OCT. 44 
660 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
V 
THE 
RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
PUBLISHED EVERY SATURDAY. 
CONDUCTED BY 
ELBERT S. CARMAN. 
Address 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
78 Duane Street, New York City. 
SATURDAY, OCT. 11. 1879. 
NOTICE. 
Our Fair Edition of (50,000 extra copies, is 
distributed. We cannot any longer, therefore, 
supply copies to applicants. 
THE PROSPECTS FOR THE WHEAT 
MARKET. 
In commenting here, at different times 
during the last few months, upon the 
prospective price of wheat, we have 
always expressed the opinion that it 
must rise. A careful examination of the 
various reports of the condition of crops 
in different parts of Europe and elsewhere, 
led directly to this conclusion. The 
nature of these reports has been from 
time to summarized for the benefit of our 
readers, so that they might be in a position 
to act intelligently in either selling their 
crop at once or retaining it for higher 
figures. With the same object in view 
we have also placed before them the chief 
rivals we have to meet in foreign markets, 
and the extent of the competition these 
have maintained with us there for the last 
three years. 
The late advances in the prices of wheat 
have already justified our predictions, 
and from our present information we are 
strongly of opinion that prices must go 
even somewhat higher. Former esti¬ 
mates with regard to foreign harvests 
were based, to a great extent, upon 
probabilities which, as the crops were 
still in the field, were liable to modifica¬ 
tion by a week’s sunshine, or a day’s 
downpour. By this time the European 
wheat crop has been gathered and the 
average yield pretty accurately ascer¬ 
tained by thrashing. As a rule with 
few, if any, exceptions, the anticipa¬ 
tions of a deficient harvest have beep 
fully realized, and in several cases 
sadly exceeded. In England, for instance, 
not only is the yield even below what was 
expected, but the grain is generally of 
poor quality, and the straw’ of a dark, 
mildewy color. Both Mr. Caird and Mr. 
Scott, the two most trustworthy English 
authorities on agricultural statistics, 
place the shortage at 30 per cent, of au 
average fair crop. 
The latter of these experts has been 
figuring, from the best attainable data, 
upon the probable relation between sup¬ 
ply and demand in the wheat markets of 
the world for the present crop, and has 
given to the public the results of his cal¬ 
culations in a recent letter to the London 
Times. Briefly summarized in a tabular 
form for the sake of clearness, his con¬ 
clusions are as follows :—Tlie estimated 
surpluses of -wheat, after repeated re¬ 
visions down to the beginning of Sep¬ 
tember, are put down for— 
The United States and Canada at: ...192,ono,t>00 bushels 
■Russia. 40,000,000 " 
l urkej, Eg> 7 't, India and Australia... 24.oUO.000 
Algeria... 1,400,000 “ 
Aggregate surplus.157.000,000 “ 
On the other hand, to supply their 
wants for ordinary consumption, it is esti¬ 
mated that there w ill be needed by 
England. mOMLIMO bushels 
Fiance. rii.ooo.ooo 
Italy... 20,000,000 
Belgimu with Switzerland, Chinn 
nud the West Indies, hi.uoo.oou bus. 
each. •18,000,000 “ 
Austro-IIimgury. i icrumny, Spulu 
with Portugal,8,fl0u,oou each.24 .ikhi,<kk) 
Holland. 0.000,ono 
Total deficiency .298,000,000 “ 
Total surplus to supply it .257.600,000 “ 
___ *1 
Deficiency iusiipplicd. 40,400,000 “ 
From information in our possession, col¬ 
lected from various sources, we are dis- 
jfosed to believe that the surplus from 
this side of the Atlantic is considerably 
understated in the above estimate ; but 
there is no doubt that the demand will 
fully equal the supply, and prices there¬ 
fore must be strongly in sellers’ favor. 
Continental buyers, especially French, 
have hitherto been the heaviest investors 
at advanced rates; but Euglish pur- 
••har.rt nr si; s r on, however rdac! L.tly, 
f flow tin ;«• ‘ T ;,uuple, ana when they do, 
the i.pv .a im v.-n of will he mere 
rirox-giy hit in n;r home markets. 
Uivr.dy, In lace of by fi r the largest im- 
n rirti ns of grab , that lmve e ver 
occur:- pile s for wheat are sttaddy 
iming m the ill: Lets of Great Britain. 
--- 4^-4 >—- ■ - - 
LAND AGITATitN IN IRELAND. 
Ilitie and rent are ocoa mere be¬ 
coming ominously connected in the 
“ Gem of the Ocean." On the first 
of the month an obnoxious land agent 
of the Marquis of Sligo w r as shot 
at near Castlebar, the capital of county 
Mayo. The would-be homicide, how¬ 
ever, was a poor marksman, for while 
the agent drove off unscatched, the 
surer aim of his son who accompanied 
him, proved fatal to one of their four as¬ 
sailants, who turned out to be a militia¬ 
man. The extreme members of the Home 
Rule Party are doing their best to fan 
into a conflagration the fire that, with the 
exception of a few fierce outbursts, has 
smoldered for centuries in the Celtic 
heart at the cruel injustice with w’hich 
the Ironhearts of Cromwell and the mer¬ 
cenaries of William of Orange disposses¬ 
sed the natives of their ancestral acres. 
It adds to the bitterness that the larg¬ 
est landowners are generally of a differ¬ 
ent religion and often of a different na¬ 
tionality to the bulk of the people, and 
that whatever their faith or their country 
Ireland seldom knows them except as 
imposers of hard taxes upon her indus¬ 
trial classes—taxes levied through un¬ 
scrupulous agents and squandered in for¬ 
eign lands. 
Land meetings at which thousands as¬ 
semble, are being held or projected in 
different parts of the country. At these, 
atriote, politicans, enthusiasts, sore- 
eads and agitators of all kinds loudly la¬ 
ment the tenants’ manifold grievances and 
savagely denounce the heartlessness of 
their landlords. A considerable reduc¬ 
tion of Tent is the immediate object of 
their demands; but an entire change in 
the land laws and the total abolition of 
absentee landlordism are the ultimate 
aims of the agitation. 
AGAIN. 
We thought we had convinced at least 
those who read this journal (except, it 
may be, Professor Riley perhaps), that a 
small proportion only (very small, indeed, 
according to our own careful experiments) 
of weevil-eaten peas will grow. An ex¬ 
perienced seedsman of this city told us a 
few days ago, however, that there was no 
use in trying to make it appear that they 
will not grow because he knew they 
loould! “But have you tested tlicic for 
yourself?" we asked. “No," Inlaid, 
“1 have sold them too long to nmUff-that 
necessary.” Well, we give it upl IT 
people are determined to believe that 
weevil-eaten peas will grow, in spite of 
trustworthy tests which prove the con¬ 
trary we must e’en leave them to think so. 
It may seem strange that many will 
believe that wheat sometimes turns to 
chess. In this case, however, it is really 
hard to prove that it will not. But if auy 
incredulous body that reads this will, 
next spring, sow only weevil-eaten peas 
depending upon them for his main crop, 
we are confident that he will never again 
feel like casting doubt upon the results 
of our experiments. 
-- 
WHEN TO TRANSPLANT ? 
Just as soon as the leaves have per¬ 
formed their functions. This varies with 
different genera, species and even varie¬ 
ties. For instance, some Pears lose their 
leaves in mid-September; better trans¬ 
plant them then than to wait until after 
frosts ; the roots have so much the 
more time to become established in new 
soil. The discoloring of the leaves is 
proof positive (if the tree is in health) 
that they can be of service to the tree no 
longer. They have become clogged 
with mineral matter; the leaf-stalks, 
though still clinging, are really severed 
from the stems. The buds for another 
year are matured, and the sooner trees so 
circumstanced are removed, the better is 
their chance of passing the -winter un¬ 
scathed and of making a vigorous growth 
the ensuing spring. During long, favor¬ 
able seasons, such as the present has 
been in this part of the country, many 
lands of trees are prone to make a lute 
fall growth. This has little time to 
mature aud generally perishes before 
spring. Better remove such trees before 
the late growth starts, in which case the 
tendency is effectually checked. 
BREVITIES. 
Prune Grape-vines. 
Ou Potato Number will be next week. 
Golden Rj-scI (-ee engraving) is extensive¬ 
ly grown in Western New York. 
We read of 50 bushels per acre of Fultz 
wheat having boeu produced in Indiana. 
Preserve Mangolds, Beets and Carrots from 
frost. Salsify is better foi being frozen. 
Another Dairy Exhibition of the ‘‘Inter¬ 
national” sort will be held beginning abont 
Dec. 15th in the building of the Amcrioan In¬ 
stitute of this city. 
Someuody Las said (we forget who) that 
beets added to apples, in the proportion of 
one bushel of the former to ten of the latter, 
will make better eider than apples alone- 
“Pay as you go” was the text of President 
Hayes’s address at the late Michigan Fair at 
Detroit. Wo heartily welcome this presiden¬ 
tial support iuonr crusade against agricultural 
indebtedness. 
In Colorado, we are assured, steers can be 
got ready for market at a cost of S'! per head, 
with a possibility of raising them for a dollar 
lesson a large scale! Isn’t cattle-raising in 
Colorado done ou a large scale now ? 
The editor of the Ouratouna (Minn.) paper 
asks: “ Cau there ever be an entire failure of 
crops in Diversified Farming?” We say no, 
if the farming be sufficiently diversified: 
Neither can there be an entire success. 
Wk learn that the position of Professor of 
Agriculture of the Michigan Ag. College has 
been offered to our contributor, Mr. W, I. 
Chamberlain. We know of no other person 
that combines so much of high scholarly 
attainments with a practical knowledge of 
agriculture. 
Ex-Gov. Seymour says : “ Agriculture has 
always been known as the basis of civilization 
with all peoples. But it has rarely if ever hap¬ 
pened in the world’s history that it has wrought 
out such marked aud rapid changes in the 
credit and prosperity of a government ns those 
which we now witness in our laud.” 
“In Premiums for Swine” a breeder re¬ 
marks “the largest hog always takes the 
premium;” in every-day life, too, who has 
not noticed that ainoDg his acquaintances the 
biggest hog always appropriates the beet of 
everything; though in both eases the animal 
has often only a slim claim to what he collars ? 
Wb see the advice given to purchase trees 
now, and, if they cannot be set this fall, to 
heel Hum in until spring. Our advice is to 
wait until spring rather thau to heel them in. 
It makes nearly double work, with scarcely 
any advantage, aud the trees are weakened 
during the winter, unless the “heeling in" is 
carefully and skilfully performed. 
A MICHOSCOPI9T, M. Woronin, Cuds that 
club-root in cabbages is caused by a minute 
fungus which he calls Plaemodiophora 
brassicaa. Sulphur, so effective in killing other 
fungoid spores, is suggested as a remedy. One 
crop of diseased cabbages should never be 
followed by a second cabbage crop, since prob¬ 
ably the ground becomes infested with the 
spores. 
This would be a good time for those who 
want choice English breeds of sheep, to invest 
in them. Owiug to the poor condition of root 
crops and the general agricultural uncer¬ 
tainty, sheep are now reported a drug in the 
market. Those exhibited at fairs generally 
find ready purchasers, but exhibitors this year 
complain that it is next to an impossibility to 
dispose satisfactorily of their flocks. 
So many experiments will be made all over 
the country this year in the extraction of sugar 
from sorghum, beets arid corn stalks, that this 
may well be called a test year in this connec¬ 
tion. Should it be definitely decided that sugar 
cau be profitably produced from cither of these 
sources, it Is probable that there will soon he a 
diminution in the area sown to wheat in favor 
of whichever of these plants may prove more 
profitable. 
One of our farm hands remarked to ns the 
other day while we were surveying a field full 
of new potatoes, new turnips, beets, etc., which 
were for the most part failures:—“Tell you 
what it is, these ’6pcrimoni things ain’t worth 
nothing anyhow.” It is a truth that testing 
“ novel ties* in a large way is a costly business. 
But gems do crop out now and then and those 
who aid iu making them known, are engaged 
in a good work. 
Under the head “ Miscellaneous ” in our 
last Issue, a cut was given of a variegated 
Tubroso discovered by Mr. Rhea, of Griffin, 
Ga., two years ago, growiug in a bed ol other 
Tuberoses. He naturally supposed It a sport, 
and since then has succeeded in reproducing 
tbuvuricg&lion by planting sets from the main 
bulb- Mr. Dreer, of Philadelphia, however, 
writes to us that he has been offering this va¬ 
riety lor sale during the last ten years. 
To the mauagers of agricultural fairs, who 
insist that" boss trots" are necessary to the suc¬ 
cess of their exhibitions, on the ground that 
they draw a big crowd and thus iucrease the 
gate-money, we strongly recommend Ex-Gov. 
Furnas’s suggestion that they should appeal 
to the Executives of their several Stales fur 
permission to hang a criminal on the grounds, 
as a means ol drawing a still greater throng, 
and chiefly of the same rowdy element too. 
A root tarty aud farmer’s pic-nic wu6 
largely attended at Kirby Homestead, Charl¬ 
ton, N. Y., on the afternoon ol the Hli Inst. 
The genial Colonel Curtis aud his excellent 
lady extended a cordial welcome to their host 
of visitors, besides providing a lunch lor those 
who came from a distance. Everything which 
brings farmers together for instruction or 
innocent amusement, or, better still, for both 
combined, is worthy of praise and imitation. 
While the weight of Short-horn grades for 
shipment from this port averages about twice 
that of Texans shipped from Indianola to 
Cuba, the former sell for moro than five times 
the price of the latter, owiug mainly to their 
superior quality, though considerably, of 
course, to the superior advantages of this place 
as a shipping poiut. This great difference in 
price between beasts <>t different beef qualities 
should stimulate our farmers aud stockmen to 
still further improvements iu their herds. 
The lowest price per bushel of wheat on 
ship-board during the first half of the currcut 
year, was at New York, #1; at Philadelphia, 
$1.00 to $1.10: at Baltimore, $1.00: at Boston, 
($1. The average price per bushel of red winter 
wheat on shipboard during the same period 
was at New York, $1.18, at Philadelphia, 
$1.11; at Baltimore, $1.04; ul Boston, $100. 
The average freight per bushel to Liverpool 
was from New York, 13c,; from Philadelphia, 
7Jc.; from Baltimore, lffjc.; from Boston, 15c. 
English farmers, by late accounts, seem to 
take, kindly to emigration, hopeful of better 
fortune elsewhere than that which the Mother 
Country has, in step-mother fashion, allowed 
them. On four adjoining estates in Yorkshire, 
no less thau 180 farms are deserted, and on a 
multitude of other estates also, what money 
will be lost for the next year or two. at least, 
must come ont of the landlords’ pockets, who 
will themselves have to farm them. 
According to a recent report of the English 
Secretary of Legation at Washington, the 
average weight of pigs shipped from this 
port to England is 170 pounds. Large hogs 
are unsuited to the British market. The price 
for them here averages 5 eta. per pound, vary¬ 
ing from 4 cts. to OJ and 7 cts. The rate of 
freight is about t j cts. per pound. Such a 170- 
pound hog would Bell on an average in Liver¬ 
pool for $13, or at the rate of a trifle over seven 
cents per lb. There cannot be much profit in 
the exportation of swine at these figures, after 
a fair allowance has been made for mortality 
on the voyage. 
Depression in agriculture is sure to be at¬ 
tended by depression in all branchesof business 
connected with It. Our manufacturers hen 
must have felt the troth of this during the re¬ 
cent period of distress among our farmers, 
and the largest English manufacturers of 
farming goods arc now going through a simi¬ 
lar experience. Lately Messrs. Lawcs Go: 
had to give notice to the 300 employes en¬ 
gaged in their Chemical Manure Works of a 
reduction of 10 per cent, in the wages of alK 
bauds reeeiviug $10 per week and upwards, 
and of 71 per cent, on wages under that 
amount. A strike was feared, but the em¬ 
ployers have met their hands half-way, and 
both parties are for the present satisfied. 
A trip through Long Island, N. Y., shows 
that buckwheat has been seriously damaged 
by frost. Winter turnips will be a magnificent 
crop. Wc saw many picking late beans aud 
peas, and othera green tomatoes for pickles. 
There is an immense area of late cabbages 
raised on this Market Gardeners’ Island. Claw¬ 
son has been sown teu times as much as any 
other variety. It Is three or four inches high 
on many fields, sown about the 13th of Sep¬ 
tember. Since that time there has been uo 
rain, and many fields yet remain to be sown. 
A great many’ sweet potatoes are raised. Nan- 
se.monds are thought the sweetest, mealiest 
and earliest. Peabodys will yield more and 
grow larger. That is the best that cau be said 
of them. 
For the first half of the present year 
“prime” beef at wholesale for exportation, has 
ranged between nine and ten cents a pound on 
shipboard in this city, while common-finality 
beef has varied from seven to nine cents. 
Dressed beef shipped iu quarters has cost from 
eight to nine eeuts. Beeves shipped alive have 
averaged $5.70 per 100 pounds gross weight, 
the best grades fetching more, ana fair grades 
less. “Prime bollocks ’ have averaged 1.400 
pounds aud “ common bollocks ” 1,100 pouucfe. 
The average freight per head to Liverpool hat 
been $17—though it has been as low $13 aud as 
high as $33. In Liverpool the price of Ame¬ 
rican “ prime” beef has ranged from 14 cts. to 
15 cts. per pound, though it has sold for as 
high a6 18cts., hut shippers wouldmake agood 
fair profit at a considerably less price than 
either of these figures. 
Our premium list aud posters will he ready 
the 10th inst., and—please uote—all of our 
readers so desiring, will he welcome to them 
ou application. We certainly hope that our 
readers can conscientiously speak a good, 
hearty word of commendation for this journal 
to their friends, and that our power to improve 
it through another year will be much in¬ 
creased. One thing Is certain, we do not in¬ 
tend to fill up the Rural with premium lists 
aud self-advertisements lor the next three 
months, whether we Increase our circulation 
or not. We are happy as we are, and teel con¬ 
fident that earnest endeavors and conspicuous 
worth will engage tho good opinion of good 
people everywuure. If for 1880 w«J can secure 
an increase in our circulation twice as great as 
was this year’s Increase over that of last, we 
shall feel entirety satisfied and we shall see to it 
that our subscribers also fully share in our 
prosperity. 
The old, old question as to whether fall or 
spriug transplanting is better, now comes up 
again to perplex all who are about to take 
their first lessons In experience. There are 
good arguments in favor of each—some 
against fall transplanting— one agaiust spring 
transplanting. We need scarcely repeat them, 
they have been told so many timcB. Let us 
say, however, if transplanting !« to be done 
this fall, do it as soon after the leaves have 
changed color as possible. Dig holes large 
enough to admit die roots without cramping 
them. Work the soil well in between the roots 
and fibers and make the soil compact, so that 
the roots shall be iu contact with the soil. 
Raise a slight motiud about the stem, and over 
this, in a circle three feet iu diameter, place 
two or three inches of straw, old manure or 
litter. Currants, Raspberries, Gooseberries 
and Grapes may be plauiod with peiicci safety 
uutil the ground freezes. 
Some time back we mentioned, with an ex¬ 
pression of incredulity, the report, of a uewly 
discovered Australian device by which cattle 
might be reduced to a condition of suspended 
animation, shipped to Europe without danger 
of putrifaction or cost, of feeding, and restored 
to life on their arrival at their destination. 
Although the process was fully described, In 
good faith, by a large number of papers, the 
London Times among them, that pride them¬ 
selves on their immunity lrom the possibility 
of being imposed upou, yet, as we expected, the 
thing lias turned out a complete hoax. We 
now learn from the buiiic land of marvels that 
wouderful things are expected from the results 
of experiments now being practiced there with 
the object of preserving meat iu the carcass by 
the injection of brine luto the blood vessels. 
A dozen years ago wo remember seeing this 
very experiment made at the beet paekeries 
ou Matagorda Ray, Texas. The fault (bat 
caused its rejection there was that, while it 
preserved the meat Bafcly enough, it did so by 
reducing it to tho hard condition of a pine plank. 
