. 2 
TH£ BUftAL N£W-YORK 
L-J 
■ 
exposed to frost. But this work is better and 
more safely done in October or early Novem¬ 
ber. 
Rough Pastures 
anay be cleared at this season. Many pastures 
•in the dairy regions of Ohio and New York 
shade off gradually into the woods, there being 
•no dividing feuce. and on all the decent farms 
•the beat trees along the edge of the woods 
ihaving been culled out for timber or wood, 
what are left are gainiug nothing by growth, 
'but only growing worse and shading the 
ground, which might otherwise furnish good 
pasturage. All over many dairy pastures are 
scattered worthless trees, such as Beech, Elm, 
Pig-Hickory, Thorn-Apple, etc., whose roots 
exhaust the soil, whose branches shade it, and 
whose whole appearance is unsightly. An 
occasional handsome Elm or Maple for shade, 
especially along a fence line where it will not 
interfere with future tillage, adds beauty to a 
landscape, but we speak of pastures disfigured 
by scores of worthless trees and thorn bushes. 
Such pastures furnish excellent late fall work. 
Bowlders aud cobbles can be pried out and 
drawn off in dry, warm weather, and when the 
ground is soaked, mcu and teams will dig and 
pull out thorn bushes and quite stable trees 
faster than any oue unaccustomed to it could \ 
'believe. Cut the roots opposite to the way the 
'tree leans, hitch a long chain well up in the 
'branches and let your steady team pull and 
Ltwist, as your man cuts the other roots. Trees 
that are too large to be handled with the team, 
anay he trenched about deeply, and the roots 
•cut, and the frosts aud raius aud thaws aud 
winds of winter will capsize or loosen most of 
■them by spring. A part of the pasture may 
thus be cleared ready to fenee aud plow iu 
spring. When steady cold comes, the ‘’ragged 
edge” of the woods cau receive utteutiou. 
Strike a straight line through the edge of the 
>woods,parallel with the highway or with your 
iTiue feuce, and back far enough to take iu all 
fthe scattering timber, aud dear off all that lies 
tmtside of this line. Have and use all that Is tit , 
for wood or timber, aud buru the rest and the 
brush as soon as they are dry .enough. The j 
ground thus cleared will furuish pasturage in¬ 
stead of that you have just couverted into 
plowed laud or meadow, and will greatly im¬ 
prove the appearance and real value of the 
farm. 
Such are a few of the jobs of late fall work 
that may be found on most farms. They will 
vary much on different farms. We intend to 
suggest speeimeus rather thau enumerate all. 
They are ckielly periuaueni improvements, or 
work for the future year or years. They bring 
a feeling of real satisfaction. We can almost 
imagine that the farmer whose farm is so 
** snug ” anti tidy and well cleared aud drained 
and fenced that he can absolutely find nothing 
of this sort to do, nothing to increase perma¬ 
nently the beauty or productiveness of his I 
farm,—we cau almost imagine that such a oue, 
if such there be, might well sit down, like 
Alexander the Great, aud “weep for other 
worlds to conquer.” 
-- 
WORK FOR LATE AUTUMN. ; 
Manx farmers think because the crops are 
all harvested and the geueral farm work of the 
year is finished, that there is nothing more to 
be done. This may be the case on some farms; 
but iu many cases if the farmer will look 
around him, he will find some things which 
might be done profitably before winter sets iu. 
There is uo time in the whole year which fur¬ 
nishes a better opportunity for farm improve¬ 
ments thau these late autmuu days, when there 
is little else to do. Bopairing out-buildings and 
fences, picking sloues aud making them into 
walls for fences, or piling them into heaps to 
be drawn off on sleds iu winter, or any kind of 
work which may suggest itself to the farmer, 
may be done now with profit. 
Fall plowing is very popular in many locali¬ 
ties aud with many farmers. Farmers who 
have teams staudiug idle, may use them profit¬ 
ably iu plowing fields where oats or barley are 
to be sown next spring. This not only saves 
work iu the spring, which is a busy time for 
farmers, but ail eluy soils are benefited by 
beiug plowed iu the fall. It is better that the 
ground should be left rough afler the plow, so 
that the more 6urfaee will be exposed to the 
actiou of the frost, which sometimes works 
wouders iu pulverizing lumpy, bukey soils. 
Especially should gardeus, where early vege¬ 
tables are to be grown, be plowed before the 
grouud freezes. 
Stock of all kinds should have some protec¬ 
tion from pelting storms of snow aud rain. If 
this is not already provided, it would be well to 
iuvest a few dollars iu erecting uew shelters 
aud repairing old oues. Every good farmer 
knows that it is a saving of feed to give stock 
comfortable quarters iu the winter. Animals 
will require much more fodder when exposed * 
to cold pelting storms than when they have a 
comfortable protection. Therefore, us the I 
drought has shortened the supply of feed over I 
a great extent of country this season, it will be ! 
economy to see that stock have good shelter 
for the coming winter. Domestic animals 
should have especial attention at this season. 
There is a period betweeu grass and hay when 
there is danger of their becoming almost spring- 
poor before their owners are aware of it. 
Farmers who have manure in their barnyard 
thrown over the pile frequently, and mixed 
through it from tilde to time to prevent the 
escape of the gases. Plenty of plaster will also 
make the compost dry and in a condition to be 
handled. The ben manure should be carefully 
would do well (tc.draw it out and spread it be¬ 
fore the stock are.turned in for winter, 
Ghemung Co., N-\Y. G. Goff, Jr. 
=♦♦♦ 
JOTTINGS AT £IRBY HOMESTEAD. 
\ . - 
COL. V. D. CURTIS. 
Maw to UriMv, Good Corn. 
Tee best piece of corn grown in our neigh- 
'borlKSod belongs to Mr. Veeder. It was 
'manHTod iu the bill with well rotted barnyard 
manure. A small shovelful was thrown into 
^he buK, on which the seed was dropped. This 
own came up rauk and vigorous, and grew 
rabidly. It kept ahead of .other corn all the 
season. We are convinced that it is the best 
plan <te apply manure directly to the roots of 
plants, or, in other words, to so plaee it that 
the roots of plants can feed upon it as soon as 
they begin to grow. An early start is a good 
start, heuee it is advisable iu sowed crops to 
harrow the manure in. Mr. Vender’s corn, field 
was an did meadow not particularly rich. The 
crop was thoroughly cultivated, which helped 
largely to nnake id. such a good oue. There is 
saved, aud may be added, mixed with planter, 
so that its volatile properties shall not be lost. 
A little pains-taking ou the part of farmers at 
the beginning of winter aud during the season 
when they have plenty of leisure, will enable 
them to accumulate a quautity of compost 
which will cost them but a trifle, and which 
will iusure them a good crop of corn. The 
same kind of compost will be valuable for a 
root or any other kind of crop, but particularly 
for corn, owing to the fact that it grows in 
hills aud requires a good start if a flue crop is 
expected. We believe that a handful of this 
compost put into a hill, with frequent and 
thorough cultivation—and by cultivation we 
mean with a horse and cultivator—will produce 
a better crop ou ordinary land than plowing 
under a liberal coat of manure, with a lack of 
cultivation. The compost pile should be kept 
in a dry place where it will not be leached by 
rains, and where it can be turned over occa¬ 
sionally. 
Value of Rural (seeds. 
Esquire Davidson, one of our best and most 
thorough farmers, says that the Beauty of 
SECOND FLOOR.—SEE FIRST PAGE. 
do doubt but that It would pay every farmer 
well to prepare a compost, especially for his 
•corn 'drop, and put it in the hills. The fine 
manure could be set apart for this purpose. Iu 
'it should be mixed the contents of the privies 
and ohaeber wastes and soap-suds. A quan¬ 
tity of ipiaster— sulphate of lime— should be 
Hebron which he received from the Rural 
office, will be worth to him several years’ sub¬ 
scription. The Golden Rural tomato he thinks 
is the best variety he knows of. We coincide 
with him, and like them the best of any to eat 
raw. They do not cook quite so well as some 
other kinds. 
Shelter Belts. 
We realize the benefits this fall of the pro¬ 
tection from the cold wind afforded by a belt of 
trees, when gathering the roots. On the east 
side of the shelter bel t the roots were not frozen 
and were gathered in nice order, while at the 
same time on other portions of the farm not 
thus protected, the ground was frozen and the 
wind blew so cold that the work could not have 
been done. We regret that the whole west side 
of the farm had not been planted years ago 
with a hedge of evergreen trees. 
Tainting Milk and Rutter. 
Turnips of any kind will taint the milk and 
butter when fed to the milch cows. Beets and 
mangels will uot do it, but will improve the 
quality aud quantity. We have tested the 
matter thoroughly this season. Our oxen are 
plowing every day and doing good service with 
a feeding three times daily of mangels and 
hay. We find this to be the cheapest keeping 
for them. In the spring we intend to give them 
the same rations, and expect that they will per¬ 
form a large amount of work, and at the same 
time be in good condition. 
Planting Nuts. 
We hope all the Rural boys and girls have 
planted nuts this fall. We have put in a bushel 
of different kinds for the babies, and we had 
the pleasure of gathering iu the nut grove a 
nice lot of Euglish filberts aud some ot the 
native sort. Our Spanish cbesluut tree blos¬ 
somed, but did uot bear. Next year we shall 
look for a crop of ehesluuts ou it. It 1 b only 
eight feet high and has been set out only three 
years. These trees will bear nuts six years from 
planting, as they do uot grow so large as our 
native kinds. The hickory trees grow slowly. 
By-aud-by we expect to see the nuts on them, 
but it will not be until the babies get to be 
young people. This makes it all the more im¬ 
portant to start them as soou as possible. The 
npts must be plauted before they get too dry, 
and must uot be covered up deep. An inch un¬ 
der ground is euough. Pick out good kinds, 
apj there will be lots of fun ahead. 
i^rborinilturai. 
AMERICAN TREES FOR AMERICAN 
LAWNS. 
SAMUEL CARSONS. 
There are two or three questions that pre¬ 
sent themselves forcibly to every thoughtful 
lawn planter in America. He makes, in short, 
as he looks mentally over the best lawns of the 
country, several pertinent reflections. When 
he asks himself why it is that the best work 
in lawn-planiing is essentially Euglish work, 
done after English patterns, he will be apt to 
ascribe it to the not exclusively American 
fashion of imitating foreigners. Yet he re¬ 
flects that very perfect lawn-planiiug sur¬ 
rounds the homes he has seen or heard of in 
Great Britain. This being the case, is it sur¬ 
prising that Americans, cultured or otherwise, 
waut to possess similar abidiug places ? They 
have seen the thing done abroad; they eau 
obtain veritable British gardeuers; why should 
they not create the same effects here? In 
fact, the successful Americau believes, at least 
as much as his European neighbor, that money 
is King and will accomplish anything, if used 
insufficient quautity. But can money give 
him an Euglish lawu ? I believe it cannot. 
Leaving questions of the value of foreign 
methods, we are met by another query, name¬ 
ly :—why plants popular ou English lawns 
from adaptation to Euglish climate, are almost 
exclusively used iu this country. The answer 
again suggests itself, that Americans perhaps 
are too much absorbed by foreign models to 
recognize their own wealth of lawu plants. I 
don’t believe Americans are naturally snob¬ 
bish, nor do I believe they would neglect Amer¬ 
ican lawn-planting material, if they realized its 
value. It is certainly not unreasonable that 
they should imitate the excellent lawn-planting 
of Europe. They could scarcely be expected 
to copy, to any extent, American models of 
lawn-planting; for such models are few and 
far betweeu. Tbi6 is all very true. We are 
yet iu swaddling-clothes, as far as our own 
lawn-planting goes, and may be readily ex¬ 
cused for following the lead of elders and 
betters. 
But must we always remain mere imitators ? 
Can we uot originate veritable American lawn¬ 
planting founded ou the employment of home 
material. The geueral principles of lawn- 
planting are always the same the world over. 
It is simply a question of judgment and taste 
in seleetiug and arranging materials after time- 
honored methods. By American lawn-planting, 
furthermore, I mean a system that retains 
such portions of English landscape-gardening 
and lawn plants as will suit America, but 
which,, iu the maiu, employs American plants. 
Just think for a moment what excellent lawn 
plants we have! Positively we cannot, any 
of us, realize their qualities or we would not 
neglect them. The Americau Oaks alone, with 
their rich, euduring and wonderful forms, 
would make any lawu a success ou which tlie 
