i oo Proceedings of the Newport Natural History Society. 
waters might have been checked, at least in the interest 
of public health if not in that of the fish, for it has been 
truly said that “a river which is too foul for fish is not 
fit to flow by human dwellings.” But the evil had hap¬ 
pened, and it was for the people to remedy it in the best 
manner they could. So Fish-culture and legislation were 
summoned to their aid. 
The first “fish-farm,” as it was called, in the United 
States is said to have been established at Cleveland, Ohio, 
in 1851, especially for the application of Jacobi's method 
to trout. Although this date is generally accepted as that 
of the beginning of Fish-culture in this country, it is related 
that the very first experiments in Artificial Fertilization 
were tried by a boy as early as 1804. This boy must have 
been reading of the work of Jacobi, who had correspond¬ 
ents in the American Colonies as early as 1770. He grew 
up to be the Rev. Dr. John Bachman, of Charleston, S. C., 
a collaborateur of Audubon, and in 1855 he related to the 
Agricultural Society of his native State his experiments of 
half a century before. 
In 1859 Mr. Stephen H. Ainsworth set up a large 
hatchery at West Bloomfield, New York. He was the in¬ 
ventor of “Ainsworth’s Race” which was a device for col¬ 
lecting the natural spawn of trout for artificial hatching, 
and which he generously refused to patent. 
The famous Seth Green, “the most extensive of practi¬ 
cal American pisciculturists, and the best fly-fisherman in 
the United States,” was a frequent visitor at Ainsworth’s. 
Mr. Green had been engaged in observing fish and their 
spawning-habits since 1838, four years before Remy’s in¬ 
vestigations. He had studied M. Coste’s account of the 
establishment at Hiiningen, and in 1864 he established at 
Caledonia Creek, Mumford, N. Y., what was at that time 
the largest and most interesting “fish-farm ” in the country. 
He soon became recognized as the leader in his profession. 
This hatchery, (which in 1868, I believe, became a State 
institution of New York,) was long accustomed to distribute 
