OCT. 44 
657 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
that a lamb of 40 to 45 pounds would briug $8 
to $10 in April or May, while, late lambs 
bring but little more than fat sheep. But 
where the shelter is not such as to protect the 
young lamb from the rigor of the cold, it is 
not judicious to attempt raising early lambs. 
The risks will be greater than the chances of 
gain. 
But whether lambs be early or late, they must 
furnish a large proportion of the profits of the 
flock. And to facilitate this result the shep¬ 
herd should see that each lamb has a full sup¬ 
ply of food. The dam sometimes gives less 
milk than the lamb can thrive on, in which 
ease it should be taught to suck warm, fresh 
cow's milk from a bottle. But good judgment 
must, be used to know when the lamb has 
enough—over-feeding being nearly as bad as 
under-feeding. A slight amount of extra food 
will produce a marked difference in the thrift 
of the larnb, and 10 pounds in the weight of an 
early lamb will add, very often, fifty per cent, 
to the market price. Early lambs, properly 
foil, should average, when 80 to 100 days old, 
40 to 50 pounds, or one-half pound per day of 
age. Such lambs will always bring the top 
figure. 
The ewes, whilst sucking, should be fed 
with reference to the production of milk as 
much as a herd of dairy cows. And iu view of 
this, the ewes should bo selected with regard to 
capacity for secreting milk. The best milkers 
will raise the best lambs. But the dams re¬ 
quire succulent food, such as some one of the 
various kinds of roots, aud, when these are 
not at hand, oil-meal, oats and .wheat mid¬ 
dlings mixed in equal proportions, one pound 
to each ewe per day. This will be paid for in 
the growth of the lamb and in the condition 
of the ewe. Jt will cause the. (buns irivo 
obtain a good flock by crossing. By saving all 
of the ewe lambs and continuing the cross of 
the same blood, an improvement may be made 
from year to year. Iu all of the dairy districts 
the local markets will absorb the male lambs at 
remunerative prices, or the surplus may be 
sent to other markets. 
drills of Bentlev (from H. A. Whiltemore,) 
one foot apart. 10 inches apart in drills. 
Eleven drills of Knight’s Excbpsjok (sup¬ 
posed to be a new variety), same as preceding. 
Seven drills of Gold-Dkof same as pre¬ 
ceding. 
Seven drills of Oregon, same as preceding. 
On tliis plot (No. 8) C was sown at the rate of 
800 ibs. per acre. 
No. 0. Mold s White Winter. (Bliss) Drills 
12 inches apart, BOO Ibs. per acre of C. 
No. 10. Mold's White Winter. Drills 12 inches 
apart. MOO lbs. unleaeked ashes. 
No. 11. Deviance. (Bliss). Drills 12 inches 
apart. 000 lbs. of unleached ashes and 600 lbs 
of G. 
No. 12. Defiance. Drills 12 inches apart 
600 lbs. of (J. 
No. 18. Champlain (Bliss). Broadcast. 240 
lbs. salt—240 lbs. of C. 
NOTES FROM THE RURAL FARM. 
Wheat Experiment!). 
Upon our wheat field for auother year oats 
were raised the past season, corn in 1877. it 
had been in pasture for six years previously. 
For corn, Mapes’a corn fertilizer was used in 
the hill. For oats a special oat fertilizer was 
sowu at the rate of 500 lbs. per acre. The oat 
and juicy, tender-meated chicken now takes 
the place of the lean and tough broiler of by¬ 
gone days. Iu eggs, too, we find the improve¬ 
ment equally noticeable. The idea that “ an 
egg is an egg," no matter whether fresh or 
stale, whether stringy and tasteless, or meaty 
and rich, has exploded. If the fowls have to 
shift for themselves, getting a precarious liv¬ 
ing in the baru-yard, or wherever they can 
pick it up, the eggs can not have the rich molt- 
ing quality which results Irom a good, gener¬ 
ous diet of grain aud prepared food. We 
might as well expect the same quality of meat 
iu the half-wild Texas steer, as we get iu the 
well fed, pure-bred Short-horn. A thorough¬ 
bred, whether of jeattlc, sheep, swine or poul¬ 
try, may be relied upon to make a better qnal- 
ity of food than a so-called native mongrel. 
t-gg-production, as iu butter, the thorough¬ 
bred produces the choicest quality. 
Premising this much brings me to consider 
especially the means of attaining these im¬ 
provements which is through careful breeding 
ami selection. The two systems, natural and 
artificial, I shall not contrast, but rather show 
the use of each aud how the second is but an 
addition to the first. I am. well aware that 
many people ridicule the idea of artificial 
hatching and culture, and to such self-com¬ 
placent plodders iu the old path, I have noth¬ 
ing to say. 
I shall consider this subject as applying to 
persons rearing poultry for market. Ti,« 
ESOPUS SP1TZENBURGH 
. Mold s Ked w ^te R . Broadcast. 
1,800 Ibs. of C. 
No 15. Shumaker. (Mich. Ag. College.) 
Bioadcaat. 600 lbs. of C per acre. 
No. lb. Silver Chaff. Drills six inches 
apart, 600 lbs of C. 
The Clawson field aud all of the above plots 
received a final rolling after the seed wassown 
I ho'kjrst was sown Sept. 19; the special plots 
Nortf 71 U * 
of the small breeder. As to location, 1 
prefer a dry situation, a southern slope on the 
bank of a lake or pond, or, better, a small 
stream, with low underbrush. As to buildings, 
a nunifier of small houses is preferable to one 
lyrge one. They may, for eeouoiny’s sake, be 
Built double for two yards of fowls, letting the 
dividing fence join the houses iu ihe the ecn- 
F-r. Eaeh yard should accommodate 50 hens, 
four cocks, aud be at least three-quarters of an 
acre, two-thirds iu grass aud tho rest kept mel¬ 
low by weekly spading or plowing. The bight 
of fence must be regulated by the breed of 
fowls kept. Iu addition to the buildings for 
breeding stock,there must be a setting or hatch¬ 
ing room, a nursery for young chicks partly 
roofed with glass, and another room into 
which they may be turned when four or five 
weeks old. 
Iu the selection of stock the breeder must be 
governed by the objeet to be gained. If it be 
eggs, Leghorns, Houdtfhs or a cross of these 
upon some other breed, will be best; if to fat¬ 
ten for market, Brahmaa. Cochins or Plymouth 
Hocks, will prove most satifaeturj^ though 
there is a great difference of opiuion ou this 
point. Iu the laying stock it is best to have 
one-half pullets of last season’s hatch aud the 
remainder heus, one year old. By this selee- 
one part, however, concentrated fertilizer 
(Crockers Aminoniatcd Bone Superphos¬ 
phate”) alone was used. The guaran teed analy¬ 
sis is as follows: 
Soluble phosphoric acid. 6 to 8 per cent 
Precipitated “ . “ . 2 to " 
IlUfoluhln •• ** . lkitn«U •• 
Ammonia.,"*« to i'A “ 
Sulphate of Potash... 1 to 2 “ 
The entire field was twice plowed six inches 
deep, then harrowed, rolled, eross-liarrowed 
and diagonally harrowed. Clawson wheat, at 
A CHANGE IN FARMING-GROWING COMB- 
ING WOOL. 
COL. V. p. CURTIS. 
A FLOCK of combing-wool sheep maybe bred 
in two years, as a second cross would be three- 
fourths that of the ram. The quality of the 
wool would depend upon the blood and in mak¬ 
ing the cross. In all eases a pure-bred ram 
should be used—and one with as long a staple 
of wool as possible coupled with a good strong 
constitution. A careful breeder would look 
particularly to the form of the ram and select 
one with short legs, a small head, a broad,full 
chest aud a broad back. The ewes may be 
Merino, iu which ease it would require at 
least three crosses to change tho short and oily 
wool characteristic of Merinos to the combing 
standard. If the ewes shonld barmen he 
POULTRY AND POULTRY BREEDING, 
-ureeuiug Has grown 
incredibly during the past few years. Most of 
us can remember when the chickens were 
looked upon as a necessary nuisance, to be tol¬ 
erated only because tho female portion of the 
household looked to them for a supply of pin- 
money. And those, to us bygone days, are 
still things of the present in many sections of 
the conntry. The fowls are regarded as a spe¬ 
cies of freebooters, and allowed to range at 
will. The weight of full-grown fowls in those 
days was perhaps on ihe average 34 pounds 
now frequently they weigh eight' to niue 
pounds at maturity, aud broilers are made to 
weigh one-aud-a-half pound at six weeks olH 
tained sooner. The Canada grade coarse- 
woolod sheep arc tho best for the purpose, and 
may be obtained for about $2 each,ana brought 
into New York at a cost ot less than $4,includ¬ 
ing 20 per cent, duties and tho freight expeu- 
ses. A pure-bred Cotswold rain may be pur¬ 
chased for from $85 to $50, and a Leicester for 
the same. The breeders of pure Leicester sheep 
are very few in t he States,but in Canada what 
are called BorderLcieesters are plentiful. We 
had the last flock of pure-bred Leieesters we 
know of, purchased by us of Messrs. NolcottA, 
Campbell, New York Mills, and imported by 
them from Yorkshire, England. The flock has 
ruu out, the Leieesters not being suited to our 
severe climate. 
Cotswold rams are plentiful and,with good 
care.a yearling ram can be made to cover two 
or three hundred ewes. He should be kept in 
a stable aud bo liberully fed and allowed to 
serve a ewe but once ; as soon as served, the 
ewe should be removed from the llock. The 
restraining of the sire to one service will iu- 
sure vigor on bis part and produce more twins 
and stronger lambs. Liueoln sheen have the 
RED CANADA 
No. 6. Arnold’s Gold Medal. Sowu broad¬ 
cast. No fertilizer. 
No. 7. Wvsor’s Fultzo-Clawson. (See Wheat 
Number of Rural). Sowu broadcast. C at 
rate of 500 lbs. per acre. 
No. 8. Asiatic Wheat: 42 kernels (the 
largest we have ever seen) planted in two drills 
one foot apart and 33 feet iu length. Three 
