A Historical Sketch of Fish-culture. 
97 
carp and perch. Now, of course, it has, with Alsace, become 
the property of Germany, and though still in operation is 
said to have already become “antiquated.” 
Thus fairly introduced, scientific Fish-culture has made 
rapid strides in Europe during the last forty or fifty years. 
Not every government, however, takes part in it, though 
several of them subsidize piscicultural institutions. 
The Deutsche Fischerei Verciti , the leading association of 
its kind in Europe, receives a subsidy of about $12,500 
from the Imperial Government, which, however, does not 
interfere in its work. It has headquarters at Kiel, and 
associated with it is a Commission for the study of fish in 
German waters. There are many private hatcheries in Ger¬ 
many: one in particular, near Freiburg, has a capacity 
of 8,000,000 trout-eggs, and there is another in Bavaria 
which can hatch 4,000,000. 
The Society for the Development of Norwegian Fisheries is 
independent of its government, though it annually receives 
$58,000 therefrom. As I have already said, Norway’s was 
the first government to introduce Jacobi’s method among 
its people in 1850, and ever since that time the country 
has been a leading one in Fish-culture and in all works 
for the improvement of its fisheries. At Arendal is one 
of the largest salt-water hatcheries in the world, and here 
200,000,000 cod-fry were liberated in 1891. The cod and 
herring-fisheries are very important in Norway. 
The Netherlands Commission of Sea-Fisheries is a body of 
scientists founded in 1870, about which time oyster-culture 
began to be actively practised in the Zuyder Zee. The 
Dutch government makes a small annual grant for the 
planting of salmon in the Rhine. 
In Switzerland almost every Canton has one or two 
hatcheries, and sometimes several. 
In Italy there is a large hatchery at Brescia. 
In France there are five government hatcheries, besides 
many private ones: an important one among the latter is 
the subsidized hatchery for shad at St. Pierre-les-Elbeuf in 
Normandy, situated upon the Seine. 
