NEOLITHIC SITES IN UPPER VALLEY OF ESSEX CAM. 57 
been able to examine, it would seem possible that the Cam Valley 
specimens are of an earlier and ruder culture than Mr. Warren’s 
earlier series and may be provisionally classified as from, say 
(9)38 to (9)45 of his sequence-dates. 
Mr. W. G. Clarke, in a paper delivered at Norwich in 1906 
(8), makes a preliminary classification of Norfolk Neolithic 
Implements, which may serve in making a comparison with 
those of Essex. He recognizes the following divisions :— 
1. Early Neolithic or Cissbury Type. 
2. Intermediate Neolithic, or those typical of the heavier 
lands of the county where. Boulder Clay is the sub-soil. 
3. Late Neolithic, or those from the lighter lands and sandy 
sites. 
4. Those of flint and other stones that have been polished 
or are of igneous rock. 
This classification is rather artificial, especially in placing 
polished implements in a separate class, though probably the 
number and technique of polished specimens increase in chrono¬ 
logical sequence. In a subsequent paper, read to the Pre-his- 
toric Society of East Anglia (9), Mr. Clarke merges his Inter¬ 
mediate and Late Neolithic into one series, but the present 
writer feels that the conception of an intermediate series may 
well be retained provisionally, especially as the description of 
this series corresponds very well with the type of artifacts found 
in the Cam Valley. 
Mr. Clarke says :—“ As may be expected, the implements 
are, as a rule, poor in design, and their variety is limited. From 
Norfolk specimens in various collections the chief varieties appear 
to be axes of the rudest type but with well-worked cutting edges ; 
hollow scrapers somewhat irregularly worked and occasionally 
right-angled instead of concave ; pointed implements probably 
used as borers, awls or drills ; rough fabricators ; single-edge 
flake knives ; square-ended, oval and thumb-nail scrapers ; 
diseoidal implements ; implements of irregular shape, with one 
end chipped and a working edge, and a number of nondescript 
implements worked all round for which no definite use can be 
assigned. A typical form of implement is a nodule broken in 
halves, with a crust left on except at one end, where the chipping, 
although covering only a small portion of the implement, is often 
very delicate.” 
