt and wire 
worms. 
Discussions on the varieties of apples for 
profit in New Jersey ; the best evergreens for 
orchard windbreaks; the revision of the So¬ 
ciety's catalogue, and experience with new 
fruits, brought out a good deal of information. 
These, with a paper on roots, and a lecture on 
fertilizers, kept the interest unabated till the 
close of the sessions, notwithstanding the se¬ 
vere snow storm on the last day. 
A proposal to hold a strawberry exhibit in 
Newark in Juno, was regarded with favor and 
referred to the Executive Committee. A New¬ 
ark gentleman invited the Society to hold its 
next annual meeting in that city, and offered 
73 
a Hall for the purpose, which was finally ac¬ 
cepted with thanks. Now that the Society 
has made a new departure, it i6 thought by 
many that its membership and usefulness will 
be largely increased ,—nous verrons. The old 
officers, with few exceptions, were reelected, 
George Such, So. Amboy, President; E. Wil¬ 
liams, Montclair, Rec. Secretary ; B. B. Hance, 
Red Bank, Cor. Secretary: W. H. Goldsmith, 
Newark, Treasurer. 
THE ONONDAGA COUNTY, N. Y., AGRICUL- 
CULTURAL SOCIETY. 
The annual meeting and winter exhibition 
of the above Society was held in Syracuse, 
January 8th, 1878. 
The officers elected were the following : 
President—Edward A. Powell. Vice-Presi¬ 
dent—Edward B. Judson. Secretary—Patrick 
H. Agan. Treasurer—Warren C. Brayton. 
Trustees—George Butts, Wm. H- Gifford, Alva 
W. Palmer, James R. Brown, Thomas Andrews, 
John Wells. 
The display of fruits, flowers, grain, roots, 
etc., was exceptionally fine. 
Of thirty prizes offered for the best displays 
of different varieties of apples, we notice friend 
Nelson Ritter bore away seven. 
The Pennsylvania Dairymen’s Associa¬ 
tion will hold its annual Convention at the 
Court House, in Meadville, on Wednesday and 
Thursday Feb. 5 and 6. On the first day. in the 
forenoon, President A. M. Fuller will make 
an address on the “ Commercial Aspect of the 
Dairy and Prof, G. E. Morrow, Dean of the 
Illinois College of Agriculture and one of our 
contributors, will speak of “ Western Dairy¬ 
ing and its influence upon Eastern Markets." 
In the evening Hon. Harris Lewis will tell 
about the proper "Care and Management of 
Dairy Stock.” On Thursday forenoon S. A. 
Faringdon will report on the International 
Dairy Fair, and our friend, Prof. E. W. Stewart, 
will discuss "Dairy Buildings and Manage¬ 
ment.” Reports of the Secretary and Treasurer ; 
reports on several dairy subjects; election of 
officers, addresses by visiting friends and so¬ 
cial gatherings will profitably and pleasantly 
occupy the rest of the time. 
Industrial |mplfmtnts. 
CLARK'S ROOT-CUTTER. 
A very simple, cheap and strong root-cutter 
i« shown in our engraving, which we have had 
drawn from the original, made by the Higga- 
nnm ManufacturingCorp. at Higganum, Conn., 
under Clark’s patent. A piece of the frame is 
broken away to show the mechanism, which 
consists of twenty-five gouge-shaped steel 
knives arranged on a w rought-iron shaft that 
holds them securely. The roots are well and 
expeditiously cut at a small expenditure of 
power, and the oak-frame, firmly bolted to¬ 
gether, affords substantial resistance to wear 
and tear. Its low price puts it within the 
reach of all who can appreciate the import¬ 
ance of root-feeding. Circulars may be had bv 
addressing the company mentioned. 
A New Hay Knife has recently been doing 
good service at our Experiment Farm, and we 
take pleasure in referring our readers to the 
advertisement of the knife on the thirteenth 
page of this issue. It will be seen to differ 
from the ordinary knife in shape and cutting- 
edge ; the notch only is sharp, aud goes 
through the hay with very little expenditure 
of muscle, and in pulling out, as the cutting- 
edge does not draw against the hay, the knife 
remains sharp much longer. If the notches 
were a little deeper it might be un improve¬ 
ment, it seems to U6. The knife is said to be 
also admirable in bogs, cutting corn-stalks, 
ditching marshes, etc. ; we think it likely, 
though this we have not had a good opportu¬ 
nity of testing. Altogether, however, it is a 
handy thing to have around the barn. 
