Bhjmiw 
except in fa- 
of the Con- 
larly and liberally manured. The writer seems 
to have overlooked the fact that it was the 
manure and not the grass that made the trees 
grow and hear so well. We have heard of the 
farmer who found sawdust pudding an excel¬ 
lent feed for his cows; all that was necessary 
was to add liberally of Indian meal—and, in 
fact, the larger the proportion of Indian meal, 
the more satisfactory was the effect of the saw¬ 
dust. We are reminded of this anecdote by 
much that is said in favor of grass in young 
orchards. Conutry Gentleman. 
Butter « Coming."—I have had some diffl- 
tulty in getting my butter during this very 
told weather. Although the cream was warm¬ 
ed up to 00 degrees, as usual, the butter was 
two hours coming, and crumbly. It occurred 
to me that possibly the fat globules do not get 
thoroughly warmed through when the cream 
is very cold, and warmed only just before 
churning, so I tried an experiment. I warmed 
the cream the previous night up to 70 degrees, 
and left it in the kitchen all night; in the 
morning the temperature was 50 degrees—I 
warmed it up again to 00 degrees and churned. 
This was completely successful. The butter 
cfluie, as usual, in three-quarters of an hour, 
nice and firm, but not crumbly. Perhaps this 
may be useful to your readers, as I often see 
complaints of difficulty of getting butter in 
cold weather.—London Agricultural Gazette. 
Use of Fertilizers.— The Scientific Farmer 
says: “We liavu known farmers to act as if 
they thought a purchased fertilizer had some 
secret magic about it which would enable it 
to " boost” the crop out of a slough, or bring 
water to the crop from the heavens. We have 
seen crops put on land which could by no pos¬ 
sibility develop a full harvest, in the full ex¬ 
pectation that the fertilizer could serve as a 
Jack-of-all-trades, and would obediently fur¬ 
nish the plant with drainage, with warmth, with 
food, and with a machine to keep down the 
weeds. Because the harvest doesn’t pay for 
the fertilizer in these cases, there is blame at¬ 
tached somewhere, but never where it belongs, 
—on the farmer himself, whose stupidity led 
him to put his plant in a field where he knew 
from experience manure could not make up 
for location, fertility, and season, all at once.” 
Since man has been endowed with power 
over the lower animals, it is only just on his 
part that lie should exercise that high privilege 
with due consideration for the subjects which 
compose his vast dominion. 
, . “It is excellent 
to ■ but u * 
It has been asserted that brutes are insensible 
to suffering, and that it is only refined human 
beings who have sensitiveness to pain. We 
hold that this theory is totally unsupported by 
proot, and maintain, with the great dramatist 
that 
•• The com-worm we tread upon 
In corporal eufferauce finds a pauir as vreat 
As When a giant dies." 1 " - 1 
[Dublin Farmers’ Gazette. 
mo »ouii ot tue Catalpa is very light, but 
close-grained, easily worked, and susceptible of 
a beatiful polish. It resembles Chestnut, but. un¬ 
like chestnut, it is easily filled.and does not warp 
or start m seasoning. For the Cabinet-maker the 
( atalpa will be found one of the most beautiful 
ol North American woods,an# rank with or sur¬ 
pass the black-walnut, wild cherry and but- 
WHAT OTHERS SAY 
“‘“era i- HUM PROCEEDINGS OF N. T. g. II. s 
Without a single exception we find those 
orchards that have received the most abundant 
supply of barn-yard manure have yielded the 
largest crops of the finest fruits. No exceo- 
^rboriruttural 
tree planting. 
among all 
leasou wuy this habit is not general and 
is st.11confined to those large proprietors who 
plant by the ten or hundred thousand trees, is 
he difficulty, no doubt, which farmers have 
heretofore experienced in procuring the right 
sorts ol trees, m small quantities and at reason¬ 
able rates. To meet this difficulty, it has been 
suggested to the Messrs. Douglas A Sons, of 
aukegan. Ill., the largest aud most succesa- 
fui growers ol forest tree seedlings in the 
nited States, that they could greatly facili¬ 
tate a general planting of trees among all 
Classes ol farmers by sending out by mail, for 
a specified price and in small numbers, the 
best kinds of timber tree seedlings. They now 
offer, therefore, by a circular which i have no 
doubt can be obtained on application to them, 
dollar packages, post-paid, containing from 50 
to 100 ol the best kinds of foresL trees. Their 
reason for doing so will be best set forth in 
their own words. “In order to facilitate tree 
planting, they say, "among those who have 
only the time or means to plant each year a 
few trees, we offer the above packages, post- 
puid fur *1 each. The postage on 100 tress 
and the labor of packing them cost nearly 50 
snmff' ? , ,liat ° Ur direcl P rof,ts wil1 be very 
binall; but our experience touches ms that once 
a man begins to plant trees, he is sure to keep 
on doing so; so that from these small begin¬ 
nings w e hope to bpi Id up among farmers’u!l 
over the country the habit of planting every 
year n few hundred or thousand trees, and of 
considering tree planting a part of their regu¬ 
lar farm work.” ° 
naturaffff '7 °‘ ^ M ° 89rs - lJou = las we are 
natuialJ.y led to suv somethino- 
USE. — (see FIRST PAGE.) 
Hems to this rut,!. We find also the same or 
chaids yielding more or less, just in propor¬ 
tion to the supply given. . . . We also find 
that peach growers are learning that the 
Peach responds liberally to the manure sup¬ 
ply, by giving more bushels of superior fruit ; 
aud many of our peuch growers are using 
large quantities in connection with good cul¬ 
tivation. ... It would appear to your 
committee that the number of those who keep 
their orchards ill grass, or pasture with sheep 
or hogs, or fertilize their trees with muck or 
manure or compost, is increasing, as this 
course seems to keep the trees in rigor and 
produce good apples abundantly. . . . I 
never have seen an orchard doing well where 
it was kept seeded down and the grass cut and 
carried off for hay, but 1 think it might be done 
if sufficient fertilizing material was drawn on 
to replace tJic loss by the hay ; but the trouble 
is that those that practice this system do not 
draw on the manure. . . . i have also a 
small dwarf pear orchard that has been in grass 
for over ten years, the grass bciig cut once a 
year and allowed to remain as a mulch. It has 
also had a surface-manuring t wice in that 
This orchard 
CATALOGUES, &c., RECEIVED 
From Prof. S. W. Johnson’s Annual Report 
of the Connecticut Agricultural Experimental 
fetation lor 1S78, we make a few extracts :_ 
fe fecial Manures or Formulas for Par¬ 
ticular Crops. Special Fertilizers appear to 
have been first prescribed in detail by Prof. 
J- I. W. Johnston of Scotland. . . . Tim 
" worn out soils of New England” are various 
m their crop-producing qualities. Many of 
ihem are able to supply potash in excess of all 
ordinary demands. Many of them require 
lime and sulphuric acid in order to feed crons 
aud most of them fall to yield rather on ac¬ 
count of mechanical or physical deficiencies 
or defect of water supply, than because thev 
are exhausted of the nutritive elements of 
crops. With this diversity of soil it is vain to 
expect that we can rationally or successfully 
adapt special manures to our various crops. 
I'.vcii it our soils had been all originally alike 
in texture and composition, the different treat¬ 
ment they have undergone iu what we politely 
term " cultivation." has been such as to draw 
upon their natural resources very unequally, 
and make it needful to adapt the manure to the 
soil as well as to the crop. . . . I n British 
agriculture it was found some thirty years a< r o 
in many localities, that soluble phosphoric acid 
was fairly a specific for the turn in cron nnH 
grows well and produces good 
crops of fruit. As a rule, however, 1 think 
that orchards kept under cultivation until they 
are twenty-flve years old at least, will he found 
tu do the best. ... I thiuk that generally 
apple orchards over twenty years of aye have 
been in the past, and will he in the’future 
much more profitable than ordinary farm 
crops ; but I wish tu impress upon the planter 
of an orchard that he must look for his profits 
alter, rather than before, that date ; there are 
thousands of Orchards that, from various rea¬ 
sons. never prove paying investments. . 
One member of your committee (Mr. Swan) 
sold the product of less than one-fourth of an 
acre of Quinces for rlOO, and with the experi¬ 
ence of several years in growing this valuable 
fruit, he is fully confirmed in the opinion that 
| " growing Quinces for profit” is a reality. 
■ . . Farmers upon the prairies, who have 
had to contend with winds and storms, which 
came to them over vast areas not broken by 
timbered lands, and who have suffered the loss 
of crops, buildings, Stock and valuable lives 
1,01,1 (his cause, are impressed with the fact 
that they must have screens and fruit protec¬ 
tion before they can he comfortable or safe. 
1 heir efforts will, l doubt not, bo crowned 
with success, and we may ace . before many 
years, that they surpass us iu the possession 
ot valuable timber, as far as they uow excel 
us in the -rowing of abuudant grain crops. 
They have sharply suffered from hail-storms 
and hurricanes coming over theif treeless re¬ 
gions, and been parched aud frozen by winds 
which should have been moderated by passing 
through wooded sections, until they are ready 
for the work and cost necessary to protect 
themselves aud their children. 
Trees in Grass.—A correspondent of the 
Gardener’s Monthly, living in New Hampshire, 
furnishes au example of a successful orchard! 
with trees standing iu grass. The land was 
never plowed, the ground being unusually 
rocky. The trees, however, have been regu- 
pampiuet on the subject, in which he col¬ 
umn >*, k rr ? at dual of in ‘e* - estmg information 
u abi ffv n?V Qd e T cIall y in regard to the 
aiabdity of its wood. Mr. Barney, cneour- 
M by the success ol his pamphlet, has found 
lt , r U ^ lmh ! hh a 8ecol,d 011 the ^me 
]e f' Through the notices.” he shvs 
■ uucle of the pamphlet on the Catalpa. puJ 
bul in arums periodicals, attention has been 
akeneti on this subject to such an extent that 
SnZu leWerS of iu T-*lry from every 
iitc ui the Union, amounting in the aggregate 
X: ***»«■ Ma K«>dcau 
: * ‘"i» W'ostcrn Catalpw, 
, it (because it has been noticed 
linary " eckS cadler ll “»n the 
Hon y in the streets of 
hardier ofu *°h *'° arca8Sociat « a ) is much 
nev’ « l l? tbe two - ' Ve team from Mi¬ 
med W t, 1UP r 1 ’ lhat the Cat!lI P a can be 
! Tn I P °‘' feCl aafet y i“ strong, rich 
-New Eno.fi 1 buiUlsnot recommended 
Lngland ’ Where the soil is not rich 
cis count plant; and as yet I have secu no 
reason to change my opinion. It can be grown 
over a very large portion of the United States ; 
it is easily raised from seed ; grows very rapid¬ 
ly, aud has a market value when less than ten 
years old. No known wood combines such 
strength with such lightness; and these qual- 
uies cause It to he eagerly sought for both at 
home aud abroad, where there is already a 
rapidly growing demand for American White 
Ash, It supplies the navies of the world with 
their oars, aud in light carriages and agricul¬ 
tural implements, especially shovels,’ goes 
everywhere with the advance-guard of civiliza- 
tlon. The consumption of ash Is enormous 
aud is fast destroying this tree nil over the 
country, so that lie who plants it can be per¬ 
fectly sure ol a market for all that he can 
raise, and at prices probably much higher than 
those which prevail at the present time. 
'V uvv 7 0£US a ”° il was impossible to procure 
wUite-ush seedlings for forest planting: but 
tbfs U tree i^r fa , r ,fo *' who muy dartre to plant 
general prosperity ot' lEoimSy, iTls em-ufst- 
y hoped that the number will be lar^c 
Director, Arnold Arboretum, 6 
Harvard University. j 
