found equally effective, but of slower opera¬ 
tion. I have treated many lambs, sheep and 
calves for this disease w T ith success,by the use of 
turpentine, administered through the stomach ; 
and from its great volatility it rapidly euters 
the blood and is carried off through the lungs 
and air tubes, and, moreover, it strongly affects 
all the secretions, especially those of the mu¬ 
cous membrane and the skin, and is thus 
placed where it will do the most good, or 
rather the most evil, to the parasites which are 
destroyed—poisoned, in fact, by it. 
Now, I think I have given “ some trial or 
reason for the use" of the remedies I propose ; 
fortunately I have never had any reason to 
try them with my fowls, because I have uever 
had gapes among them, having used those 
precautions which would necessarily occur 
to those who knew the truth of this matter. 
Bergen Co., N. J. 
-- 
AN EXPERIENCE WITH SEVERAL BREEDS 
OF POULTRY. 
0. B. COOPER. 
CO-OPERATION. 
In a former communication I stated that 
a free current of air in a house constructed 
for chickens, is actually necessary to keep 
them in a healthy condition. I shall now 
give my experience with the several breeds, 
as far as I have tested their qualities. 
Barn-door Fowls were the first with 
which I had any experience; for when I first 
settled upon the farm, there was no other 
breed in the neighborhood. 1 bought my stock 
from several farmers and am willing to ac¬ 
knowledge that the birds were excellent lay¬ 
ers and affectionate mothers. I wanted no 
better for several years. They begau to fail, 
however, and I resolved to try another variety. 
White Leghorns were my next choice. 
These I found excellent layers of large, white 
eggs. Indeed they wore all I desired as lay¬ 
ers, but they had other traits that did not. al¬ 
together please-my fancy. I found it almost im¬ 
possible to keep them in any iuclosure, be it 
ever so high, and owingto their naturally wild 
nature they were unsuited to my fancy. As 
brooders, too, they were very poor—many a 
setting of eggs was spoiled by the hens leav¬ 
ing their nests after sitting for a week or two. 
Then again, the chicks that were hatched 
and reared, were about two-thirds cocker¬ 
els, so that it was difficult to rear enough 
pullets to supply ail the eggs I wanted, 
and for table the birds are of very poor 
quality aud of email body. Moreover they are 
not extra-hardy, so that, on the whole, they 
are not an ANo. 1 breed, and I have altogether 
discontinued raising and keeping them. 
Black Spanish were my next venture. I 
found them to excel the White Leghorns in 
laying qualities, their eggs being equal in size 
aud color, but more numerous. The hens, 
however, were almost non-sitters, and of the 
same wild, restless disposition as the White 
Leghorns, all whose other objectionable traits 
they also had. 
The Plymouth Rock and Light Brahmas, 
are the breeds to which I now coufine myself 
exclusively, having discarded the Houdans 
for various objections. I find cither of these 
varieties best suited to my fancy. Both kinds 
are of large size, docile, good layers, good 
mothers, iftid of excellent quality for table 
use. They can be kept in an incloaure of 
ordinary bight. I was dilatory’ in getting the 
Brahmas on account of rumors of their heiug 
inveterate sitters, but such a report is uot well 
founded. I have had no trouble in breaking 
their disposition to brood, by two or three- 
days’ confinement. For winter layers they 
cannot be excelled, and the chickens are very 
hardy. 
The Plymouth Rock excels all other breeds 
for general use. Fowls of this variety have 
all the good qualities of the Brahmas, are most 
excellent layers, very pretty, aud among the 
best fowls for table use, pullets weighing, when 
full-grown, from seveu to eight pounds, and 
cockerels from nine to ten pounds. Moreover, 
they are very hardy and great foragers w-hen 
running at large. I am of opinion that this is 
the breed above all others to answer the general 
requirements of farmer and fancier. They 
are not slow to feather, mature early, and 
should I keep only one variety, the Plymouth 
Rock would be my only choice. [One changes 
his estimate of the value of breeds from year 
to year. At the present time we agree with 
Mr. Cooper.— Eds.] 
There is a disposition, especially among 
fanciers breeding for feather, to in-breediug 
too closely. Tliis practice is detrimental to 
the health and destructive to the constitution 
of the flock. I would say to all: get new blood 
in your flock every year, and select the best 
quality of birds. 
Bergen Co., N. .1. 
-» • ♦- 
A Fine Poultry Show was lately held at 
Burlington, yt., by the Champlain Valley 
Poultry Association. There wore a long list 
of premiums, and some very flue birds. The 
number of visitors was unusually large, and 
we are glad to learu that finaucially and in 
all other respects, the managers and'exhibit- 
ors of the Show are to be congratulated on 
their eminent success. 
In the Rural for January 18, J. A. H. Ellis 
gives a very glowing description of the beau¬ 
ties and advantages of co-operative farming. 
If it were possible to organize a company, 
each one of whom was utterly unselfish, and 
whose only desire was to advance the public 
weal; in short, if the men were all saints 
and the women all angels, then his vision 
might become a reality. But as poor, weak 
humanity exists at present, it is almost certain 
that his enterprise will collapse within five 
years. Co-operation is a bright “idea” that 
may be successfully realized about the dawn¬ 
ing of the “Millennium." 
and Germany. Some choice seeds are worth 
a great deal. As high as $200 per ounce have 
been paid for choice cucumber seed. Some 
kinds of seed require a special study to pro¬ 
duce them. The foreign seeds are mostly sold 
by agents who reside in this country, and 
travel from place to place. 
Fanct Milk. —The New York Times has the 
following in regard to the experience of a 
correspondent: Having a few high-bred costly 
cows, a finely-appointed dairy-house, the new¬ 
est and best facilities for keeping milk, and 
keeping and feeding cows regardless of ex¬ 
pense so long a6 it would bring profit, he tried 
hard to find customers who would pay a few 
cents per quart more for the best and purest 
milk, put up iu sealed bottles and handled 
with the greatest care and cleanliness. The 
effort was a miserable failure. Not one milk- 
dealer in the whole city of New York could be 
The Perfetual IIat Press. 
Two co-operative companies have been 
formed in this city with the avowed object of 
settling upon the cheap lands of the West. 
Both appeared to be well organized, and wisely 
officered, and yet one disbanded before reach¬ 
ing its place of destination, the members of 
the other had sufficient cohesive powers to lo¬ 
cate their lands and run for a year or two. 
when that collapsed also. 
Some eighteeu months since, about one hun¬ 
dred of us orgamzed a co-operative grocery 
store in this place. Large dividends were 
promised aud great benefits expected. It soon 
became apparent that nearly every man wished 
to become the controlling spirit in the organi¬ 
zation. In fact we found plenty of material 
for officers, but very few were willing to rank 
as privates. The result can easily be imagined. 
That store that started off with a grand flourish 
of trumpets, has “run under" and is now being 
closed out. At least one of its stockholders 
proposes to “paddle bis own canoe” in future, 
leaving co-operation to those men who “have a 
soaring after the infinite and a diving after the 
unfathomable, but who never pay cash.” 
In organizations of this kind, the “sweetest 
talkers,” and those promising the most by the 
way of success, are usually given the lead, 
and in this case, we chose nine of the most in¬ 
experienced and impracticable men in the or¬ 
ganization for directors. Men who had never 
succeeded at any kind of busiuess for them¬ 
selves, were decided to be the most competent 
to manage a store! Who could doubt their 
ability when they talked so eloquently, wrote 
60 forcibly, and promised so much ? Well, 
the result has proved a deserved failure. Co¬ 
operation may he all right in theory, but prac¬ 
tically it will not work until people know 
more (or loss) than they do at present. 
I can recall a score or two of attempts to 
found communities, co-operative societies and 
the like, but ail have failed in this country, ex¬ 
cept the Shakers and the Oneida Community. 
These arc held together more by ignorance 
than by wisdom. I have about come to the 
conclusion that “competition” is the life of 
trade, the laboring man’s incentive to energy, 
and the law of God. Nelson Ritter. 
Syracuse. N. Y. 
WHAT OTHERS SAY. 
Seeds. —J. J. H. Gregory, of Marblehead, 
says that in no country in the world are vege- 
found who would undertake the sale of milk 
so put up, at the reasonable price of 10 cents 
per quart, delivered. Not that there were no 
persons who could afford to give five times 
that price for it, but that there was no desire 
to pay a few ceuts a quart extra for purity aud 
excellence in the milk. So that much-talked- 
of myth of “Parisian bottled milk” in New 
York was driven to earth and found baseless. 
Frost and Fruit. —But little definite infor¬ 
mation, says the Indiana Farmer, has yet been 
received regarding the effects of our late ex¬ 
cessively cold weather upon the next fruit 
crop. The general impressiou is that the peach 
buds in all this section of country are killed. 
Those who have examined them are positive 
that this is the case. Many claim that the 
trees arc also killed. The mild dry weather 
of last fall, it would seem, should have made 
the wood of the trees unusually tough and 
hardy, and the dry weather thus far in the 
winter has been favorable to the preservation 
of the wood and bark, so we have hopes that a 
large proportion of the trees will survive. Mr. 
S. Johnson, president of the State Horticultu¬ 
ral Society, gives it as his opinion that most 
of the Blackberries, Raspberries and Grapes 
are killed. 
Beet Sugar in Maine. —At his factory in 
Maine, Mr. Genncrt has already turned out 
one hundred thousand pounds of beet sugar 
during the recent season, and he has between 
five and six hundred tons of beets yet to manu¬ 
facture. He says that there is no question 
about the profitableness of the business and the 
only trouble is to get beets in sufficient quanti¬ 
ties. He gives the farmers $5.00 per ton for the 
roots, and states that a good average yield is 
twenty tons per acre. It is well known that it 
took a long time to establish this industry in 
France aud Germany, and that it has accom¬ 
plished wonders for the farmers of those coun¬ 
tries. The pulp of the beets, after the sugar is 
extracted, is an excellent food for stock.—The 
Husbandman. 
Poultry Figures. —G. 0. Brown says that 
farmers will feed a bushel of corn to produce 
six pounds of pork, while the same amount of 
corn will keep a good laying hen one year, and 
she will produce at least twelve dozen eggs, 
averaging eighteen cents per dozen, which 
would equal two dollars and sixteen cents. In 
addition she would rear a brood of chicks 
worth as much more, making a total of nearly 
Lever Perpetual Hay Press. 
tables raised in such abundance and variety as 
in this. The man with a garden can here 
“ live like a king." Seed growers have many 
things to fight against. Seed peas are not 
grown wtth good success, owing to bugs, ex¬ 
cept in Canada. The best varieties of potatoes 
are grown j ust uorth of the apple zone, as in 
Vermont and Northern New York. The bulk 
of the choice seed imported comes from France 
depend largely on the treatment it receives 
during the first four years after it is planted in 
the orchard, and that this is particularly true 
of the Peach. He does not think a peach tree 
which once becomes stunted, can ever be made 
profitable. 
-♦ » <- 
ELASTIC WATERPROOF CEMENT FOR 
TREES. 
Take one quart of fine North Carolina tar 
and boil it slowly three or four hours. Add to 
the boiling tar four ounces of tallow and one 
pound of beeswax, and stir till well mixed. 
Then remove the vessel from the fire and stir 
till the contents begin to thicken. Have ready 
one pound dry and sifted clay, and stir it in 
thoroughly until you can stir no longer. In 
warm weather this cement is soft enough to be 
easily spread with the point of a knife. When 
applied to wounds on trees, it completely ex¬ 
cludes moisture, does not hardeu or crack or 
scale off, yields to the new growth, and can at 
any time in moderately warm weather he 
pressed by the finger into the corners and 
crevices of the wound which may be un¬ 
covered. T. H. Hoskins. 
CATALOGUES, &c„ RECEIVED. 
We are gratified to learn that Mr. J. T. Lov¬ 
ett and Mr. E. P, Roe have become associated 
together in business life. For years the former 
has been the manager of the nursery of A. 
Hance & Son. of Red Bank, N. J. He is well 
known to our readers through his communica¬ 
tions upon small fruits, which have been alike 
notable for their frankness aud accuracy. Ex¬ 
perienced. intelligent aud trustworthy, we do 
not know of two gentlemen who are better fit¬ 
ted to Inspire the confidence of those whose 
patronage they solicit. 
A reference to Mr. Joseph Harris’s an¬ 
nouncement in this issue discloses the fact, that 
Moreton Farm has been partially devoted to 
raising home-grown seeds. Mr. Harris says of 
bis catalogue, which is now ready for mailing, 
that it contains ample directions for cultiva¬ 
tion. His experience should make his sugges¬ 
tions of great value, and an opportunity of se^- 
curing such advice free, does not often occur. 
The Drainage and Farm Journal.— This 
is the first number of a new 28-page monthly 
periodical published by Billingsley & Diamond, 
Indianapolis, Ind. ; price, $1 a year. It is de¬ 
voted to drainage, tillage, tile and brick manu¬ 
facture, and promises to be a convenience to 
the large class of farmers whose land needs 
drainage. 
Annual Report of the Public Printer, 
showing the condition of the public printing, 
biudiug, etc., for the fiscal year ending Juue, 
1878. Printed at the Government Printing 
Press. Washington, D. C. 
Proceedings of the Fifth Annual Meeting 
of the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union 
of Illinois, held at Monmouth last October, 9th 
and 10th, Mrs. M. H. Williams. Pana, Cor. 
Secretary. 
Catalogue of thoroughbred horses belong¬ 
ing to J. W. Hunt Reynolds, for sale at Fleet- 
wood Stock Farm, near Frankfort, Ky. 
Industrial Jtmplrarais. 
THE LEVER PERPETUAL PRESS. 
five dollar* against six pounds of pork at ten 
cents, which would equal only sixty cents; or, 
in other words, the hen would yield seven times 
as much as the pig fed on the same quantity of 
corn. 
Don’t Pay. —From twenty years’ experience 
as a fruit grower, Waldo says, iu the Practical 
Farmer, that he has come to the conclusion 
that the size, health, and value of a fruit tree 
The improved methods of baling hay led to 
an increase in the market price of the staple, 
and greatly lessened the labor of handling it. 
We believe Mr. Dederick, of Albany, was the 
pioneer in this movement. At any rate his 
presses are to-day in very general use, and we 
have selected two suitable for farmers' use 
for illustration. The hay in the second cut is 
thrown into the top of the press into a con¬ 
densed hopper, the lever-power is supplied by 
the horse, or horses, and the bale is made. 
The process is continuous, and about one ton 
an hour may be baled if the press is steadily 
worked. One of the great merits of this press 
for farm use is, that it may be operated by one 
man only, and handsome bales turned out 
ready tor shipping, in the most methodical 
manner. 
The first illustration shows a variation 
from the Lever Perpetual, and has some ad¬ 
vantages aud disadvantages as compared to it. 
The horse may be driven entirely around the 
press, or only half, turn and reverse. The 
side-leed is convenient, as it permits the ope¬ 
rator to always remain on the ground, where 
he can attend to the horse. The press is self- 
discharging and perpetual, or each bale may 
be stopped if desired. 
The presses are made for different sized bales, 
the 17x22 and 14x18 being the most popular. 
Their strength aud solidity make them very du¬ 
rable, and to be relied on to stand an extra 
pressure if it is thought necessary. At the 
Paris Exposition, P. K. Dederick & Co. were 
awarded a gold medal, aud iu this country 
they have secured enough medals to start a 
coin-cabinet. _ 
