THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
©EC. 6 
YELLOW TRANSPARENT APPLE — SECTION 
The most successful way of protecting the 
plauts is simply to bury the heads in the 
ground, as shown in the engraving. Fig. 1 
shows the plant in its natural position, and fig. 
3 shows how it should be buried. A hole is 
dug in the soil large enough to hold the top, 
which is bent into it and covered with fine soil. 
The work can best be done by two men ; one 
carefully bends the stock toward the ground, 
while the other, to relieve the strain, thrusts a 
digging-fork under the plant on the opposite 
side, and gently raised the roots on that side. 
Very few of the small-leaved evergreens or 
conifers will staud the summer here; but we 
are fully paid for this deficiency by a great 
number of large-leaved evergreens, mostly 
greenhouse shrubs in the North, hut fully ac¬ 
climated here. They even stand, unharmed, a 
degree of frost to which our Northern florist 
never would venture to subject them. I have 
seen orange trees cut down to the roots by a 
frost which would not harm such plants as 
Cape Jessamines. Pittosporuias, SweetMyrtles, 
Erxdbotrya Japonica, or the Japan Medlar, 
Laurestinnses, Sweet Olives, Camellias, Cra- 
tajgus Chincnsis, and the pretty evergreen 
climber Rbyncospermum jasminoides. Some¬ 
what more tender arc such of the greenhouse 
deciduous shrubs as Lantauas, Lemon Ver¬ 
benas, Hydrangeas and Ery than as. Even Crape 
Myrtles and Pomegranates will suffer occa¬ 
sionally. This is due to the fact that they are 
easily excited to growth, a few warm winter 
days causing the sap to rise, when a cold 
snap following will hurt them, which would 
not have the least effect upon them in a state 
of rest. Hydrangea paniculata graudiflora is 
worthless here; despite copious waterings, it 
loses its leaves through the summer, dwindles 
and at last dies. Lilies in general, with the 
exception of L. longiflorum, also Tulips and 
Crown Imperials die out. Hyacinths, Nar¬ 
cissus and Jonquils succeed very well. Even 
Ranunculuses and Anemones give satisfaction; 
they grow lil» Violets through the winter, and 
bloom early jo the spring. Most of the Ama¬ 
ryllis feel at home here, and multiply fast. 
Not all of the hardy flowering shrubs, how¬ 
ever, will endure the long summer. Spirypas 
and Demzias do moderately well. Weigelas 
will frequently bloom in the fall again, though 
it stunts their growth. Lilacs and Snowballs 
are failures. I tried the last, grafted upon 
the Black Ifaw—Viburnum pruuifolium. It 
takes to the stock well, but fails to give more 
satisfactory results thau ou its own roots. 
Dahlias will bloom from May until frost, if 
proper care is bestowed on them. They re¬ 
quire a naturally well drained 6 oll, and almost 
daily waterings during the hottest days. It is 
better to raise them from slips from the root.-, 
than to rely on these last; for in this case, they 
degenerate speedily. Carnations are diflieult 
to manage ; they stand a good deal of drought 
hut summer rains and hot moisture work 
speedy destruction to them. With no amouut 
of care will Paouies succeed here; they are 
very tenacious of life, however ; the roots will 
push a few leaves in spring ; these will soon 
die again; repeat the same process next sea¬ 
son, hut never show a flower. The greater 
part of annuals give the best satisfaction if 
Fig. 1. 
This will not injure the roots to any extent, 
and in the spring the plants can again be re¬ 
adjusted without difficulty. As the cold in¬ 
creases, both roots and top can be covered 
with leaves as thick as needed. 
THE BEST TIME TO MARKET WHEAT 
This question has been discussed pretty 
thoroughly by the Onondaga Co. Farmers' 
Club; and at the last meeting a report was 
made of the prices, in this market, for the last 
ten years, that may be useful to the farmers 
throughout the State. Syracuse prices, of 
course, correspond with fhe prices elsewhere, 
making due allowance for distance from mar¬ 
ket, freightage, etc. Below is the report with 
table annexed.. 
Mr. E. M. Gilsou, to whom a resolution on 
the subject of market values was referred at 
a previous meeting, submitted a report as fol¬ 
lows :— 
“In accordance with a resolution offered at 
THE YELLOW TRANSPARENT APPLE. 
In the list of Russian cions sent out by the 
Department of Agriculture at Washington, in 
1869-70, that numbered 334 and named "Skwos- 
noi Krasnoi, or Yellow Transparent, 1 ' was the 
apple figured on this page. The tree, grown 
from the single cion received by the writer, 
began to bear iu 1875, and the past seasou 
yielded not less than four bushels of fruit. 
The cut is an exact reproduction, as to size, 
of an average specimen from that crop, but is 
at least oue-half smaller than specimens from 
the same tree in previous years. If the fruit 
had beeu thinned one-balf, I have no doubt 
that the measure of ripe fruit would have 
hardly been lessened. This apple is, when 
ripe—in mid-August—of a delicate straw- 
yellow. with the wax-like beauty of skin that 
marks so many of the Russian apples. In 
texture the flesh is very soft, almost melting ; 
but if gathered a few' days before full ripeness, 
the fruit bears transportation very well, owing 
to the firmness of the skin. The flavor is mild 
and pleasant, but uot high. The fruit adheres 
well to the tree, in which poiut it is far supe¬ 
rior to the Tetofsky. I regard it as likely to 
be a very profitable apple for a near market, 
while the hardiness of the tree adapts it to 
climates where the Early Harvest, will not 
succeed. The fruit, has always been perfectly 
fair. T. H. Hoskins. 
Orleans Co., vt. 
Jlorindtural. 
living in the States enumerated above, espe¬ 
cially as it does not usually do well until it has 
acquired some age. 
■-- 
SALT FOR PEAR BLIGHT. 
Not long ago I saw an inquiry in the Rural 
about salt for pear blight, and again in the 
issue of November 15, Gen. Noble asks the 
experience on this head, of inland growers. 
To this class I belong, having an orchard of 
3.500 trees of different ages—all Duehesse. 
My neighbors say it is one of tbe finest orchards 
they ever saw, and Mr, Moody says it is the 
best his eyes ever fell upon. The land is a 
rather strong claj'ey loam, sloping to tbe south; 
not very dry, although uo stagnant water is 
either ou or in the soil at any time. I plow 
towards the tress ouce a year, and use the cul¬ 
tivator the remainder of the time. I have 
annually given a light dressing of salt, wood- 
ashes and bone dust to each tree,and,never any 
other manure. 1 have not cropped the land. I 
have never had a leaf, twig or spot in the least 
affected with the blight. The trees make a fine 
growth and always look as though they had 
just been to supper. I have also put salt around 
older trees formerly very badly affected with 
blight, and though it may not he a specific for 
blight in all cases, I believe it is one of the best 
fertilizers we can use. both on Pear and Quince. 
Indeed, unless in a very unfavorable soil and 
situation, I should have very little fear of 
blight where salt is freely used. 
Niagara Co., N. Y. J. 8. Woodward. 
FLORICULTURE IN TEXAS. 
G. MARTI. 
The generality of flower gardens in Texas 
this fall are a rather dreary sight for us who 
have been used to see them in full splendor at 
this time, rivaling, if not excelling, tlmr ap¬ 
pearance even in spring. This is due to the 
unprecedented drought we have experienced 
from early spring to this late autumn. The 
effect of this parchingly dry weather continu¬ 
ing for 6 ueh au extended term, is manifest 
everywhere, not only by the stunted growth 
most planes made, but also iu the culling out 
and entire destruction of some or our choicest 
specimens. It has worked a sad havoc, espe¬ 
cially among Roses. There are some of the 
most recently introduced sorts, which seem to 
have had their vitality and vigor so much im¬ 
paired by hybridizing, crossing and re-cross¬ 
ing, and rapid, forced greenhouse propagation 
aud culture, that, vvheD planted out. uo amount 
of care and nursing In this, for them, unwonted 
condition, will save them from gradually 
dwindling away and dying. And if one, after 
all his pains-taking, is forlnnate enough to see 
the so-much-looked-for flower, in nine eases 
out of ten he finds himself disappointed in look¬ 
ing upon—despite all the favorably descriptive 
adjectives catalogues lavish upon these sorts 
—a poor, flabby thing in comparison with 
which a Wild Brier Rose would be a model of 
perfection. 
Wonderful as arc the improvements that 
have lately been made,and are still being made, 
in certain classes of flowering ornamental 
plants, a* a whole they amount to very little 
in the Rose family. Is theie, for instance, iu 
the Bourbon class any novelty that beats the 
old Souvenir de Malmaison—free-blooming 
qualities, size, fullness and portliness of flower 
and hardiness of plant under even a parching, 
Hi « ct W CtQOClOCCOCOOClOCO 
m -a -r -a -a -j vr —i -1 -i 
03 ICO «- t* » ^ Ol Ci -1 CO to 
b5-:5i±;?r=rE:r5r5r=r=rir3 
« f'ra Ws I - = £f §•* Rf I §• ? S'? 
OS O so £p Cfi 0D *1 'J s: ~ OC ^ (X £ ® an & XI ’T- ® 
rrW Ct-h rrlf rf r. '*■ -*-'C X Tl T. r-»-7> 
88 
S o ■ • c iob’Oi'w e« b» o in -i Vt vi © o 
o • • co'co'cwoocc'oo'oiy'cv'ccoc- 
r-p; ; p p P p p p p ^ I - * 
co* • j-iju* ci r*. iofrOtChCnooEOcosQ 
O O • • C* O' O 6c w< OCiCyiCO'COt iiOOi5i£w 
sis: : s;SB'Sg8Sas'gS=gSfe:'S2gg5SS 
p -p- • 4- 0«c cr> cc cr. -i cn o to c* * o *— re —* —* 
cio- - 5 = ca'cScoc5>t»ot;oi5cw£yN« 
W ©©* • i-ento ju.cn -1 O* P 
to CO* • CCC’iCJiCCCiS'O'CCr-bCCCO'J'iili 
88: : SS5g23g;gg838?S§!SSSggS3S 
i SC ar 
88 - • 
_&_K_X_ 
88 : : 88 £ S8$85S&8*Sg8 b '8S8£ 
8$388StSg:38S8S8g8s8gS;SS: : 
£ Sc 
ac 
_ S _hi* 
The above table is compiled fr.un the books 
of Jacob Amos & Sons, who owu one of the 
largest flouring establishments in this part of 
the State, and is reliable, as it 6 bows actual 
purchases. From the apparent advantage of 
holding wheat until May—which this table 
shows—we should deduct iuterest. liability of 
loss by fire, destruction by rats, etc., before 
deciding whether it is wisest to hold the crop, 
or not. Nelson Ritter. 
sown iu iau; iuus wiey win ue in men prune 
in the spring and early months of summer, be¬ 
fore the hot days are upon them. 
Harris Co., Texas. 
-- 
WINTERING STANDARD ROSES. 
One of the difficulties that attend the culti¬ 
vation of Standard Roses, in this country, is 
successful wintering. The plants may be 
taken up and heeled-in in a shed, or other pro¬ 
tected place, but besides being a great deal of 
work, the roots are always more or less in¬ 
jured, and when the plants are re-set the com- 
LilU Jclal iUUUUU^ Ui Lino UUU, x tut irn 
lowing table, showing highest and lowest prices 
of wheat in this market for each month for 
ten years, from October 31st, 1869, to October 
31st, 1879. 
I have computed the averages, and arranged 
the figures in a convenient form for reference, 
showing highest and lowest prices for every 
month in the period named, and with summar¬ 
ies carried out, showing extremes reached 
during each year, and the whole range of ten 
years for each month of the year. The highest 
price recorded is $3.30 per bushel, w hich was 
paid in May 1877; the lowest, 95 cents, in Octo¬ 
ber, 1878.” 
Averages by months, beginning with the 
highest, are as follows :—May, $1.49 2-5 ; June, 
$ 1.45 17-20; July, $1 30 3-10; February, $1.39 
1-5; April, $1.38 11.30; March. $1.37 6-10; 
December, $1.3(5 9-10; November, $1.33 1-5; 
October, $1.33 19 30; January, $1.31 4-5; Sep¬ 
tember, $1,29*, and August, $1,296-10. A differ¬ 
ence of 20 l- 5 c., in the highest aud lowest av¬ 
erage prices for the whole year. As will be 
seen by the above, July is just as good a mouth 
in which to sell as February is. In the order 
named, December, November and October 
LOSSES IN THE CELLAR. 
It is rare to find cellars which are every way 
adapted to storing roots. Some are too wet, 
and vastly more, which are perfect as cellars 
in every other respect, are, for that reason, too 
dry. There is a constant evaporation going 
on from fruit and roots, aud in the latter espe¬ 
cially the loss of weight from evaporated 
moisture is sometimes a serious item. Where 
there is no rot in potatoes, the shrinkage from 
storing till mid-winter is generally two to five 
per cent., unless, indeed, the potatoes are stored 
in such large heaps that only a small surface 
is exposed to the air. But in this case the 
potatoes suffer loss from premature starting 
of the eyes, and this is worse than the other. 
All that the bud or eye grow's is so much lost 
to the nutritive value of the potato; all its 
weight has come out of its salable value, and 
if the eyes have growu much, it will need a 
sharp advauco in price to cover these losses. 
When men put several hundreds, or perhaps 
thousands of bushels of potatoes in the cellar 
in the fall, they can never take out as many 
bushels iu the spring. There is always 6 ome 
rot, and, with the best of care, other losses 
caunot always be avoided. 
Cellars ure generally too warm, and if this 
is guarded against, it is by admitting outside 
air, which increases evaporation and endan¬ 
gers freezing. If we could keep cellars four 
to six degrees above the freezing point, it 
would be just right for potatoes. A still lower 
temperature, bordering on freezing, is better 
for apples and turnips. In ordinary winters, 
storing potatoes iu pits is much the best way 
where it is certaiu that they will not be needed 
until spring. Some farmers here pit all their 
seed potatoes, selecting those of good shape 
and rather under-sized for market. Seed 
potatoes thus kept can bo unpitted in April as 
fresh and sound as when put up. Keeping 
them in a light, cool and dry room until ready 
to plant, will give about as good seed as need 
be asked. 
Beets and other roots suffer greater losses 
by evaporation than potatoes. Turnips, espe¬ 
cially, are apt to become dry and stringy from 
Iobb of their juices. One way to partially pre¬ 
vent this is to throw a few sods over the heap 
in the cellar, which can be removed whenever 
the housewife has occasion to attack the root 
pile during the winter. As a rule, the early 
aud Bugar beets and white turnips are only fit 
tropical sun, considered ? Or, does the name 
of Hybrid Perpetual come nearer to truth in 
any new variety than in such ancient sorts as 
the Queen or the Giant of Battles P Or. does the 
fragrance of most of the recently introduced 
Tea Roses come anything near to that of such 
reliable old sorts.as the Thea lutea, Devonien- 
sis, Gloire de Dijon and others? 
ing spring, it takes them often to midsummer 
before they again 6 tart to grow, and many 
never start at all. Wrapping the heads in 
straw is not only much work, but in our severe 
winters it is rarely they can get sufficient pro¬ 
tection this way, and, besides, it does not add 
beauty to the landscape to have small straw- 
stacks scattered over the lawu all winter. 
prices average better than those in any other 
months until the last of winter. In August 
and September prices average about 3c. lower 
than in October; 4c. below' prices in November 
and 7c. less than in December. After January 
there is a steady gain in prices until May, 
when according to the record, the highest av¬ 
erage is reached. 
