VOL. XXXVIII. No. is, 
WHOLE No. 1527. 
PRlLE FIVE CENTS, 
#2.00 PER YEAR. 
[Entered according to Act of Congress, In the year 1873, by the Rural Publishing Company, in the office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington.! 
long as they appear. The glass on the 
bed may be dispensed with entirely after 
the plants get well started and the nights 
become warm. The plants should be large 
enough to be set by the first part of June, and 
plants of the best size are those having leaves 
about two inches long. While the plants are 
often expended on them aud the length of time 
they last, it is very desirable that they should 
be well constructed on a good plan at the out¬ 
set. Hence we have of late thought it to the 
interest of our readers to devote a considerable 
amount of our—of their—space to the topic of 
barn-building, and now place before them a 
stairway leading to the floor above, see Fig. 2 
page 279. On this floor A, B, C, and D.^are 
grain bins. E is the harness room, and F the 
stairway to basement. G is the horse stable, 
the entrance to which is on the back side of 
the barn. H is the spacious barn-floor, and 
I, I, bays for the 6toriDg of bay, straw, etc., 
while K is a cutting room and L » shoot for 
passing feed to the basement. The dimensions 
of each part are marked thereon, and the 
clearness of the pictured plan obviates the ne¬ 
cessity of further description. Tne building, 
the plan of which is here given, stands on the 
farm of C. E. Ross, Hamer, Paulding Co., Ohio. 
THE CULTURE OF TOBACCO IN THE 
NORTH.-No. 1. 
G. A. GOFF, JR, 
Tobacco - growing has been slowly but 
steadily increasing in favor among farmers in 
the Chemung valley during the last twenty 
years. Its culture haB proved profitable and it 
Is coming to be among the leuding products 
of our farms. Much has been said and written 
against its cultivation and use. but the de¬ 
mand for it continues to increase, and our 
country is receiving more than $30,000,000 an¬ 
nually for leaf and manufactured tobacco, 
from foreign lands, besides a large internal 
revenue. 
Tobacco is an exacting crop, and success in 
producing it profitably depends, in a great 
measure, upon the diligence and thoroughness 
of the grower, as a little negligence will some¬ 
times cause much loss. The best soil for 
tobacco Is considered by growers In this valley 
to be river or creek bottom lands consist¬ 
ing of a sandy or clay loam, though good up¬ 
lands where clay does not prevail, may be 
made to produce a good leaf. If the Boil is not 
rich, it must be made so by an application of 
some kind of manure. Barnyard manure is 
considered the best, though commercial fertil¬ 
izers are used in some soils with good results. 
In this latitude it requires about live months 
for the tobacco plain to make its growth. One- 
half of this time the plants remain in the seed¬ 
bed, during which time they require much 
care and attention. If a tobacco-grower has a 
bed of good, strong, healthy plants, enough to 
set his eutire patch, and large enough to be set 
by the first part of June, he may consider his 
crop T.boni half raised. A failure in producing 
plants must necessarily cause loss, as growers 
are not willing to part with plants until they 
have made their own settings, and then it is 
often too late. 
For producing the plants, the ordinary cold- 
frame used by gardeners is employed. It con¬ 
sists of a low box or frame covered with glass. 
The bed should bo prepared in the fall by an 
application of fine manure, and thrown into a 
ridge to Imsteu drying in the spring. Early 
in the spring, the gjass is placed on the frame 
to exclude sun and rain, that the bed may the 
sooner become in condition to »■ work.” The 
soil m the bed is made rich and mellow with 
muck or well-rotted manure 
JMl'the use of the haud- 
Tuke. A few days before 
solving, the seed is mixed 
with line niuck or sand, 
and placed b> the stove till 
sprouted. One-third of a 
pint of seed mixed with four 
quarts of muck or sand, 
will sow two lntudred 
square feet of bed aud, with 
good success, will furnish 
enough plants to set three 
acres. Much care is re¬ 
quired to keep tile bed 
moist while the pluuts are 
young and tender. In warm 
weather the bed will require u, - 
daily watering, and for the . 
first week or so it is better ^ 
to use tepid water. When 
the sun shines hot, the 
glass must be raised to pro- _ 
'em the plauts from burn- 
ing. If the plants are lute, 
they may be forced by 
sprinkling them with ma- : 
nure water, or liquid mu- 
nure. §£ r - ~‘"' 
The task of weeding be- 
gins as soou as the weeds 
are large enough to pull, ' ■> — 
and must be continued as 
e. r. roe, 
I was interested in your paragraph on the 
hardiness of the “ Pride of the Hudson.” and 
of Raspberries in general. I would like to give 
you the history of my Raspberry in respect to 
its endurance of frost. For three years, in the 
garden at Newburgh, where it originated, it 
never received the slightest protection, aud 
daring the winter of '75-6 the mercury sack to 
25 degrees below zero on one occasion. I n the 
fall of ’75. preceding this same severe winter, 
I removed a number ot canes to my place at 
Cornwall, and left some standing, from three 
to six feet high, as I particularly wished to 
test this question of hardiness. I naturally 
thought that if the variety was weak in this 
respect, canes that had been moved and set 
out just before wiuter, would show it. They 
were planted, also, on top of a hill and in an 
exposed place. Not a bud was killed, and both 
on my place and in its original home, they were 
alive to the tip. In May, ’76, I put out quite a 
number of pot-grown plauts that had been 
started in a greenhouse, and they averaged 
three feet of growth by fall; and these young 
plants, and those remaining in the variety’s 
original home, were not injured at all in the 
wiuter ot '76-7. 
In the mild winter of 77-8, there was a change 
in this respect. That I did not wait for any 
one else to discover and state this fact, is 
proved by the marked passages taken from 
my catalogue, seut out in September '78, by 
the thousand. As noon as mv Ra«nh*-rrv dp. 
PLAN OF FIRST FLOOR. 
growing, the ground where they are to be set 
should be prepared to receive them. The soil 
is usually plowed twice, once in the fall and 
again in the spring just before setting time. 
Chemung Co., N. Y, 
representation in detail of a convenient farm 
dairy barn. 
The elevation shows a side and end view of 
the building which is 40x50 feet. The base¬ 
ment story is eight feet high in the clear; the 
upper story, sixteen feet from sill to plate. 
The sketch shows the material and method of 
construction so plainly that a lengthy verbal 
description is unnecessary. 
Fig. 1, is the ground-plan. A, is the cow 
stable affording room for ten cows. B, is the 
hall-way, wide enough to drive a wagon 
through on removing the movable stairs at C. 
D and H are frost-proof root aud feed cellars ; 
the latter is also designed to coutain a root¬ 
cutting machine. E is the landing for hay 
and ent feed from above, and next to it is a well 
from which the stock can be supplied with 
water. F is a passage three feet wide, and 
G a bin or box for mixing feed. At I is the 
A FARM DAIRY BARN 
After the dwelling-house, the most im¬ 
portant convenience on the farm is a good 
barn. Indeed in some parts of the coun¬ 
try. notably among the Pennsylvania Dutch 
and along the Shenandoah Valley, the barns 
are far more pretentious aud costly strueiuces 
than the dwelling-houses. In view, there¬ 
fore, of their utility, the amount of money 
cultural Society, is some 
thing that caunot be ex 
plained away. 
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