As you enter the dairy buildiug, to the right 
and left, in strong contrast, is presented the 
picturesque sight of Jerseys aud Holsteins;— 
the one largely prominent and striking from 
the abrupt contrasts of black and white, the 
other small, unique, and of modest, faded 
colors. This is quarantine, the orders being 
that cattle from certain States shall not come 
within three hundred feet of each other. Here 
in the Jersey section may be seen the famous 
herd of John J. Holly, of New Jersey, con¬ 
taining such cows as “Favorite of the Elms,” 
“Filbert" aud "Josephine 2d,” cows that 
have won the first honors at fairs until their 
uame9 have become to Jersey breeders as fa¬ 
miliar as household words. Standing by their 
side, aud possessing rare lines of beauty, is 
the first-premium hull of New Jersey, as deter¬ 
mined at the last State fair. “ Much a do.” 
He is certainly a bull of grand proportions. 
In the adjoiuinar pens, Dr. Newell, of the same 
State, exhibits some charming specimens of 
young Jerseys. Across the entrance aisle, 
stand the large black-and-white Holsteins of 
Mr. Neilson, of New Jersey, apparently uncon¬ 
scious, in their ponderous strength, of the 
mighty weight of impossible names they are 
bearing, chewing the cud of perfect content¬ 
ment amongst all the din ot a large fair. In 
poiut of quality, this imported herd is said by 
those competent to judge to be up to the full 
measure of the Holstein standard. 
Back in what is called “Machinery Hall 
the rear apartment of the building—arc col¬ 
lected the remainder of the cattle. Here Wil¬ 
liam Crozier, the veteran showuiau. us he may 
well be called, exhibits a large herd, some 
forty in number, of Jerseys, Guernseys aud 
Ayrshires. In poiut of evenness—probably 
the highest of all points of quulity—this is a 
most remarkable collection. Among the Jer¬ 
seys there may be said to bo not one that Is 
below medium in quality. “Rival,” the hero 
of a dozen fairs, stands at the head of the 
herd, and is only equaled in points of beauty 
by that rare specimen of the Jersey type, 
“Gold Gup,” just in his prime, some eighteen 
months of age. The Guernseys can scarcely 
be said to be up to the standard of Mr. Cro- 
zler’s rare judgment in selecting cattle. The 
Ayrshires are specimens of the first water. 
The Messrs. S. M. & D. Wells, of Conn., 
show a herd of superb Ayrshires, not only 
models in shape and comeliness, but holding 
that best of all virtues in a dairy cow, a record 
of performance that will make the best of the 
larger breeds look sharply to their laurels. 
Close competition for first honors is naturally 
looked for betweeu these last two herds. The 
Messrs. Harvey & Weed and Mr. W. H. Walius- 
ley, all of Connecticut, show herds of Devons. 
In shape, size, and especially in color, there is 
so much uniformity, it would ho beyond us to 
express a choice. As specimeu representa¬ 
tives of the breed, they are pronounced first- 
class. Mr. Decker, ol this city, exhibits a 
herd of native eattle. There is a lack of even¬ 
ness about them as usual, though we suppose 
they possess individual merits as milkers. 
On the whole, though this fair exhibit was 
cut more thau half in two by the cattle in¬ 
spection authorities, the numbers are re¬ 
spectable and the quality as good as we have 
seen at a eattle exhibition. 
UNITING SPLIT BUDS AS GRAFTS. 
A CORRESPONDENT Of the RURAL NEW- 
Yorker in answer to an inquiry whether it 
“ispossible to make buds split into halvesand 
united as one, grow," says he “ would as soon 
think of cutting two animals through the ceu- 
tei to make oue compound oi them.” When he 
cuts a potato into sets, or a twig from a Rhode 
Island Greening for a graft, does he then as 
“ soon think of cutting up his animals" in the 
same way ? I do not see why we should think 
of the animal when we are considering ques¬ 
tions of grafting. How does he know that the 
“vital point in a seed or hud is a different 
thiug” from the “ mass ol vessels aud cells’’ 
which “ adhere by advancing growth " in graft¬ 
ing? 1 would like to know more about this 
“vitalpoiut,” for I fiud no reference to it in 
any of Dr. Gray’s physiological works on my 
shelves. 
I was gratified to learn that “it was quite 
possible to make two halved grafts adhere,” 
aud to know that in such cases “ each half 
would remain distinct from the other j” but 
what would be interesting to know is how the 
new growth from these two halves behaves. 
“ That a hybrid could be thus produced is con¬ 
trary to all analogy and fact” leads me to in¬ 
quire what facts are referred to? I have just 
been reading an interesting paper by F. W. 
Burbidge, a distinguished English 'horticul¬ 
turist, who has taken the trouble to go over 
the whole recorded “ facts,” aud select those 
which are undoubted, and I find that there are 
many things in existence positively known to 
have been raised by bud-grafting. 
I should not have ventured to make these re¬ 
marks only that you say the writer is “one of 
our first pomologists.” As such, he is, of 
course, familiar with the subject he writes 
about, and, of course, he knows all about so 
distinguished a work on the subject as this of 
Mr. Burbidge. I beg to ask him, therefore, if 
when he says “bud hybrids” are contrary to 
grower and less liable to blight than many other 
sorts. The specimen from which our engrav¬ 
ing is made, was picked from one of our own 
dwarf trees about the 1st of October. It is 
recommended for Texas, Georgia. Kansas, 
Louisiana, California, Utah, Tennessee, Illi¬ 
nois, Nebraska. Iowa, Ohio, Pennsylvania, 
above Pear is really a “ hybrid" or cross¬ 
breed, writes us that in his opinion It certainly 
is a hybrid, and that Mr. Thomas Meehan, 
Editor of the Gardener’s Monthly, shares this 
opinion. But we do not find that anything 
positive is known about it. 
MAKING BUTTER IN THE WINTER-No. 1 
HENRY STEWART. 
Every winter there is an outcry for fresh 
packed butter in small packages. In every 
country village there are families who are 
anxious to procure butter of first-rate quality 
in the winter season, when the summer dairies 
have finished their make, and when farmers 
can no longer supply them ; and they are wil¬ 
ling to pay an extra price for it. In winter, 
fresh butter is scarce, and in summer it is 
plentiful. It is the part of wisdom in one who 
makes auytking to sell, to have it on the mar¬ 
ket when there is a scarcity, and when prices 
are high. It costs no more to make butter In 
the winter than in the summer. A dairyman 
who makes fine butter a specialty can just as 
easily keep his product even in quantity 
through the whole year as make it during the 
summer aud he idle in the winter. It pays to 
work the year round and not stay idle one-half 
of it, and he who makes butter in the summer 
and keeps his cows idle in the winter throws 
away one-half of his opportunities. The old 
fashion of packing butter in June for sale in 
the fall for winter use, is obsolete. Western 
creameries and Eastern dairies have changed 
that practice of tne farm, and farm batter has 
now no chance by the side of the fine goods 
that are put on the market by the creameries 
aud winter dairymen. Winter dairying has 
been made possible by the inventive genius of 
the patent-ehuru people. Heretofore these 
useful persons spent their energies in discov¬ 
ering a possible churn that could differ from 
the 8,001 that had been already devised. Fall¬ 
ing in finding au 8,002d oue, they turned their 
attention to devisiug methods and machines 
for the setting of milk for oream, iu which the 
temperature could be kept even by the use of 
ice iu summer aud warm water iu the winter. 
The SwcedUh system of setting milk in deep 
pails soon became prevalent here, aud a 10-cow 
dairy could be accommodated in a space which 
was formerly required for two cows. The 
inventive faculty of scores of ingenious men 
has been stimulated until there are numerous 
devices and kinds of apparatus for keeping 
milk in any desired temperature, aud iu such 
a way as to yield the best quality of butter, so 
that dairying can be carried ou In winter as 
easily and cheaply as iu summer. 
But one must have the fresh cows, and this 
is easily accomplished. For winter dairying 
especially it is best to keep no cows through 
the summer, but to spend all the time iu grow¬ 
ing crops for winter feeding ; and instead of 
selling the crops, to feed them to cows and 
turn them into butter. In this way the waste 
of pasturing is avoided and so is the waste of 
manure. Fresh cowb can be purchased iu the 
fall cheaper thau in the spring and it has often 
happened that cows bought in the fall have 
been milked aud fed through the winter and 
have been gold in the spring, for more thau 
their cost; where there is pasture, this need 
not be done and the cows may he turned out 
to feed in the summer when dry, at very small 
expense. 
Feeding for Winter Batter. 
It has been 3aid and insisted upon by some 
persons for whose opinion I have great re¬ 
spect, that the kind and quantity of feed given 
to a cow have no influence ou the quautity and 
quality of thu butter. But every day’s ex¬ 
perience convinces me that this opinion is 
without any good basis. I have proved the 
contrary again and again, and I know that the 
feed is of the utmost importance in making 
wiuter butter. I cau choose such feed as will 
make a Jersey cow give white butter of no 
more flavor than lard, and such as will make 
butter that will need uo eolor to make it ac¬ 
ceptable in that regard to the most fastidious 
judge ; and the same with rwgard to flavor. 1 
have tried experiments ou my customers and 
on my butter-maker, by ehauging the feed, 
and have been amused to hear the remarks as 
to the quality of the butter, aud the yield of 
both milk aud butter. 
section of mountain beet apple 
“fact,” he means to say that all the so-called 
facts collected by Mr. Burbidge are worthless? 
If pains-taking experiment, and careful in¬ 
vestigation, such as Mr. Burbidge has taken, 
are of no more value thau the mere “impos¬ 
sible” of a “first poinologist," it is hardly 
worth anybody’s while to try experiments, 
much less to record the results. 
English Sparrow. 
New Jersey, Virginia, New Hampshire, Massa¬ 
chusetts, New York. 
Pruning-Scraping the Bark. 
After watching closely the results of differ¬ 
ent methods of pruning for the last ten years, 
1 have come to the conclusion that the ma¬ 
jority of orchardists prune too seldom and too 
severely. Trees that are almost unpruued. 
being longer-lived and more fruitful than trees 
that are subjected to a severe pruning ouce a 
year or once in two years. We should hear iu 
mind the fact that there should be a proper 
proportion between roots aud branches. If we 
take off all the top, the roots all die; if we 
take off half the top. the roots are badly in¬ 
jured uuiess the tree can succeed in forcing 
latent bods into a plentiful crop of suckers. 
Again, scraping the baric off too closely is a 
mistake that is often made, all that is neces¬ 
sary is to take off the loose bark; if we 6crape 
off all dead bark, we destroy nuture’s covering 
and leave the naked trunks to be scalded by 
the suu and injured by each and every frost. 
T. F. Forfar. 
The Mountain Beet apple. 
A brief description, but without an illustra¬ 
tion, was given of this apple in the Rural a 
year ago. It is a dessert fruit of very good 
quality ; tree vigorous aud hardy iu the severe 
climate of Lower Canada, and quite produc¬ 
tive It originated on Yamaska Mountain 
near Abbottsford, Quebec, and has been con¬ 
siderably propagated, the fruit proving salable 
and profitable in the city markets. It is a con- 
nical apple, of medium-size, aud dark-red in 
color. The peculiarity of this variety is that 
when fully ripened on the tree, the flesh is 
nearly as red as the skin, like the blood-peach, 
or a blood-orange, with a red juice that stains 
the fingers like that of a strawberry. When 
well grown it is a very showy apple ; but, like 
its probable parent, the Fanieuse, it spots some¬ 
what in unfavorable seasons or on unsuitable 
soil. Season, October and November. 
Orleans Co., vt. T. H. IIoskins. m. d. 
Kerosene on Trees. — I have never used 
kerosene on trees for the destruction of in¬ 
sects, etc.; but I have seen apple trees, of 
bearing size, ten to fourteen inches through 
near the ground, to which it had been applied 
to keep the canker-worm off. The trees made 
an attempt oue or two seasons after to leaf 
out, but could not succeed iu growing more 
than now and then a leaf a little larger than 
mouse ears and then ceased entirely to try, 
and became cumberera of the ground. I do 
not know how carefully the application was 
The Howell Pear 
We rarely hear this favorite market pear 
spoken of as doing well on Quince, but with 
us it seems as much improved in size as the 
Duchess is by the quince stock. Coming after 
the Bartlett and just before the Duchess, it 
Almost every farmer 
and farmer’s boy knows that buckwheat bran 
fed to cows, will produce butter almost per¬ 
fectly white in color aud of a greasy, un¬ 
pleasant flavor. Perhaps the worst possible 
fresh butter might be made from a eow fed 
upon corn stalks, turnips and buckwheat 
bran, for it would be poor iu color without 
texture, and ol a strong flavor. Liuseed oil¬ 
cake meal gives a greasy unpleasaut flavor and 
light color; palm-uut meal is but little better, 
although it is remarkable for its effect iu in- 
creasiug the quantity of cream in the milk ; cot¬ 
ton-seed meal is certainly the best of all the 
art lflcial foods, as it both iucreases the cream 
THE HOWELL PEAR—SECTION 
meets with an immense sale in our markets, i 
Its size is large, the engraving representing | 
the average size; its color is yellow, often j 
with a bronzy-red cheek aud slight dots. The 
flesh is white, buttery, quite rich, aromatic 
and variable in quality in different places. It 
is a fair, showy fruit and is ranked as of good 
quality by pomologists. The tree Is a strong 
made, but as the trees were valuable I presum 
ordinary care was used. w. h. w. 
Worcester Co., Mass. 
The Kieffer's Hybrid Seedling Peak.— 
Mr. J. S. Collins, of Moorestown, N. J., in an¬ 
swer to our inquiry in Editorial Brevity in 
Rural of November 22, as to whether the 
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