YORKER 
he Short-horns, too, were soon after developed 
by the skillful labors of the Collings, who 
commenced to breed them in 1780, and by the 
enthusiastic efforts of their numerous imitators 
in the improvement of that breed. Nowadays 
even in the midland counties of England where 
a century ago the Long-horns were the prev ril¬ 
ing stock, they are now nearly every where re¬ 
placed by tho Short-horns and other popular 
strains. Lately, however, au attempt has been 
made to revive the interest in this fine old 
breed; a Herd Book containing the names and 
pedigrees of 386 bulls and a still larger number 
of cows has been published, and it is hoped 
that from these the breed may once more be 
widely disseminated- 
The horns from which the cattle derive their 
name, are tin usually large, sometimes project¬ 
ing nearly horizontally on both sides, often 
hanging down on both sides of the face so as 
almost to prevent the animal from grazing, or 
curving inward so as to threaten to meet before 
the muzzle, or penetrate the nose. In color the 
Long-horns are red, red-roan, blue-roan, yel¬ 
low-red. or inclining to fawn color; and some¬ 
times white in the back and belly. In size they 
are above medium, ranging in bulk and weight 
fully with theHcrefords. A few specimens have 
been imported here and thereinto this country, 
but more from motives of “ fancy ” than pro¬ 
fit, as other breeds are held to be more con¬ 
venient to handle and more remunerative. 
The two strikingly characteristic heads here 
presented, we have redrawn from the fine new 
work on Dairy Farming of our correspondent, 
J. P. Sheldon. 
a mine them for the names and prices of the 
best old standard sorts, and then purchase 
directly of those nurserymen, or of their 
regular accredited agents, and avoid high- 
priced novelties. 
Dalkympi.e. —The. Prairie Farmer says, that 
on the great Dalrymple farms in Minnesota, 
comprising a total of 20,000 acres of grain, 
115 self-biuding reapers cut 1,500 acres a day. 
In thrashing twenty steam thrashers arc em¬ 
ployed. The yield this year will be somewhere 
between 20 and 35 bushels per acre. Fifteen 
different lots and worked up, but I have not 
sufficient knowledge of the cost to enable me 
to say definitely what prices could be paid for 
the stalks stripped and brought to the mill, or 
to enable me to say exactly what price per 
gallon should be charged for the working: 
possibly it may be done for twelve cents a 
gallon, with the very best stalks in exactly the 
right condition, but there should be a fair al¬ 
lowance for profit. 
W. A. Ward—How many tons of stalks would 
you expect from an acre ? 
C. J. Reynolds—Twelve or fourteen tons I 
should consider a low estimate. Mr. Smith, a 
fanner near Corning, had a lot of stalks ho 
thought of geltiug worked up and he tried 
binding them, but they were so heavy he 
abandoned that idea. He said “ they weighed 
like pig-iron.” Few persons have a true idea 
of their great weight. 
W. A. Ward—The leaves make good green 
fodder, I suppose ? 
C. J. Reynolds—Yes. sir; tho strippings are 
all good. About the 20th or 25th of last August 
I suckered a lot and fed the green leaves to 
cattle; they ate them greedily. To get good 
sugar it is important that the stalks should not 
be frozen, but for molasses it does not hurt the 
juice if the stalks are frozen hard. Last week 
a lot of stalks was brought to us one morning 
when they were frozeu nearly 6olid. They 
were set up until afternoon and then run 
through the mill, and the juice made very fine 
molasses. Last year I cut some stalks when 
the ground was frozen—the stalks had been 
frosted a dozen times, I presume—but they 
gave a good product in molasses. It will not 
do to leave the stalks long after they are cut 
before working, for the juice at the butts be¬ 
comes oxidized and is then nearly worthless. 
Judge Balcom—When you estimate the yield 
of an acre at twelve to fourteen tons, you 
mean with the leaves and tops, I suppose ? 
C. J. Reynolds—No, sir; the stripped stalks. 
The leaves and tops should be taken off before 
the stalks are cut. The leaves can be stripped 
rapidly by striking downward with a lath. The 
inquiry is often made:—“What will a mill 
and other suitable apparatus cost ?" I may 
Bay the whole can be procured ready for work, 
of capacity enough to work up the crops of 
several farms, for about $150. 
Geo. Chamberlain—There is one trouble, that 
of ridding the ground of roots after the crop is 
taken off. 
C. J. Reynolds—That is not a serious matter 
if the stubble is left until the following spring. 
The roots run deep, it is true, but it is not a 
difficult matter to dispose of them if left as I 
have said. The crop may be exhausting to 
the soil—I suppose it is, but I do noi know. 
It should not be especially 
LONG-H ORN C ATTLE. 
Long before the now famous Short-horns had 
anything more than a circumscribed local 
reputation, the Long-horns were highly prized 
through most of the midland counties of Eng¬ 
land. To Yorkshire is generally ascribed the 
credit of baviog produced both breeds, tra¬ 
dition assigning the rich district of Craven In 
HEAD OF LONG-HORN 
the West Riding as the original home of the 
Long-horns, and the fertile alluvial tract of 
Holderness in the East Riding as that of the 
Short-horns, although some consider that 
the neighboring strip of Durham along the 
Tees, has a prior claim to this honor. Th# 
origin of the Long-horns, like that of the 
Short-horns, is a matter of conjecture, it being 
unknown whether they were imported from 
Ireland, or some foreign country, or whether 
they were locally developed by the peculiarities 
of the soil and climate of the district of Craven. 
Certaiu it is, however, that two or three cen¬ 
turies ago the long-horned cattle of this region 
had acquired a wide reputation as good beef 
animals and excellent milkers. Whether these 
merits were due to any special syBtemof breed¬ 
ing or to merely natural development is uncer¬ 
tain ; but the probabilities are in favor of the 
latter alternative. 
The earliest record extant of any systematic 
attempt to improve Long-horns dates back to 
Sir Thomas Gresley, of Burton-ou-Trent, and 
to the commencement of the eighteenth cen- 
tury. After him, in 1720, came a farmer and 
farrier, named Welby, mo6t of whose improved 
herd died of disease, thus impoverishing their 
owner. The next improver of the breed was 
a Mr. Webster, of Canley, who is said to have 
produced tlie best dairy herd in the kingdom. 
Then came the greatest of all breeders, the 
celebrated Robert Bakewell, of Dishley, Lei¬ 
cestershire. Although his fame is mainly 
founded on his great improvement in Leicester 
sheep, yet had not this been so transcendent, 
he would have become famous for his improve¬ 
ments in Long-horned cattle and in cart 
horses. During his loog life of 70 years he 
wrought a mighty change in the character of 
his herd of this breed. His improvements con¬ 
sisted mainly in the production of animals with 
a much smaller proportion of bone and offal, 
a larger one of meat, superior quality of flesh, 
earlier maturity, greater aptitude to fatten, aud 
a more symmetrical form. Moreover, they 
consumed a smaller quantity of food thau the 
unimproved breed in proportion to their size, 
but their milking qualities were considerably 
lessened. Ou this last account, while the im¬ 
proved animals become great favorites with 
the graziers, the dairymen and cottagers pre¬ 
cars of grain will be shipped per day when the 
season commences. 
THE PLANTER'S PRIDE MILL 
The economy of using ground feed is strik¬ 
ingly demonstrated in cities, where large cor¬ 
porations employing many horses invax-iably 
grind both corn and oats, and cut the hay into 
fine particles. The stock thrives apace, and 
the percentage of food consumed is smaller 
than if fed wit bout having been passed through 
the grinders. Farmers may as well desire the 
same benefits by feeding in the same manner, 
particularly as in their circumstances, they 
can extend the benefits of such a system to 
horned cattle, hogs, etc., and by so doing en¬ 
able them to lay on good flesh rapidly, which 
is both a direct and indirect profit, as they sell 
for a better price and the result is more rap¬ 
idly attained. The saving can be mathemati¬ 
cally demonstrated. If this plan is pursued it 
should be done in tho most economical man¬ 
ner, and that way is to secure a good mill that 
will do the amount of work required with the 
least expenditure of power and the smallest 
amount of wear and frictiou. 
W. A. Armstrouj 
so. The seed is not perfected, and that is 
what exhausts the land. 
Holstein Cattle. —Our occasional corres¬ 
pondent, Mr. L. S. Hardin, writes to the Lou¬ 
don Ag. Gazette as follows: 
Considering the favor with which this breed 
of cattle is being received in the dairy circles 
of this country, it strikes one at this distance 
as remarkably odd that the breed should be so 
nearly omitted from the list of dairy cattle ex¬ 
hibited at Kilburn- 
To one who stands in the neutral position 
of your correspondent it is interesting to note 
the struggle that is now being inaugurated in 
thi6 country between the liolsteins and Jerseys 
for public favor. It may be said that the Jer¬ 
seys have possession of the field In advance, 
which is practically trne, as the little cow is 
an immense favorite, and she numbers among 
her friends and advocates the largo class of 
“gentlemen farmers” who are so fond of writ¬ 
ing their experiences to the papers. This 
keeps the little Jersey constantly before tbo 
public, but gives her rather a fictitious value, 
as this class of writers is not always composed 
of the most judicious people in the world. On 
the other hand, tho Holstein is generally 
owned and baudled by meu of less means, but 
more experieuee; men who, from practical 
handling, have better ideas as to what consti¬ 
tute the real poiuts of merit in a dairy cow. 
This difference of judgment is most strongly 
marked in their choice of points to praise in 
their favorites. Each Jersey breeder gives 
long dissertations on milk veins, escutcheons, 
black points, yellow skins and solid colors. 
The Holstein writers generally confiuo them¬ 
selves to long rows of figures, showing how 
this herd made an average of 8,000 lbs., that 
one 9,000. and the other 10,000 lbs. of milk In 
a year, or an average of 350 to 450 lbs. of but¬ 
ter per cow. [Oh!] 
This kiud of writing never reads so prettily ; 
but somehow or other these figures get in the 
mouths of our dairymen, aud seem to stick 
there; so much so that the Jersey must look 
sharply to her laurels if she hopes to retain 
them. 
About Selecting Trees.— The Country 
Gentleman says that if people neglect to in¬ 
form themselves In rcl ttion to the most desir¬ 
able sorts, and the prices to pay for them, 
they iuvite imposition and extortion. The best 
thing to do, now that the purchasing season is 
approaching, is to order at once tho catalogues 
of the principal nurserymen, and then to ex- 
tlurdling off Farm Crops. 
Professor Stewart's article on Mutton and 
Wool in the Rural for Oct. 11 is thoroughly 
practical and truthful. The remarks on the 
movable lmrdlc feuce are good, and it would 
be no small benefit to farmers if they would 
use such fences with sheep while eating off 
root crops, as well as various other farm 
crops, 6ueh as clover, rye, rape, etc. Iron 
hurdles on wheels are coming largely into use 
in England, and if a movable shed also could 
be devised to give shade iu summer and shelter 
in auturnu and early spring weather, the fold¬ 
ing of sheep would be more economical than 
the homestead soiling system. Having been 
700 pounds and requiring a space on the floor of 
only 28x40 inches. The buhrs are 18 inches in 
diameter, and are banded, faced, furrowed and 
put iu perfect balance. The bed stone is 
cemented in the front half of the hoop or case, 
which is held iu position by bolts passing 
through rubber springs, which yield when any 
hard substance passes iu with the grain, thus 
preventing breakage. 
The spindle is uiade of tho best quality of 
machinery steel with extr&~long Babbit-metal, 
bearings and large oil cups with hinged covers, 
and is also provided with a relief coil spring 
by which the runner stone is drawn back from 
contact with the bed stone, when it is desired 
to stop the feed. The driving pulley is 12 
inches in diameter. 7 inches face, and the mi.l 
should be run at from 400 to 600 revolutions 
per minute, requiring from three to six horse 
power. The capacity is from 10 to 20 bushels 
of corn, and 15 to 30 bushels of feed per hour. 
The mill is ueatly finished, painted and var¬ 
nished, and loaded on tho cars at the works, 
free of charge. The tie or fastening bolts are 
sent with each mill, and it is only necessary to 
bolt it down, attach the belt, and straightway 
the mill is ready for business. 
head of long-horn 
ferred the old sort, which gave a large mess ot 
rich milk, and took on fat not unkindly when 
turned off for the butcher. 
After Bakcwell’s death,in 1795, the character 
of tho Dishley Long-horns is said to have 
deteriorated somewhat in the hands of his suc¬ 
cessors who lacked his extraordinary skill, 
sagacity and experieuee. The great merits of 
raised and having afterwards farmed in the 
greatest sheep district iu England, where 
there were thousands of sheep iu every parish 
around me, I am fully acquainted with the 
extraordinary benefits derivable from sheep 
liusbaudry conducted extensively during a 
great part of the year on the system of hur¬ 
dling off the crops, Sheep Farmer. 
