38 
SPERMATOGENESIS OP NORMAL 
possible that the phenomena may indicate a precocious division 
of the secondary spermatocytes; that is, it seems as if the divis¬ 
ions of both the primary and secondary spermatocytes have 
been crowded into one period. In the second case, which is the 
more usual, it appears rather that a synapsis or pseudo-reduc¬ 
tion has not occurred and that the chromosomes have retained 
their univalent character and remained in two groups, each with 
a separate spindle. More rarely both large and small chromo¬ 
somes appear on one or both of these spindles. 
What has just been said regarding the chromatin arrange¬ 
ment where two separate spindles occur is equally applicable 
to the multipolar forms, only there is generally more variation 
in the size of the chromosomes. In a tripolar type like Fig. 
28, the chromosomes are commonly of small size and are numer¬ 
ous. Fig. 32'shows the result of a division by means of a tri¬ 
polar spindle; the three nuclei are passing into a resting condi¬ 
tion. 
Fig. 31 shows a quadripolar type that is occasionally found. 
In a very few instances two nuclei were present in the primary 
spermatocyte and it seems probable that such cells in division 
give rise to the multipolar spindles bearing an excessive amount 
of chromatin which are sometimes seen. 
Fig. 37 represents a case in which each fiber of the unusually 
loose spindle seems tO' terminate at one end in a small centro- 
some-like dot or granule. Fig. 38 shows a tripolar spindle, 
possibly of a secondary spermatocyte, where there is much 
variation in the size of the chromosomes. 
An asymmetrical distribution of chromatin results of course 
in some cases where the division is by multipolar spindles, but 
in addition to this there is very frequently an unequal division 
of the chromosomes themselves. This occurs as often where 
the spindle is single as in any other case. In dividing, perhaps 
one quarter of a chromosome will go to one pole and the other 
three quarters to the opposite pole as seen to the left in Fig. 
33; or the division may be such that a portion of the chromatin 
is cut out entirely and left behind in the cytoplasm as repre¬ 
sented to the right in the same figure. Then again, and more 
especially in the secondary spermatocytes, one of the chromo¬ 
somes may be very minute (Fig. 34) as if part of its material had 
