A Historical Sketch of Fish-culture. 103 
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species of economic value should be understood from begin¬ 
ning to end, but no less requisite is it to know the histories 
of the animals and plants upon which they feed, or upon 
which their food is nourished; the histories of their enemies 
and friends, and of the friends and foes of their enemies 
and friends, as well as the currents, temperatures, and other 
ph vsical phenomena of the waters in relation to migration, 
reproduction and growth.” Second, to study methods and 
apparatus used by fishermen at the present and in former 
times, at home and abroad; to suppress destructive methods 
at home, and to introduce the use of better ones; to exam¬ 
ine the statistics of fisheries of all kinds. Third, to introduce 
and multiply useful species of food-fish throughout the 
country — not only our native fish, but desirable foreign 
species—wherever they may prove beneficial. 
The Commission has steamers of its own (sometimes to 
be seen in Newport Harbor), both for coastwise and deep- 
sea service, and special railway cars, fitted with refrigerating 
apparatus and other conveniences for the transportation of 
eggs and live fish, and many of our railways will transport 
these cars free of charge, or at reduced rates, even to the 
most distant points. 
The Commission possesses some twenty hatcheries, scat¬ 
tered all over the country at places where they will be most 
effective. Some of the most noteworthy among these are: 
at Grand Lake, Maine, for the propagation and distribution 
of landlocked salmon; at Craig Brook, near Bucksport, 
Maine, for Atlantic salmon, California salmon and white- 
fish, to be planted in the waters of that State; at Havre 
de Grace, Maryland, for shad, to be placed in the Susque¬ 
hanna; at Wvtheville, Virginia, for brook-trout and rainbow 
trout; at St. Jerome’s Creek, Maryland, for the cultivation 
of oysters and of the Spanish mackerel; at Northville, Michi¬ 
gan, having a capacity for 500,000,000 eggs of the white-fish, 
besides those of brook-trout, lake-trout and wall-eyed pike; 
Baird Station on the McCloud River, California, for the rearing 
of quinnat or California salmon and sending them all over 
