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in 1853 by the London Zoological Gardens; and though not as 
large as others since founded, it has been of efficient service to 
the cause of science as well as to education. Other aquaria were 
soon established in the Surrey Zoological Gardens and in Dublin. 
As soon as it was found that, by aerating the water or by properly 
adjusting aquatic plants, no great labor was needed to keep marine 
and fresh water animals alive and healthy, public aquaria were 
begun in many towns of Europe—Belfast, Galway, Edinburgh, 
Scarborough, Yarmouth, Boston, Vienna, Hamburg, Cologne, 
and especially at Havre. The first of the large public aquaria, 
now grown to such a great size, was that opened by the Paris 
Jardin d’Acclimatation in 1861. The Crystal Palace aquarium 
was begun in 1871. The great aquarium of Brighton was of 
even later origin. Its enormous tanks hold over 300,000 gallons, 
the largest one alone holding 110,000 gallons. The founding of 
the aquarium at Naples by Dr. Dohrn, a German naturalist, was 
an important event, as it was designed for purely scientific ob¬ 
servation. 
A station for the study of marine life is now maintained by 
Professor Agassiz at Castle Hill ; but being for purely scientific 
purposes it cannot answer the need of a public aquarium. Another 
station of the same kind has been established and maintained on 
the southern coast by the Johns Hopkins University. In England 
at present there are three very large inland aquaria, at Manchester, 
at Westminster, and at the Crystal Palace, and large seaport 
aquaria are in process of erection at more than a dozen places. 
It has been found that large aquaria may be rendered places of 
the highest amusement, as well as of the easiest and pleasantest 
instruction. All large towns ought to be provided with them. 
For the settlement of many most important questions in the mat¬ 
ter of food-fishes, the world is largely indebted to them. In one 
instance, at least, an observation made at the Brighton aquarium 
was the means of preventing absurd legislation, which would 
have had an effect just opposite to that intended. In 1S65, it was 
proposed by a Royal Commission to prohibit trawling during 
spawning seasons, on the ground that the eggs of the cod and the 
whiting, the most abundant of the food fishes, were deposited on 
the sea floor. But lo ! it was timely discovered that the eggs of 
