§02 
THE FURAL (NEW-YORKER* 
owned by Major-General Sir F. W. Fitzwy- 
gram, won the first prize for old bulls in this 
class and also the champion prize for the best 
male, while the Duke of Buckingham took like 
prizes in the female class with the Countess 
of Temple. 
The Norfolk and Suffolk Polls numbered only 
35. but among them were some very fine beasts. 
The allied breeds, the Foiled Galloway and 
Polled Angus or Aberdeen, made a very credit¬ 
able show. Mr. McComble, whose Polled 
Angus group won so high a reputation at the 
Paris Exposition, was not among the exhibitors 
at Kilburn. 
Perhaps the most remarkable feature of this 
department was the large display of the beau¬ 
tiful, little Jerseys. There were of them 352 
entries against 179 of Short-horns. It was by 
far the largest and finest collection of the 
breed ever assembled. They came from all 
parts of England, while Ireland and Scotland 
sent each its contribution, and the Island which 
produced them sent across the Channel some 
of its choicest animals. In the class of bulls 
over two years old, the first prize was taken 
by Duke, who has won many prizes on the 
Islaud, aud is owned by Mr. Le Brun, of St. 
Ouen, Jersey. The samo animal also won the 
prize for the best male of Ibe breed. The cow 
class was also headed by an animal from the 
Island, Mr. Marrett's Zenobla, with golden 
cdlor, a fine escutcheon, a shapely head, tawny 
horns and a neat, deer-like form. On the 
whole, this exhibit attracted more attention 
frbm tbe general public, especially from the 
female portion of it, than any other in the 
cattle department. 
The very fine but not very numerous display 
of Ayrshifes excited much interest likewise, 
especially among those with whom a large 
production of milk is the main excellence 
in a cow. Mr. Montgomery won the first 
prizes in both bull classes, and also the first 
prize in the cow class with Fancy of Dumlan- 
rig, an animal of very handsome appearance, 
with nice head and horns, and an excellent 
milker. There was a large number of flerce- 
looking, massive Welsh cattle also, together 
with eight little Kerry bulls and 21 cows of the 
same hardy breed. 
Of foreign cattle there was only a miserly 
show, as tbe restrictions upon the importation 
of animals from plague-infected countries was 
rigidly enforced, and all exhibits from 6uch 
places were subjected to close quarantine. 
Even the presence of the few on exhibi¬ 
tion caused not a little dlsqnict to the native 
stock owners, although they were kept apart 
from the other animals. This department, 
therefore, contained only a few bulky Nor¬ 
mans and little Bretons, a single massive Hol¬ 
stein bull aud a fair number of Danish cattle 
from Auglen and Jutland. After a view of the 
splendid native display the foreigners present¬ 
ed few points of attraction. 
The Dairy Department 
attracted much attention both from agricul¬ 
tural visitors and the general public. The 
diBplav of butter was one of the finest ever seen 
here. Indeed, many exhibits appealed so 
strongly to the good taste of the judges, that 
they left little or none in some of the pack¬ 
ages. France, Belgium, Holland, Denmark, 
Switzerland and Germany, had all fine exhibits, 
but the poor show made by tbe United States 
was a matter of cornmou comment. The dis¬ 
play of cheese, however, did not come up to 
the expectations of tbe public or of the judges. 
The latter ended their report with the remark: 
“Tbe judges are sorry to have to report 
that nearly all the exhibits iu the classes of 
English cheese were very inferior in quality— 
possibly caused iu some measure by the early 
period of the season preventing some of the 
finest dairies being sent in for competition ; 
and they are. of opinion that unless the tenaut- 
farmors who make cheese at home, pay more 
attention to its manufacture, so as to secure 
fine quality, they will be forced out of market 
by the Americans. There is always a ready 
sale for English cheese at remunerative prices.” 
The last sentence is equally applicable to the 
American product, as is amply testified by the 
stock of it kept by nearly every provision 
dealer in the country. To describe this inter¬ 
esting department with the amount of detail 
necessary to benefit Rural readers, would oc¬ 
cupy far more spaco than could be allowed it, 
in this hasty outline. 
Hornes, Etc. 
Never before was so fiue a collection of ag¬ 
ricultural horses assembled in any country. A 
walk along the sheds iu which they were sta¬ 
bled was a journey which few would care to 
undertake, especially in the wretched condi¬ 
tion of roads aud footpaths. When paraded 
in the large ring designed for displaying them, 
they afforded a truly splendid spectacle. They 
were divided into three principal classes—the 
Ci ydeedales, the Su ffolks and those not iucluded 
under ohher of these heads. The last was tbe 
most numerous, and embraced many of the 
finest animals of the kiud in Great Britain, 
and consequently on the globe. In this class 
by far the finest display by any single exhibitor 
was that made by the Earl of Ellesmere, for 
whose Worsley immense stud farm the whole 
country seems to have been ransacked to 
secure the best animals. Class No. 1. for 
agricultural stallions, not Clydesdale or Suf¬ 
folk, over four years old. was headed by his 
British Wonder. In the threc-y'ear-old class 
he took first and second prizes with young 
Prince of the Isles aud Sampson III. The 
former had already taken half a dozen cups at 
other fairs, and was awarded another here as 
the best stallion on the ground iu the classes 
not Clydesdale or Suffolk. Ho is a very hand¬ 
some and symmetrical bay aud a splendid 
walker. Sampson III. has more of the dray- 
horse character, being a thick-set, short-legged, 
powerful animal. Again in the two-year old 
class, the same owner won another victory 
with Sampson IV., while several other 60 ns of 
the same, Worsley sire, owned by other par¬ 
ties, were honored with prizes or special men¬ 
tion. 
The Clydesdale stallious were much less 
numerous thau what are termed the “shire” 
horses iu contradistinction to Ricm and tbe Suf- 
folks; still they made a fine show and were 
great favorites with all those interested in the 
equine race. Mr. D. Buehauau's Druid not 
only won the first prize for Clydesdales four 
years old and upwards, but also the Champion 
cup for the best male of the breed. He is a 
very handsome, compact brown horse with 
short legs and cvideutly euormous strength. 
Mr. Martin’s The Abbott bore away the first 
prize in the three-year-old class, aud Mr. Mont¬ 
gomery’s Prince Imperial, iuthat for two-year- 
olds. 
The magnificent Cupbearer III. was justly 
placed at the head ot the Suffolk old-class stal¬ 
lions. He is accustomed to take that place 
wherever be is shown, and won £275 last month 
at the Suffolk County fair. Here he also won 
$25 offered for the best stallion of the breed. 
There was also a large aud very flue array 
of mares and fuaLs belonging to tbe three class¬ 
es. Here Lord Ellesmere again won three 
prizes, and Mr. Montgomery one. Prizes were 
also given for the beBt thoroughbred sire for 
getting hunters, the best for getting coach 
horses, aud the best pairs of agricultural mares 
aud geldings. Hunters, coach horses, hackneys, 
ponies, mules and asses, were also well repre¬ 
sented. Foreign horses made a much better 
show than any other class of foreign auimals. 
The Percherou aud Bouionuais were very styl¬ 
ish yet powerful; the Normaus seemed excel¬ 
lently built for roadsters, while some long¬ 
tailed, hardy Belgian horses found many 
admirers. Threber. 
ottiraltoral, 
NOTES FROM THE RURAL GROUNDS. 
Will Weevil-eaten Peas Grow 1 
TESTS CONCLUDED. 
Test No. 3.—June 29, 6 P. M. One hundred 
weevil-eaten peas which had been soaked in 
water for six hours, were planted in sandy 
loam three inches deep. They were afterwards 
watered as needed. The variety was a rather 
small, early pea. Of these, three only ger¬ 
minated. 
Test No. 4.—On the same date as above, 
twonty-five weevil-eaten peas were planted 
Iwo-and-a-half inches deep. They had been 
soaked, as in the above test, for six hours. 
They were not artificially watered afterwards. 
More appeared above ground. 
Test No. 5.—Twenty-five weevil-eaten peas, 
variety “ Champion of England ” were soaked 
in water for three hours. This is a large 
wrinkled pea, and only the be6t specimens, or 
those which were the least eaten, were selected. 
They were planted two inches deep iu a clayey 
loam. The grouud was moist when they were 
planted, aud it waB kept moist afterwards by # 
artificial watering us often as needed. Two 
seeds germinated. In the same manner uear 
these, iu a parallel drill, twenty-four peas of 
the same variety were planted, which wore not 
weevil-eaten. Of these thirteen germinated. 
It appears from these experiments (all made 
out-of-doors in gardeu soil of various sorts) 
that weevil-eaten peas are substantially worth¬ 
less. Taken as they come, less thau teu per 
cent, will grow. Our readers may not be con¬ 
vinced by these tests ; but we have no prejudi¬ 
ces In the matter aud they are as trustworthy as 
we are capable of makiug them. We are quite 
at a loss to account for the fact that the im¬ 
pression is general among farmers and gard¬ 
eners that wee<fil-caten peas are j ust as good as 
those which are not weevil-eaten. Even such 
good authorities as our respected contempor¬ 
ary, the Country Gentleman and Professor 
Riley incline to this opinion, as a published 
letter of the latter and a commentary of the 
former upon our first tests, will show. 
We have lately examined a number of bags 
of seed peas offered by seedmen. Some of 
these were grown In Canada aud were entirely 
free from weevil-grub holeB. Samples from 
other bags showed that as many as one in 
three had been eaten. The price of seed peas 
ranges from $3 to $15 per bushel, according to 
variety. Supposing $5 to be an average price 
paid for seed peas, and that they were as badly 
infested as in the last Instauce above, the 
buyer would iu reality pay $5 for two-thirds of 
a bushel, plus the ten per cent, of weevil-eaten 
peas that might germinate. But we have 
fouud that of the less than teu per cent, that 
do germinate, a large proportion will produce 
feeble plants that will either dwindle away or 
not bear green peas enough to pay for the 
ground they occupy. Many of our friends have 
written to us that we are wrong, and that 
weevil-eaten peas are as good as any others. 
One of our contemporaries has stated that we 
have “discovered a Mare’s Nest.” We call 
upon them, as well as upon the Coun.ry Gen¬ 
tleman and Professor Kilcy to show by their 
owu tests wherein ours have been defective, or 
else for the benefit of the pea-planting com¬ 
munity to accept our results as a trustworthy 
guido. 
Roc’s Early Ruby. 
Mr. E. P. Roe sent us last year six plants 
each of his new seedling Gooseberries named 
Early Ruby and Late Emerald, to test. The 
Early Ruby this summer set its fruit abundant¬ 
ly. When half-grown, w r e told our readers 
that at that time there was no appearance of 
mildew upon either leaves or fruit. Later, 
however, the fruit became so mildewed that 
few berries ripened. Mr. Roe, doubtless, has 
spent much time iu producing aud propagat¬ 
ing the Early Ruby, and we are sorry that it 
has so badly fulfilled its earlier promise. Our 
report, it must be borne in mind, is hut one of 
mauy—the evidence, so to speak, of a single 
witness—we hope the only one to testify against 
the Early Ruby. Late Emerald has not yet 
fruited. 
Pure White Double Pelargonium. 
Among mauy plants sent to us for trial by 
Mr. John Saul, of Washington, D. C., is a 
double Pelargonium, which, judging from its 
first blooms, bears a purely white double 
flower. The first double Pelargoniums said to 
be white were sent out, as we remember/about 
five years ago, but they were all more or less 
rose-color. Many have since been produced 
and advertised us white, but those which we 
have seen or tried were scarcely improvements 
upon the earlier varieties. The Pelargonium 
under consideration is one of M. Lemoine's 
productions, and is named lime. Ballet. The 
trusses are rather small, but compact; the 
flowers endure well, the habit is dwarf, the 
leaves of a palish-green color. 
How to Establish Reds of Double Portuiaca. 
There are no colors that we know of more 
brilliant than those of Portuiaca. Verbena 
flowers are very bright, but if beds of each 
exist side by side, the greater brilliancy of the 
Portuiaca will be very strikingly shown. 
Everybody knows of double Portuiaca, yet 
a bod of this alone is seldom seen; and there 
is a good reason for it—it cannot either be 
made or maintained without a great deal of 
trouble. Ten years ago we procured 6ome 
seed of all colors that produced a large per¬ 
centage of double flowers. The single and 
semi-double flowers were cut off or the plants 
bearing them pulled up as 6oon as they opened, 
aud this rather tedious daily manlpulatiou we 
have carefully continued ever since. The re¬ 
sult is, our bed Is a blaze of white, yellow aud 
red, with all intermediate shades, and the 
flowers average as large as little Roses. The 
seed pod from the single flowers contains a 
hundred seeds or more, while the pod from 
double flowers is either seedless or contains 
very few seeds. It will appear, therefore, that 
a bed of double Portuiaca can ouly be secured 
by preveutiug the single flowers from forming 
aud sowing their seeds. 
- » »♦ - 
WEEVIL-EATEN PEAS. THE RURAL EX¬ 
PERIMENTS CONFIRMED. 
PROFESSOR W. J. BEAL. 
Last year, 1878, a trusty student at my sug¬ 
gestion, tested some peas with the following 
results. They are early peas, somewhat mixed, 
of moderate size aud smooth. They were 
raised the year before. He soaked in water 
for one day 50 peas which were “ buggy" 
and 50 which were sound, taken from the same 
lot. They were kept damp for live days when 
oue of the “ buggy” peas sprouted aud nearly 
all of the sound ones. Again, in a damp place 
in the greenhouse, he jjlaced 25 sound and 25 
weevil-eaten peas. After six days all the 
sound ones grew, and only four of the dam¬ 
aged seeds. On June 5th, in good warm soil, 
12 sound peaB aud 25 “buggy” were planted. 
Of this lot, all the sound oues grew, aud only 
three of the buggy ones. The wcevil-eateu 
seeds produced feeble plauts. 
This year, 1879, from the same lot of peas 
500 weevil-eaten peas were counted out and 
tested in ten lots of 50 each,in the green-house. 
By the side of these, 500 apparently sound 
peas were tried. All of the latter germinated 
except four. 
The following table gives the number which 
germinated in each lot of 50 of weevil-eaten 
peas. 
Total grew.130 
This is 20 per cent. Some insist on it that a 
test in the open air is the only sure aud fair 
one. It may be so. sometimes, biit not always, 
unless very great pains arc taken. For ex¬ 
ample. the moles are often troublesome in our 
gardens, passing along the rows and taking 
many of the peas and sometimes uearly all. 
Perhaps wrinkled or very large peas of some 
varieties would be less injured by the weevil 
than those above tested. 
Agricultural College, Lansing Mich. 
WEEVIL-EATEN PEAS. 
The following questions were asked by oue 
of the editors and answered by Professor Cyrus 
Thomas: 
1. —“ Does the weevil eat tbe pea?” Not to 
an exteut worth noticing, and hence but little 
attention has been given to this point. 
2. —“How long will it live in the pea when 
it cannot get out?" There must be some im¬ 
perfection iu its oral apparatus, or something 
unusual iu the pea when it cannot get out, and 
hence I presume it would perish as soon a9 in 
any other place of confinement of a similar 
character. If it can oat the pea to sustain life, 
it can eat its waj r out; if it cannot eat, then it 
must perish for want of food, if food is neces¬ 
sary to its existence. But many insects eat 
very little in the perfect state, aud I am in¬ 
clined to think the pea-weevil eats compara¬ 
tively little iu that state; but it has a 
term of existence, beyond which its life will 
not be much prolonged. I do not believe Its 
existence will, trader any circumstances, be 
prolonged over one winter. As tbe weevil will 
often remain in the pea until planted, it may 
frequently happen that where an individual 
is unable to escape because of the hardness 
of the pea. it may accomplish this after it be¬ 
comes softened in the ground. 
3. —“Do they make and deposit eggs on the 
peas, and then do the young larvsa eat again 
the old peas?” I do not believe they ever deposit 
eggs in or on the old peas. The larvae are 
adapted only to eating the new or growing 
peas. The case you suppose is extremely rare, 
if it ever happens—I do not think it ever does. 
While it is true that weevil-eaten peas will 
generally germinate, their vitality is certainly 
impaired, and their growth I do not think will 
be so vigorous as when perfect. 
RASPBERRIES. 
A Note from Mr. Chnrles Downing. 
Editors Rural New-Yorker:—You ask 
for my opinion of the Cuthbert Raspberry, 
and, in reply, I would state that a longer trial 
Is necessary to give a decided opinion of its 
merits, but.from what I have seen of it,I think 
it will prove to be a valuable variety for the 
market, the berry being quite firm, of good 
size, and of good quality, while the plant is 
also a good grower, very productive, and so 
far apparently hardy. On this point, how¬ 
ever, it may vary with seasons, colder and 
more changeable thau we have hud since it 
was introduced, 
For family use. there is nothing that I have 
yet seen that is superior to Briuckle’s Orange. 
It is one of the first of its class to ripen, con¬ 
tinues longer iu use and produces more than 
•any other vuriety, and the quality is not sur¬ 
passed, yet many object to it on account of its 
color—orange yellow'. For those who prefer 
a red berry, the Franconia, Pride of the Hud¬ 
son and Herstine, are desirable varieties. 
Chas. Downing. 
[As showing the effect of soil and climate 
upon different varieties of Raspberries, we 
may state that Brinckle’s Orange with us, 
though protected, was killed nearly to the 
grouud last wiuter, while Franconia and Her¬ 
stine were so harmed as to bear little or no 
fruit the present season. Cuthbert, as we 
have twice stated before, has never been in¬ 
jured in the least by heat or cold. The bushes 
are extremely vigorous aud fruitful, aud—as 
our venerable authority intimates—the berries 
are firm, high-colored and of excellent flavor. 
Eds.] 
-- 
Plant Celery ; it is so wholesome a vege¬ 
table aud is so acceptable during the winter 
seasou—when fresh vegetables are scarce—that 
no family should do without it. Get strong 
plants of some dwarf variety and plant them iu 
rows three feet apart, and six inches between 
the plants in the rows. Water freely till they 
are well started. It is now a trifle late to plant 
them, but in good soil, with good #are, a orop 
for family us# may yet be raised. 
