THE CATKIN 
is also a kind of spike. It, Is the name applied to 
the drooping, scaly, flower cluster borne by the 
Birch, Poplar, Willow and other trees. 
THE HEAD 
Is a duster or sessile flowers, of which the outer 
ones expand first, lied Clover Is a well-known ex¬ 
ample. Yon will see that If we could push the 
spike together Into one globular bunch, we should 
have a head, or. If we could elongate the head, the 
result would be a spike. There Is another kind of 
head, by some authors called a capltulum, which, 
however, means the rvifcriw vw,w ww 
same thing, that Ls WU/| (o A Wj fu 
very commonly mis- | | 1 W/TT# 
taken tor a solitary u \ Y 1/ / I B 
flower. I refer to the Yi ^ 11 a 
heads of the large 'X \-cb.r^ / ft 
family of plants JJ 
known as ttwipos/Rr, 1 '. zz Jf 
Including the Asters, zz 
the Dandelion, Core- 
I opsls, and many oth- If 
era. 'J'ho shining flow- Jj 
ere are heads of flow- i>iq. 5 . 
ere as may be ascertained by picking them to 
pieces. The circle of expanded floral leaves that 
are commonly mistaken for the corolla are called 
ray-flowers and are neutral, that is, they produce 
no seed. In tig, 4 Is seen a section of such a head 
showing two of the ray-do were and one perfect 
flower with Its calyx, corolla stamens and pistils 
and a bract, standing on the reoeptacle of the 
head. The green leaves at the base of such a 
head is not a calyx, but a collection or bracts 
called an involucre. 
THE CORVMR 
Is like the raceme except tliat the lower pedicels 
are so long that, all the flowers are raised to the 
samehlgUtso as to tuna a level-topped bunch. 
This kind of inflorescence is seen in Fig 5. The 
Hawthorn Is an example. 
run ruKKi, 
ls shown In fig. c. it resembles the corymb in 
that all the flowers reach to the same flight, but 
differs from It by having the pedicels of equal 
length and all proceeding from the same point. 
The flower cluster of a Carrot ls an example of 
an umbel. 
THE PANICLE 
ls but a compound raceme, the pedicels being di¬ 
vided and subdivided several times. It ls shown 
in flg. 7. Oats and several kinds of grass are good 
examples. 
It ls noticeable that In all these forms or Indefi¬ 
nite inflorescence, the flowers begin to expand 
rtrst at the bottom of t he branch, raceme, spike, 
etc., and at the outside of the head and umbel, 
and gradually go toward the top or the middle of 
the cluster. 
The Definite Infloreweiice. 
is an arrangement of the flowers on a somewhat 
different plan from the one Just described, in this 
case, the oldest flowers are at the top Instead of at 
the bottom of the duster. The plan ls illustrated 
lnllgures; the oldest flower ls seen at a, Just on 
top of the stem, while the younger oues are on the 
outside. When the flower at a was formed, the 
stem or branch could grow no farther in that di¬ 
rection, that Is, it was then definitely settled that 
it should grow no taller. The buds just bejow the 
flower then started to grow and tho flowers b, b, 
were formed, and In like manner the buds c, c. 
African chief, two of his subjects brought a case 
before bim for judgment. The dispute was this:— 
The one had bought a piece or ground, which, 
after the purchase, was found to contain a trea¬ 
sure for which he felt himself bound to pay. The 
other refused to receive anything, stating that he 
had sold the ground with what li might be found 
to contain, apparent or concealed. Sold the chief, 
looking at the one, “ von have a souand to the 
other, “You have a daughter; let them be mar¬ 
ried, and the treasure given them as a dowry.” 
Alexander was astonished. “And what,” said the 
chief, “would have beau the decision in your coun¬ 
try ?” “ We should have dismissed t he parties and 
seized the treasure ror me king’s use.” “Anddoes 
the sun shine in your count ry?" said the chief; 
“does the rain fall there? Arc thero any cattle 
there which feed upon herbs and green grass?” 
“Certainly,” said Alexander. “Ah, "said the chief, 
“It Is for the sake of those Innocent cattle that the 
Great Being permits the sun to shine, the rain to 
fall and the grass to grow In your country.” 
CONNECTICUT AGRICULTURAL EXPERT 
MEN! STATION. 
Bulletin 33.— Oct. 7 
BOTAN ST.-NO. 3 
Ferlilizer Analyses. 
300. Decomposed fish and beef hones. Man¬ 
ufactured by the Earle Phosphate Co., Provi¬ 
dence, R. 1. Sampled and sent July 7, by It. 
S. Hinnian, Birmingham. 
SIS. Americas amwoniated superphosphate. 
313. Universal superphosphate of lime. Both 
the above were manufactured by Rafferty & 
Williams, 44th Street and East River, New York 
city. Sampled and sent August 14, by D. H. 
Vail Hoosear, East Wiltou. 
806 31“2 813 
Nitrogen... 8.92 2.33 2 41 
Sol. HlOU. Add. 6.U3 7.53 5.63 
Rev. JPhos. Acid . 4 9 ti u .95 u.98 
Ins. PhOB. Acid. 1.70 2.29 2 17 
Potash.60 2.09 LS 4 
Chlorine. 49 4 
Est. value j>er ton.$42.97 $36.02 $30.18 
Coat per ton... 60.00 (?) 33 . 00 * 28.00“ 
* In New York. 
307. Leached aslies, from stock of Nelson 
Alvord, Southport, 121 cts. per bushel of 50 lbs. 
308. Leached ashes from stock of D. Thorp, 
Southport, 14 cts. per bushel of 54 1-5 lbs.; 307 
and 308 were sampled and sent August 8 , by 
Moses Sherwood, Southport. 
309. Canada ashes from asheries about On¬ 
tario. From stock of J. A. Bill, Lyme. Sam¬ 
pled and sent August 8 , by Henry Baldwin, 
South Canterbury, 101 cts. per bushel of 58 lbs. 
301 
Moisture.... 26.88 
Char. 1.96 
fncolutile in acids. 9.83 
oxldo or iron. 1,43 
1 .lrno. 29.83 
■V lufoeelu... 3.22 
Potash. i.oo 
Soda. U6I 
Sulphuric acid. u.i.3 
Phosphoric acid. l.rjo 
Chlorine. trace 
Carh’c acid by differ’e... 23.82 
160.00 
314. Deposit from llie bottom of a pond hole. 
Sent August 11, by D. H. Van Hoosear, East 
Wilton. 
Water. . 1 . 
Organic anil Volatile.2.78 
Insoluble in ucida, baud and a little clay . 69 26 
Soluble In acids.. 3,53 
100.00 
310. New Jersey green marl. Kirkwood 
Marl and Fertilizing Co., Kirkwood, N. J. 
Dealer, Paul Thomson, West Hartford. Sam¬ 
ple received from Paul Thomson, August 25. 
Price at Hartford, $4 per ton. 
ANALYSIS. 
3IO ByA.J. 
...... yeoloyiat 
Moisture. I 6.70 1 
Combined Water. 8 ‘ :, 6 ) 
Sund (insoluble silica).18 33 > 
Silica, soluble. 26 65 j 
Oxides of iron.j‘ / 17.63 
Dime..... 243 
Magnesia. 3.12 3.54 
iobwh. 6.69 6.18 
Soda.. 
Phosphoric, acid.. 96 2->4 
Sulphuric add. , '^9 
Other matters undetermined.j A - 
106.60 160.34 
The green sand marl has long been a staple 
fertilizer and amendment in the State of New 
Jersey, where it occurs as ageologicul deposit, 
or rather as three distinct deposits (upper, 
middle and lower marl beds), which stretch 
across the State Horn the Highlands of Nave- 
sink near Sandy Hook, to the Delaware River 
below Wilmlugton, and in inauy localities ad¬ 
mits of easy excavation. Ju composition it is 
somewhat voidable, as shown by itio analyses 
above given, made on separate samples which 
were obtained quite near each oilier. If the 
value of the potash and phosphoric acid in the 
above analysis is reckoned, for the former, at 
Us lowest price, viz., 44 cts. per lb., and for 
the latter at 9 cts. per lb., tho value of reverted 
phosphoric acid, we have, in 2,000 lbs. of 310, 
no less than li t Jbs. of potash worth 85.13, 
and 18 lbs. of phosphoric acid worth $1.02, the 
total being $6.75. The same reckoning ap¬ 
plied to the other aualysis which is published 
by Professor Cook In the Annual Report of the 
State Geologist of New Jersey for 1878, p. 45, 
gives 103.0 lbs. potash worth $1.00, and 45 lbs. 
UNCLE -MARK 
Intlorcwccncc, 
in two previous lessons In botany, 1 have spoken 
01 leaves and of the flower, and 1 now propose to 
give a short talk on Inflorescence. Some or the 
cousins, 1 have no doubt, are not familiar with this 
word and they may wonder what it. means. To 
such I will say that It la derived from a Latin word 
which means to begin to blossom, and as applied 
to the science of botany It has reference to 
THE ARRANOEMENT OP l l.OWKRS ON THE STEM. 
By examining several plantB you will notice that 
ihe flowers do not all occupy the same relative 
f position on the stem, and 
that some are solitary 
while others appear In clus- 
lei’s, and thus give rise to 
great variations. The Rose, 
bears Us 
Grammar in Riivme.-- It ls seldom that, one sees 
so much valuable matter as the following lines 
contain, comprised In so brief a space. Every lit¬ 
tle grammarian just entering upon the mysteries 
or syntax, will find it highly advantageous to com¬ 
mit the “poem" to memory, as by so doing many 
a “ black mark ” will be avoided, for with these 
lines at. the tongue’s end one need never mistake 
a part of speech, 
1. Three little woriln you often 900 
Art* Arllulen— a, an, and the.. 
2. A Noun's tin? mime of anything, 
A school or yardeit, hoop, or swing. 
3. Adjectives tell tlni kind of Nouu, 
As (treat, smalt, pretty, white, or brown. 
4. 1 ustead of N< >11101 the Pronouns stand— 
Her lieud. his fare, your arm, iuy hand. 
6- Verbs tell of Boiuethiug- to be done— 
To read, eon at, winy, laugh, jani.p, or run. 
6. HoW thliiKH are done the Adverbs tell, 
As dimela, tiaicklu. ill, or well. 
7. Conjunction-* Joiu the words together— 
Am men ami women, with or whether. 
8. The proposition *daudit before 
A Noun, an in or through a door. 
9. The Interjection shows surprise, 
As oh! how pretty— ah! how wise. 
The whole are called Nine Parts ol' Speech, 
Which reading, writing, speaking loach. 
i for example, 
flowers on the ends of the 
branches, tho Geranium 
sends out Its flower cluster 
from the aide of a branch 
just above a leaf, othere 
like the clover have the 
flowers arranged in a com¬ 
pact bunch called a head, 
and still others like oats 
and many grasses bear the 
flowers in a large loose 
bunch called a panicle. 1 tla 
all these different, manners 
In which the flowers appear 
that are designated by the 
no. 1 . general term inflorescence. 
Before we proceed any further It will be necesary 
to deline a few names that yon 
must, learn before you can under- /u 
stand what is to follow. JSefisile Isa tjX) 
1 . 01 m used to designate a flower l^Q 
tliat has no stalk to support It, I 
but which ls attached directly to 
the branch; the same term Is also 
applied to a leaf that has no y 1 ** 
stalk. You will remember that 
the lesson on leaves the stalk of a \ 
leaf was called a petiole, and If /"Cn. \ 
the leaf was compound the short kj -V ^ 
stalks that supported tho leaflets ] 
were called petlolules. Now, the 
stalk of a flower ls called a jtedun- 1 
c/e, and If the peduncle IS divided 
so as to support several flowers, yp / 'u’Sn 
each individual little flowerstalk p f 
ls called a pedicel fp' flg. 2 ). Ahmet 1 \ 
Is a small leaf that grows on a \ 
peduncle (b' flg. 2). A scope ls a 
flower slalk of such plants as the \ 
Tulip or Hyacinth which have /nI 
no stem for tire leaves to grow on 
above ground; such plants are Gsgp \ 
therefore called stemless, or acau- \ ri 
lescent,. There are two classes of yV 
inflorescence, 1 st, Indefinite, 2d, * jr^ 
Definite, 
trace 
23.96 
MISCELLANEOUS ENIGMA 
composed of 75 letters. 
My 69, is, 17 , 25, 20, 21 , 09, ss Is a modern writer 
of comic paragraphs, one of which forms the 
answer to this enigma. 
My 27, 28 , 32 Is part of a musical instrument. 
My 39, 24, .it ls a pronoun. 
My o, 12 , so, is is ft girl’s name. 
My 00, 01, 70 ls a garden tool. 
My oi, oo, 29, 64, os is a disease. 
My 4, 2 , 22,10, 46 Is used by the bakers. 
My 13, 11, 9, r>, 8, 7, 20, 33, 35, 34 la a merchant. 
My 48, 03, 47, ic, 41, 24 is commendation. 
My 74, 02,75 Ls an American poet. 
My 36, 73, ofi, 07 Is a flying toy. 
My 55, 54, 58, 52, *14, 14, 49 la result. 
My is, 19, 37, l, 30, 3 Is a driver of cattle. 
My 43, 4o, 57, 5S is a plaited cloth worn round the 
neck. 
My 42, 50, 72, 71, OS is XL. 
ijr Answer In two weeks. Uncle Will. 
The type of Flo 2 » 
Imlcllnitc liiflorescenpc 
ls seen in flg. t, which represents the end of a 
branch of the Moneywort, Lyslrnachla nummu- 
larla, a trailing plant very commonly planted m 
VK Hanging baskets. It, Is culled lndofl- 
nlte because the branch, having a 
<; jfK leaf-bud at the end, continues to grow 
' jwk ou Indefinitely, developing leaves and 
vjy?. flowers In their axils (the place just 
ffl, above a leaf la called Its axil, and the 
Dow blld £ enf ' rul 'y round there ls called an 
axlll3IT lm d) as It grotvs. Flg. l also 
shows the very simplest, inflorescence 
HI 'vo can have, a ml (tar y flower, a single 
'jt * Vi V? flmcnrstn Ik*- hAiH'Inrr n alrwvln fl/Mim*. 
HIDDEN GRAINS 
1. How heat tans your skin. 
2. A cherry enticed the bird. 
3. Drink goats’ milk. 
4. I curt my lip In scorn. 
5. He shot a buck, w I Ilea told me so. 
c. I’ll be with you In a trice. 
7. Don't rob Alley. 
8. Mamma, I zealously love you. 
9. I wonder if laxatives are good. 
10 . I like to hemp pillow cases. 
11. I saw Atlio, Mhiy and Tom. 
12 . Give the cub room, Cornelia. 
13. Is Boscom ill, Kttlev 
14. With a young man. 
15. The clove rose In my throat. 
Bj?~A nswer In two weeks. Littli 
flowerstalk bearing a single flower. 
I The principal divisions of this class 
* are the raceme, t he spike, the spadix, 
the catkin, the head, the corymb, the 
umbel and the panicle, 
the raceme 
Is seen In fig. 2. You will notice that 
it Is not a single flower, but a flower 
cluster that springs from tho axil of a 
leaf; each flower is supported by a 
pedicel, and the older oues are at the 
Fig 3. bottom ot the raceme. 
TnE site a 
differs but little from the raceme (see flg. 3), the 
only difference being that here the flowers have 
no stalks. If we could remove the pedicels in flg. 
2 and attach the flowers directly to the common 
flowerstalk we should have a spike. Mullein and 
the common plantain found along road-sides fur¬ 
nish good examples of the spike. 
ILLUSTRATED REBUS 
Pik. 8 . Fig. i . 
There are comparatively few plants that flower 
on this plan, nor are the sub divisions numerous, 
the most common being 
TnE CYMK, 
which ls any flat-topped, rounded or expanded in¬ 
florescence, whether simple or compound of the 
definite class; the Dogwood and Hydrangea are 
examples. The Oi/nuile, Pa settle and Olornerule 
are other forms differing but little from the 
cyme. 
There are still other kinds that might be men¬ 
tioned but they are not common und therefore of 
litt le Importance. 
Answer in two weeks. 
How can you spell “potatoes” with one letter ? 
What has more eyes than ears? 
Answer In two weeks. w. u. i>. 
PUZZLER ANSWERS.-Oet. 11 
Hidden 1‘autm ok a Flower. 1. (.'tilyx; 2. Corolla; 
3. Petal; I. stamen ; 6. Pintu; 6. Pollen; 7. Pod; 8. Co 
tyledon; y. Capsule; lu. Petiole; 11. Pericarp; 12 . Ru 
ceme; 13. Peduncle, 14. Anther; 15. Whorl. 
Diagonal Puzzle 
will be found, to judge from the results of its 
use In New Jersey, a cheap means of improv¬ 
ing not only our very light soils, but also the 
better loams, which require constant manuring 
to maintain their fertility. 
This marl must usually be applied iu large 
quantities, several tons to the acre, iu order to 
get good results. It then forms a valuable 
amendment and a durable source of potash. 
Correction. 
In Bulletin No. 31 the cost of Lombard & 
Matthewson’a superphosphate, Station No. 
295, should be $38 instead of $40. 
8. W, JouNBQN, Director, 
N o r 1 (Iron) 
Nor i C 
A r g y 1 E 
Prlmals form “ Viennadiagonals form “ Venice.” 
Geographical Decapitations and Curtail¬ 
ments;— 
1. 8 WALE. 
2. SHAKO P. 
3. S ALE M. 
4. N AVER. 
6. SALAD O. 
6. O-SUN-A. 
Drop Letter Puzzle.— When the wicked man turn- 
eth away from his wickedness which he hath commit¬ 
ted and doeth that which is lawful and right, he shall 
A BEAUTIFUL STORY 
FIG. 4, 
THE SPAbiX 
is a form of Inflorescence much like the spike; the 
Calla ls a familiar example. Botanleally consid¬ 
ered, the large white leaf of the Calla, commonly 
called the flower, ls not the flower at all, but a 
sbeath enveloping the spadix or fleshy spike of 
flowers, 
Coi.KKiiHJE relates a story to this effect:—Alex¬ 
ander, during his march lute Africa, came to a 
people dwelling lu peaceful huts, who knew 
neither war nor conquest. Gold being offered 
him, he refused It, saying that his sole object was 
to learn the manners and customs of the inhabi¬ 
tants. “ stay with us,” said the chief, “as long as 
it pleasetli thee.” During this interview with the 
