NOV. 4S 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
“ You may go!” repeated Jean, haughtily; and, 
with a slight inclination ot her head, the house¬ 
keeper was turning away, when Mr. Blair’s voice 
det ained her. 
“ Wait one moment, Mrs. Brett.” he said. “Will 
you he good enough to give orders to have Blair 
Gates ready for company? I intend to All the 
house from garret to Basement for tho New Year. 
I can depend upon you, of course?” 
“Certainly, sir,” answered the housekeeper, with 
another slight Inclination of the head, “is there 
anything else?” 
“Not at present. Mrs. Blair will give you any 
further directions.” 
With a slight curtsey, Emily Brett turned to 
leave the room, and when she had reached the 
hall an expression ot the deepest hatred and dis¬ 
like crossed her beautlrul lace, and, turning, she 
shook her linger at the closed door In warning or 
menace. 
“ She hates him,” she said, slowly. “ she hates 
him even as 1 hate him. Ah! no, she cannot do 
that, for she never loved him as 1 did! But she 
wishes him dead; I heard her say so, and 1 shall 
not forget tho words—‘I sUciild rejoice to see you 
dead at my feet! I would kill you If I could 
These are the words she used, and I shall not for¬ 
get them .”—To be continuer!,. 
- 
FACTS ABOUT PHILATELY. 
fKAKK.Ul.V. 
v.—t nrietiog of Paper, etc*. 
To those who have never studied Philately It may 
seem surprising that the paper on which stamps 
are printed should he one of the lacts about them 
to be noticed, but some stamps show such Interest¬ 
ing peculiarities ot this kind, that few branches of 
the science have more attractions for the alien five 
Philatelist, and many make a specialty of 1L 
Stamps printed on colored paper are of frequentoc- 
currence among the issues ot some countries, and 
this sometimes enhances the effect by a pleasing 
contrast. Almost every conceivable shade is found 
among these varieties, the 3-cents Sarawak re¬ 
ceipt stamp which is printed in black on gray 
paper being a curious though hardly a handsome 
example. Again: the paper may be printed over 
with a pattern of some kind before the stamp is 
impressed. Where this is of the same color as the 
stamp it may be confounded with t he subsequent 
Impression, but It can be distinguished when found 
to show slight variations la different specimens. 
In some Instances stamps are found with Inverted 
groundwork, caused by the printer’s taking up the 
sheet by the wrong end. The postage stamps 
Issued by the German authorities during their 
occupation of French provinces (usually called the 
Alsace and Loralno stamps, although the correct¬ 
ness of the name Is veiy questionable) are tho 
most celebrated Instance ot this, and command 
quite fancy prices; but 1 hardly think they deserve 
collection, being ot course accidental. The ground¬ 
work Is olteji of a different color from the stamp, 
and in such cases the latter Is frequently black. 
r l in? United states Tobacco and cigar stamps have 
been printed on mottled paper, and the postage 
and fiscal stamps of Brazil on chemical paper. °a 
lew postage stamps occur on paper crossed by 
colored silk threads having a doiinlte arrange¬ 
ment, and a large proportion of the revenues of The 
l ulled States aic or have been printed on paper 
containing libera of colored silk. 
lustauces occur in which stamps have been 
printed on other materials than paper. Gold¬ 
beaters' skin was used for this purpose by Prussia; 
several varieties or irmtedSUitcs Tobacco stamps 
exist ou liu foil; and it still more curious instance 
is the extremely rare Cotton stamp issued In this 
country in isro. Itconsistsol a thin arrow-shaped 
brass strip ten inches long which bears the in¬ 
scription. 
.Many of tire varieties of paper described have 
been adopted as safeguards against counterfeit¬ 
ing, and mere lssilll another very effectual method 
—watermarkedpaper. The watermark is produced 
when the paper is being made, and appears nearly 
transparent when the stamp is held between tho 
eye and a light. Though no very elaborate de¬ 
signs can be produced wlch sumclent distinct¬ 
ness by this process, some ot those which have 
heen used are quite handsome. 
A few instances may be mentioned m which the 
backs ot stamps have been impressed either 
with a single numeral or a more or less elaborate 
pattern, which being covered with the gum would 
only appear after the stamp had been used. Many 
persons mtght be entirely ignorant of its existence, 
and the genuine stvmpj could thus be distin¬ 
guished by the onicials rrom Imitations. The 
“ Contribution Federal" (Federal CoutribuUon) 
stamps of Mexico are numbered consecutively 
like bank notes, the numbering however being on 
the back. In so ne lustauces the gum used 
on the stamps has been peculiar, and this should 
or course he noticed. 
' 1.—The Separation or Stamps. 
Various ways have been adopted for facilitating 
the sepai atlon ot stamps and sometimes (purtlcu- 
larb r among old Issues) the method has been left 
entirely to the purchaser. The first advance on 
an unperlorated stamp is one which Is issued 
pierced. Rouretting and hole-perforation exhibit 
further Improvements, and in addition to these a 
few stamps are found pierced on colored lines or 
in parallel lines. These varieties may properly ba 
collected by advanced Philatelists, but it, would 
not be advisable for the beginner to attempt ihe 
eollectlon of any except perforated and unperfora¬ 
ted. In a fow Instances tha stamps have been cut 
out with a die; the star-shaped -i-cent. Proprietary 
stump of J. C. Ayer & Co., being perhaps, the most 
remarkable example. 
Vll.-Wbal Varieties Should he Collected. 
The tendency among Philatelists seems now to 
bo to coUect everything that may be construed 
into being a variety, but l believe a little modera¬ 
tion in this particular will be advisable, unless 
the collector has an Inexhaustible purse to draw 
on. I will then state my own views on tho sub¬ 
ject, observing, however, that if the reader will 
consult a dozen Philatelists lie may expect just 
one dozen different answers. 
The nrst suggestion r would make Is that when 
the inscriptions on a stamp are type-act errors of 
spelling, they are undeserving of collection. Many 
stamps have been re-engraved, and In other in¬ 
stances several varieties ooenr in tho same sheet. 
As ilieae are presumably accidental, I would not 
recommend their collection unless very noticeable. 
Tho colors of stamps vary somewhat, and if a very 
light and a very dark specimen cau be secured, it 
will add considerably to the Interest of a collec¬ 
tion. Where the difference In color Is so marked 
as to be presumably an intentional change, the 
varieties produced are essential. 
Varieties of watermark may Interest some Phi¬ 
latelists, hut should be disregarded by beginners. 
Surcharged stamps frequently show varieties of 
type and color In these Inscriptions; and I am In¬ 
clined to recommend their collection. The reve¬ 
nue stamps of Peru surcharged with the mimes 
of the towns In which they are used present an¬ 
other debatable point. Should allot uiese varie¬ 
ties be collected? The supply of these stamps is 
so Jlmltod, that the collection of all the surcharges 
Is nearly or quite Impossible, and for this reason, 
if for no other, soems to me inexpedient. 
The collection of varieties Is carried to the great¬ 
est extreme by those who make stamped envelopes 
theJr specialty, some oven accepting the varieties 
of watermark, quality of paper, size or envelope 
and shape of flap. To me these scern trivial; their 
collection Is expensive, and they usually divert the 
Philatelist from more valuable researches. The 
beginner will find that, the design and color of the 
stamp, and the color of the paper, offer an ample 
field for study. 
VIII.—Essays and Proofs. 
Essays and proofs are varieties never issued to 
the public. Though not without value as aids to 
a comprehensive study of Philately, they should 
be regarded by the beginner, ir he accepts them at 
all, merely as curiosities. They never possessed 
an Intrinsic value, and lacking this essential attri¬ 
bute of a stamp, only exemplify the Ideas and ex¬ 
periments of engravers and printers. Stamps 
sometimes occur with the word “specimen” 
printed on them. The i nlied states official 
stamps are all sold in this condition to collectors 
foolish enough to pay face value lor them, as 
they could never be used lor postage, they are no 
more iXtslaqe .stomps than a collection of counter¬ 
feits would be stamps which have become rare 
have often been reprinted, but as tho philatelic 
value of these is very much Inferior lo that of 
original Impressions, they should not he accepted 
when the latter are attainable. Iu a future article, 
I will make a few practical suggestions relative 
to the arranging and mounting of stamps, the 
detection of counterfeits, Ac. 
-- t -- 
SPLITTING PAPER. 
It is one ot the most remarkable properties of 
that wonderful product, paper, that It. can be split 
into two or even three parts, however thin the 
sheet. We have seen a leaf ot the illustrated News 
thus divided Into three parts, or three thin leaves. 
One consisted or the surface on which the engrav¬ 
ings are pruned; another was the side containing 
the letter press, and a perfectly blank piece on 
each Side was the paper that lay between. Many 
people who have not seen inis done might UUnk it 
impossible; yet it is not only possible but extreme¬ 
ly easy, as wo shall show. 
Cict a piece- ot plate glass and place on it a sheet 
of paper; then let the latter be thoroughly soaked. 
With care and a little dcxlcruy the sheet can be 
split by the top surface being removed. But the 
best plan Is Lo paste a piece of doth or strung pa¬ 
per to each side of tho sheet to be split. When 
dry, violently and without hesitation pull the two 
pieces asunder, when part of the sheet will be 
found lo have adhered to one and part to the other. 
Sorien the paste in water and the pieces can be 
easily removed from the cloth. 
The process Is generally demonstrated as a mat¬ 
ter of curiosity, yet It can bo utilized in various 
ways. If we want to paste hi a scrap book a news¬ 
paper anIcle printed on both sides of the paper, 
and possess only one copy, it Is very convenient lo 
know how to detach the one side from the other. 
Tho paper when spill, as may be imagined, Is more 
transparent than it was before being subjected to 
the operation, and the piloting Ink is somewhat 
duller; otherwise the two pieces present the ap¬ 
pearance of the original lr again brought together. 
Some time ago the information or how to do Hits 
splitting was advertised to be sold for a considera¬ 
ble sum. We now Impart it to all our readers gra¬ 
tuitously.— Design ami work. 
—--- 
THE TRUE STORY OF “ ROBIN ADAIR.” 
The hero of “ Robiu Adair” was well known in 
the London fashionable circles of the last century 
by the sobriquet of the •• Fortunate Irishman;” 
hut his parentage and the exact place of lus birth 
aro unknown, tie was brought up as a surgeon, 
but **• his detection In an early amour drove him 
precipitately from Dublin,” to push JUs routines i n 
England. Scarcely had he crossed the Channel 
when the ckiin of lucky events that ultimately 
led him to lame and fortune commenced. Near 
Holyhead, perceiving a carriage overturned, he 
ran iu render assistance. The sole occupant of 
the vehicle was a “lady of fasniou, wcllknovvniu 
polite circles,” who received Adair’s attentions 
with thanks, aud, being lightly hurt, and hearing 
that ho was a surgeon, requested him to travel 
with her iu her carriage to London, on their ar- 
rival la the metropolis she presented him with a 
lee of toa guineas, and gave him a general luvlta- 
llcn to hoi house, in alter life Atlalr used to say 
that It was not so much t he amount or tho fee, but 
the lime It was given, that was of service to him, 
as he was then almost destitute. But tho invita¬ 
tion to her house was a still greater service, for 
there he met the person who decided his fate in 
life. This was Lady Caroline Keppel. daughter of 
the second Earl of Albemarle and of Lady Anne 
Lennox, daughter of the nrst Duke of Richmond. 
Forgetting her high lineage, Lady Caroline, at tho 
first sight of tho Irish surgeon, fell desperately in 
love, with him. and her emotions were so sudden 
and violent as to attract the general a Item ion of 
the company. Adair, seeing his advantage, lost no 
time in pursuing It; while the Albemarle and Rich¬ 
mond families were dismayed at the prospect of 
such a terrible nuvn.ltlance. Every means were 
tried to induce the young lady to alur her mind, 
but without effect. Adair s biographer tells us 
that “ amusements," along journey, an advanta¬ 
geous Offer, and other common modes of shaking 
off what was considered by the family an Im¬ 
proper match, were already tried, but In vain. 
The health or I-ady Caroline was evidently im¬ 
paired, and tho family at last confessed, with a 
good sense that! reflects honor on their under¬ 
standing as well as their hearts, that it was pos¬ 
sible to prevent, but never io dissolve an attach¬ 
ment ; and that marriage was the honorable and, 
indeed the only alternative to secure her happi¬ 
ness and life. When r.udy Caroline was taken by 
her friends from London to Bath, that she might 
be separated from her lover, she wrote, It is said, 
the song of “ Robert Adair,” and set It to a plain¬ 
tive Irish tune that she had keanl him sing. 
Whether written by Lady Caroline or not, the 
song is simply expressive ot her reelings at the 
time, and as it completely corroborates the cir¬ 
cumstances Just related, which were the town 
talk of the period, though now little more than 
family tradition, there can he no doubt that they 
were the origin of the song.—.Yew castle cowant. 
What’s this dull town to me ? 
Robin's uot near, 
What was 1 1 wish’d to see ? 
What wish’d to hear? 
Where’s all the joy and mirth. 
Abide thio town a heaven on earth ? 
Oh! they’re all fled with thee, 
Robiu Adair. 
What made th' assembly shine ? 
Robiu Adair. 
What made the ball so fine ? 
Robin was there. 
What,—when tho play was o’er 
What made my heart so sore ? 
Oh ! it was parting with 
Robin Adair. 
But uow thou'rt cold to me, 
Robin Adair. 
But uow thou’rt cold to me, 
Robiu Adair, 
Yet he I loved so well 
Still in my heart shall dwell. 
Oh ! I can ne’er forget 
Robiu Adair- 
-- - . 
Fa iky Pipes. It has lor some time been a mat¬ 
ter ot dispute amongst antiquaries whether the 
custom of tobacco-smoking originated iu the East¬ 
ern or (he Western continent; but ot late years 
America has been generally accepted as the birtn- 
place of the art. The discovery, however, of large 
numbers ot pipes, apparently or considerable age-, 
lu Great Britain and various parts of the Conti¬ 
nent, has recently given rise to now and extrava¬ 
gant conjectures as to the antiquity of the tobac¬ 
co-pipe la Europe, and a certain class or archmoio- 
gists have arrived at the conclusion that the luxury 
or the pipe was known lo the Inhabitants of the 
old W orld, long before the discovery or ihe New. 
Tobacco-pipes of clay, exceedingly diminutive in 
size, have beeu found m great numbers lu tho 
British Islands. Tn England these are popularly 
termed “Fairy Pipes;” in Scotland they are 
known as ” Keltic” or “liltln Pipes,” whilst lu 
Ireland they arc called by the peasantry “Dane's 
Pipes.” They are also designated in different parts 
of Uie kingdom by the names of “ Mab Pipes,” 
“Old Man's Pipes” and -Cart’s Pipes.” nish 
legends attribute them to the fairy' dwarfs, and in 
certain lDcalttles where pipes aro particularly 
abundant, Uiese mischievous little men are be. 
Ueved to have used them In smoking on restive 
occasions. 
The Fairy Pipes of Ireland, illustrate probably, 
the most ancient roim of pipe lound tn the British 
Islands. It Is difficult to assign positive dates to 
them, though some of the earliest have the names 
of their makers stamped upon them, 't he mode 
ot using tobacco In those days rendered Uie con¬ 
tents of the smallest of these. Fairy Pipes a. sum¬ 
clent dose. This method has been described by an 
old writer, Oviedo, who visited America shortly 
after its discovery by Colunbos, and who wrote a 
book which was published in Spain In ij-JO. Re 
says: •*The Caciques ami principal men hvve 
small hollow Slicks about a span long and as thick 
as the Ultlc fiugvr. They are forked but both 
forks and staffs are of t he same piece. The fork 
ends arc Inserted in the nostrils and the other end 
is applied to burning tobacco leaves which are 
rolled tip m the rorm ot postils. The men tie u 
inhale the smoke till they fall down in a state ot 
stupor. In which they renntnas it intoxicated, tor 
a considerable time. Such of the Indians as can¬ 
not procure u forked slick, use a reed or hollow 
cane tor the purpose of Inhaling the smokc.-dnrer- 
Ican Autfqtiarmn. 
Ai.rsi NOT Am, owed tx English Bread.—G eorge 
Alien, baker, of Walsall, was summoned at the 
iustauoc of Mr. C. W, Stephens, sanitary Inspector, 
for selling an article of food not compounded of the 
ingredients demanded, and also tor selling bread 
contain lug alum, so as to be Injurious to health. 
The Inspector stated that ho purchased a two- 
pound io If at i he shop of defendant, and forwarded 
it to Mr. E. W. r. Jones, the borough analyst-, 
whose certificate ot analysis ho produced. The 
certificate showed that the loaf was adulterated 
with alma lu the proportion ot so grains to the 
four-pound loaf, and thut such adulteration would 
tend to render the bread Indigestible. Dr. J. Mae- 
laclilar, medical officer of health, gave it, as his 
opinion i fiat the quantity of alum staled would bo 
>43 
likely to make bread In j tirious to health. Address¬ 
ing the bench for the defence, Mr. Nanson said he 
did not dispute that there was alum in the loaf, 
but he urged that none was put in by defendant 
or at his establishment, and that tho finur was 
used just as li, cattle from the miller, ’j fie bench, 
after hearing the defeuctant, considered tho case 
proved, and imposed a fine of £5 and costs on the 
first summons, the other being withdrawn. The 
fine and costs amounted to £7.1 is. 
■- 
MAGAZINES. 
Arrr.ETOxs’ Jockxai, koh Xovkmiikk:— 1 The City 
or Antwerp, by the Rev j. n. tmuingeil; otway; 
The Seamy side, by Walter Besant and James 
Rice, Chapters XIX lo XXI; Two Men ot Letters, 
Charles Lever and Tkeophile Gautier, by George 
Satntsburj ; Vivian the Beamy, by Mrs. Annie 
Edwardess, Chapters X to XIII; The Malakant, 
Spiritual Christians In Eastern Russia, by 
G. M. Asher; A Walk In a Wood, by Anthony 
Trollope; Memoirs ot Madame do Remusut; 
Editor’s Table: Is Pomp Popular? An Ancient 
Imposter; American Fiction; Mr. Froude on 
Aristocracy; Books of tho Day; Johnston's His¬ 
tory of American Politics; stiekncy's A True Re¬ 
public; Studies of Paris, by Ediuundo de Amicls; 
The Value of Lite; A Reply to Mullock's; Is Life 
Worth Living? Korley's Burke; Greene’s Russian 
Army ; Haworth’s; Webster's Great Speeches and 
Orations; Zola’s Rougon-Macquart Family and 
conquest of I’lassans; Leland's, .Abraham Lin¬ 
coln. 
MR. FROUDE ON ARISTOCRACY. 
lx all nations which have achieved any kind ot 
eminence, particular families have stood out con¬ 
spicuously for generation after generation as repre¬ 
sentatives of political principles, as soldiers or 
statesmen, as ruling lu their Lmmediate neighbor¬ 
hoods wl‘h delegated authority, and receiving 
homage 'voluntarily o ffered. They have furnished 
the finer tissues in the corporate body of the na¬ 
tional life, and have given to society its unity aud 
coherence. 
Hitherto no nation has been able to sustain it¬ 
self in a front place without an aristocracy ot some 
kind maintained as the hereditary principle. So 
far the answer of history Is uniform. The United 
States may inaugurate a new experience, with 
the one exception of tho Adamses, the great men 
who have shown as yet La American history have 
left no representatives to stand at present. In the 
front political ranks. There are no Washingtons, 
no Franklins, no Jeffersons. no Clays or Randolphs 
now governing ,'iuites or leading debates in Con¬ 
gress. How long this will continue, how long the 
determlnalton that all men shall start equal In the 
race of life will prevail against the Instinctive 
tendencies ot successful men to perpetuate their 
names, Is the most Interesting of political prob¬ 
lems. The American nationality 13 as yet too 
young for conclusions to be built on what it has 
done hitherto or has forborne to do. We shall 
know better two centuries hence whether equality 
and the ballot-box provide better leaders for a 
people than the old methods of blrtli and training. 
This la the language or Mr. Froude in au article 
In the-September number of “Fraser.” It would 
be curious to compare with this statement a his¬ 
tory In detail of the aristocratic families of tho 
European monarchies. It civilization has ad¬ 
vanced : If legislation is wiser to-day than it was 
in the past; it justice Is more uniformly adminis¬ 
tered ; If, as a w hole, right Ideas ot government 
have superseded wrung Ideas of government; If 
life and properly aro more secure; If personal lib¬ 
erty Is better guaranteed how than tormerly; if 
despotic rale lias yielded to the authority ot law ; 
It there are rights, privileges, protection, security, 
I legal safeguards, religious liberty, social advance¬ 
ment—If la all these ihlngs the nations of to day 
are better off than the cations of the past, how 
much, of all these beneficent results do we owe to 
those aristocratic leaders whom Mr. Froude thinks 
so indispensable for our prosperity and eminence ? 
Wc apprehend that a close examination ot his¬ 
tory would show that pretty nearly all the modem 
world has accomplished iu political advancement, 
and reform has been won directly in the face of 
great hereditary minifies, ir. is no doubt true that 
the great families have produced a few statesmen 
who have struggled to arrest tho exerclso of 
despotic power on the part ot sovereigns, but as a 
rule family leaders have not been readers ot the 
people beyond t heirown tenantry, have not identi¬ 
fied themselves wi:u necessary reforms, have done 
Utile to secure for the world those precious 
boons ot relicious and political liberty which Eng¬ 
land now enjoys. Tho great families have done 
some good, however, fi heir conservative iulluenee 
has at times been nsefal; they have doubtless 
Checked disorder and prevented unwise haste, and 
contributed a good deal to the social balance and 
well being of society; but. when Mr. Froude de¬ 
clares them necessary to the achievement if na¬ 
tional eminence, one can hut. wonder that before 
writing that sentence he did not east his eyes 
backward. The aristocracy lias contributed us 
share to w-arllko eminence, but everything really' 
groat tn Mr. Frotldes beloved England has come of 
the commonalty: the grand energy that has car¬ 
ried Its ships to every sea. that has peopled vast 
colonies, that has built up the greatest industries 
the world has ever seen; the resolute and turbu¬ 
lent spirit that has conquered ihe right ot free 
government; the righteous forces that have made 
its Jurisprudence respected aud studied by all 
mankind; its superb and copious literature iu 
every department of thought-all these things are 
products ot energies that have found very little 
support in the hereditary Influence of great Mini¬ 
fies. It Mr. Fronde argues that an h£redli:n> 
aristocracy Is Indispensable to the conservative 
order and permanent 0 chare of nations. It may 
not be easy to gainsay film ; but it seems to us ob¬ 
vious that the forces which give eminence toa 
community iu ail worthy things are the energies 
of tho people rather than the restrictive tenden¬ 
cies ot a cautious aMstocracy.-A’ywmi&er ippte. 
tons' journal, 
