JULY 12 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
of Illinois, uses water when very dry. He wa¬ 
tered his small evergreens this season and his 
loss was very small. He dug a small trench by 
the row, partially filled it with coarse manure 
and then applied water. R. Douglas had in 
former years moved evergreens during the en¬ 
tire summer. He found those which had been 
moved previous to Sept, 15th had done the 
best. He used water. He found the hotter the 
day the more rapidly they rooted. He would 
advise planting before the growth was made. 
S. B. Parsons agreed with Mr. Douglas, but 
had had good success in transplanting ever¬ 
greens and deciduous shrubs in June and July 
by reducing them to a dormant state—removing 
the fresh growth. Mr. Manning preferred 
planting evergreens April 30th to May 20th. 
Mr. Strong would plant in August and wet the 
tops but not the roots. E. Moody, of New 
York, would plant May 1st to May 15th, and 
never expose the roots to the air. Mr. Parsons 
then followed with uu address upon “the 
planting of trees in a landscape style,” which 
of itself would fill an entire page of the Rural, 
and which should be read by all horticul¬ 
turists. 
Thursday moruing the Committee oti Nom- 
iuation of Officers reported as follows: For 
President, T. S. Hubbard, Fredonia, N. Y.; for 
Secretary, D, W. Scott, Galena. Ill.; for Treas¬ 
urer, A. R. Whitney, Frauklin Grove, III.; Ex¬ 
ecutive Committee, T. S. Hubbard, of New 
York; D. W. Scott, of Illinois; 8. W. Hoover, 
of Ohio; Franklin J. Davis, of Maryland; 
George B. Thomas, of Pennsylvania. The old 
list of vice-presidents was retained. The re¬ 
port of the committee was accepted. 
Mr. G. W. Campbell, of Delaware, Ohio, 
gave an instructive address on 
(•rape Culture 
That the purely foreign kinds—Yitis viuifera— 
cannot be successfully grown in this country, 
having been universally conceded, he said that 
we must now look for success to our best na¬ 
tive or hybrid varieties, but he thinks that the 
great majority of hybrid seedlings between the 
domestic and foreign sorts will prove unsuited 
to general cultivation, mainly because what¬ 
ever fine qualities they possess, are often, or 
always, accompanied by the same tenderness of 
vine, and consequent liability to disease, which 
renders the success of the foreign Grapes im¬ 
possible. Rogers’s Hydrids, though nowhere 
extensively used for wine-making, he consid¬ 
ers among the hardiest of their kind. The 
Diana he believes is destined to occupy a higher 
place in public estimation than at present. 
Many Grapes that brought high prices teu 
years ago are now deemed worthless, such as 
the Iona, which proved to be a total failure 
with the average cultivator, A general mis¬ 
apprehension of the care needed, aud igno¬ 
rance of the proper treatment of the vine by 
many of those who engaged in grape-grow- 
iug, were doubtless great causes of the fail¬ 
ure, The fact that different varieties should 
have different treatment, some requiring long 
aud some short training and pruning; that 
many Grapes can only be grown in soils and 
situations suited to their special characters and 
habits; that others need protection in winter ; 
aud that all kinds are seriously injured, en¬ 
feebled, aud Often destroyed, by overbearing, 
seemed to be either unknown or disregarded. 
Another minor evil, which has uu injurious 
effect upon the business of grape-growing, is 
the persistent and unscrupulous pushing aud 
sale of pretended new and remarkable Grapes, 
which in reality have no existence. Bottles 
contaimug the large, white foreign grapes 
preserved in alcohol, are exhibited to gullible 
purchasers under fancy and fraudulent names, 
with the assurance that they are new native 
varieties: and vines are sold at §2 or $3 each 
which are claimed to produce these Grapes, 
but which, if they ever bear, prove to be of 
the wild aud worthless Fox tribe; or perhaps 
Concords, Ives, or whatever is most easily ob¬ 
tained or cheapest in the market. The “ Em¬ 
press" was the lavorite name of this swindle a 
few years ago. This year it has appeared as 
' Conover’s Seedling,” accompanied by a fan¬ 
ciful engraving. 
Ihe most serious hindrances to American 
grape culture are mildew and rot. aud he be¬ 
lieves both these evils are measurably within 
the control of the skillful vineyardist. The 
lower part, d, is cut from an old saw-plate, or 
from an old steel shovel blade, in shape like e, 
of which side f is seven inches, sides g g, 5J 
inches each. It is bent at a right-angle at the 
dotted line and fastened to the upright, a, with 
two rivets. The lower end of the upright 
should be drawn down thin, the edges beveled 
and the rivets well headed down and filed off 
smoothly, so that neither dirt nor weeds can 
catch. 
aken out and the blocks put on top of the 
body-piece C, raising the wheel two inches, 
or the axle, if not fast to the wheel, may pass 
The front point of the shovel, d, should be 
i inch lower than the back part, to hold the 
tooth in the soil. The whole tooth Is six indies 
la length from the shoulder, b, to the bottom of 
the shovel. The front tooth, Fig. 4, is shown 
iu two parts. The upright, a. is the same as in 
Fig. 3, but longer; the shovel, b, is made of the 
same material as the others aud riveted to tin- 
upright; it measures four inches across, and 
the point iu front should dip ;} of an inch. 
The uprights are made to curve back so they 
will uot be so liable to turn aronud as if they 
were straight. In cultivating small plants, 
the front points of the back teeth should be set 
a little out, so that they will tend to throw the 
dirt from the row. Iu clean, mellow soil, this 
cultivator can be run as fast as a man ordina¬ 
rily walks, within one inch of plants just com¬ 
ing up, without throwing any dirt on them. 
These teeth can be marie by any blacksmith 
and attached to many of the hand cultivators 
in use, much to their improvement. 
FARM NOTES 
Pork. —Let all who doubt that pig pork is 
preferable to old hog pork, test both, and I 
believe they will always use pig pork iu their 
family, when possible, atid sell the old hog 
pork. The nicest as well as cheapest pork a 
farmer can make, is that obtained by feeding 
pigs all they will eat until six or eight months 
old, wheu they should be butchered. 
Root Crops.—I am convinced that root 
crops receive far less attention than they 
should. I have always found they were a 
profitable crop to feed to calves and sheep, 
and have seen their good effects on other 
farms, when fed to cows. I would say to 
every farmer who has not been iu the habit of 
raising root-crops for his stock: “ Try a piece 
of ground to roots, this year, and next winter 
feed them to your stock, aud it is probable you 
will ever afterward continue to raise them.” 
Yield of Crops.— Every farmer needs to 
study, and study hard, too. Wheu we con¬ 
sider what the present yield of our crops is, 
and that they may, by proper selection of seed 
and judicious cultivation, be doubled, is it not 
a little strange that so few farmers give their 
attention to this matter, aud labor both with 
brain and muscle to accomplish this result? 
We. as farmers, must till our laud better; cul¬ 
tivate only as many acres as we can make rich 
with manure, aud take special pains iu the 
tilling of it. The soil caunot be mellowed too 
much. The basis of good farming is good 
plowing, for if you do uot plow well you need 
uot expect good crops, uo matter how much 
manure you apply; and after the ground is 
plowed the harrow should be used twice as 
much as mauy use it. I have seeu some, wheu 
fitting ground for corn or grain, harrow but 
once, and then leave a strip untouched by the 
harrow, nearly every time in crossing the 
field. This, of course, is not the practice of a 
good farmer. Good cultivation will make up 
iu part for a light dressing of manure. 
Stay Where You Are.— The plan practiced 
by many of selling out every few years and 
going to a different place, is a very bad one. 
Before purchasing a farm, a man should look 
around with his eyes opeu and And one that he 
likes; and when he buys and moves onto it, it 
should be with the intention of remaining. If 
ho, at length, finds some things that do not 
suit him, as be. will be likely to, he ought to 
try aud bring them as near his ideas as he can, 
and then make the best of the matter. One 
farm cannot have every advantage, and the 
man who Is constantly seeking for one that 
suits him m every particular will, iu time, dis¬ 
cover that he is after that which he will never 
find, A farmer caunot sell out and buy again 
FARM HELPS 
I have just made a cultivator like Fig. 1. 
The wheel aud handles were taken from an 
old seed drill; the frame, Fig. 2, was cut from 
H-iueh oak plank ; the center piece or body is 
shown at e. with ^-ineh bolt at b to prevent 
splitting. It is 30 inches in length ; the slot s 
for the wheel is eight inches, and wheel w. 13 
inches in diameter. The side-pieces a, a, are 
lHnch square, two feet long and attached to the 
body at d, d, by an irou plate one-eighth of an 
inch in thickness above and below with two 
bolts through the plates and body, and one 
through the ends of the side pieces. The ad¬ 
justing irons, e, are 3-4x3-16 of an inch with 
F. A. GULLEY 
lx growiug the small vegetables iu rows 
from 10 to 20 inches apart, the hand cultivator 
is almost indispensable. With it one man can 
do as much work as four or five men with 
hoes. The objection to many of the bund cul¬ 
tivators is that they cannot be run close to the 
rows of plants when first coming up, without 
covering them with dirt, and thereby destroy¬ 
ing them. After using several of the cultiva¬ 
tors sent out by different manufacturers, und 
having teeth of various forms made to order, 
we fouud nothing equal to the Implement 
shown in the. accompanying cut. Fig. 1. The 
merit lies in the shape of the two back teeth 
or shovels. Tho right-hand tooth is shown 
enlarged at Fig. 3. 
The upright, a, is made of jfxg-luch wrought 
iron, the upper part, c, forged round 1 an inch iu 
diameter, aud thread cut and nut fitted at up¬ 
per end ; below a burr, b, is welded on to form 
a solid shoulder to rest agaiust the lower side 
of the cultivator frame, to keep it from turn¬ 
ing when the nut is drawn down tight, The 
holes £ of au inch apart. They are bolted to 
the arms a a, and there is a bolt through the 
body e, and both irons have a nut on top. By 
removing the nut the side fAeces a, a, may be 
set at different widths. When the teeth all 
rest on the ground, the wheel should be cue 
inch above; If level, the front tooth would ot 
ruu deep enough. 
At Fig 5. is shown a better wav of attaching 
the wheel, to run deep or shallow. The block 
b, in which the axle turns, is fastened to the 
body-piece C, with two bolts; the holts may oe 
